2 * Kernel Probes (KProbes)
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
7 * (at your option) any later version.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 * GNU General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2006
20 * s390 port, used ppc64 as template. Mike Grundy <grundym@us.ibm.com>
23 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
24 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
25 #include <linux/preempt.h>
26 #include <linux/stop_machine.h>
27 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
28 #include <asm/kdebug.h>
29 #include <asm/sections.h>
30 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
31 #include <linux/module.h>
33 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe
*, current_kprobe
) = NULL
;
34 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe_ctlblk
, kprobe_ctlblk
);
36 int __kprobes
arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe
*p
)
38 /* Make sure the probe isn't going on a difficult instruction */
39 if (is_prohibited_opcode((kprobe_opcode_t
*) p
->addr
))
42 if ((unsigned long)p
->addr
& 0x01) {
43 printk("Attempt to register kprobe at an unaligned address\n");
47 /* Use the get_insn_slot() facility for correctness */
48 if (!(p
->ainsn
.insn
= get_insn_slot()))
51 memcpy(p
->ainsn
.insn
, p
->addr
, MAX_INSN_SIZE
* sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t
));
53 get_instruction_type(&p
->ainsn
);
58 int __kprobes
is_prohibited_opcode(kprobe_opcode_t
*instruction
)
60 switch (*(__u8
*) instruction
) {
61 case 0x0c: /* bassm */
67 switch (*(__u16
*) instruction
) {
69 case 0xb25a: /* bsa */
70 case 0xb240: /* bakr */
71 case 0xb258: /* bsg */
79 void __kprobes
get_instruction_type(struct arch_specific_insn
*ainsn
)
81 /* default fixup method */
82 ainsn
->fixup
= FIXUP_PSW_NORMAL
;
85 ainsn
->reg
= (*ainsn
->insn
& 0xf0) >> 4;
87 /* save the instruction length (pop 5-5) in bytes */
88 switch (*(__u8
*) (ainsn
->insn
) >> 4) {
101 switch (*(__u8
*) ainsn
->insn
) {
102 case 0x05: /* balr */
103 case 0x0d: /* basr */
104 ainsn
->fixup
= FIXUP_RETURN_REGISTER
;
105 /* if r2 = 0, no branch will be taken */
106 if ((*ainsn
->insn
& 0x0f) == 0)
107 ainsn
->fixup
|= FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN
;
109 case 0x06: /* bctr */
111 ainsn
->fixup
= FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN
;
115 ainsn
->fixup
= FIXUP_RETURN_REGISTER
;
120 case 0x87: /* bxle */
121 ainsn
->fixup
= FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN
;
123 case 0x82: /* lpsw */
124 ainsn
->fixup
= FIXUP_NOT_REQUIRED
;
126 case 0xb2: /* lpswe */
127 if (*(((__u8
*) ainsn
->insn
) + 1) == 0xb2) {
128 ainsn
->fixup
= FIXUP_NOT_REQUIRED
;
131 case 0xa7: /* bras */
132 if ((*ainsn
->insn
& 0x0f) == 0x05) {
133 ainsn
->fixup
|= FIXUP_RETURN_REGISTER
;
137 if ((*ainsn
->insn
& 0x0f) == 0x00 /* larl */
138 || (*ainsn
->insn
& 0x0f) == 0x05) /* brasl */
139 ainsn
->fixup
|= FIXUP_RETURN_REGISTER
;
142 if (*(((__u8
*) ainsn
->insn
) + 5 ) == 0x44 || /* bxhg */
143 *(((__u8
*) ainsn
->insn
) + 5) == 0x45) {/* bxleg */
144 ainsn
->fixup
= FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN
;
147 case 0xe3: /* bctg */
148 if (*(((__u8
*) ainsn
->insn
) + 5) == 0x46) {
149 ainsn
->fixup
= FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN
;
155 static int __kprobes
swap_instruction(void *aref
)
157 struct ins_replace_args
*args
= aref
;
163 * Text segment is read-only, hence we use stura to bypass dynamic
164 * address translation to exchange the instruction. Since stura
165 * always operates on four bytes, but we only want to exchange two
166 * bytes do some calculations to get things right. In addition we
167 * shall not cross any page boundaries (vmalloc area!) when writing
168 * the new instruction.
170 addr
= (u32
*)ALIGN((unsigned long)args
->ptr
, 4);
171 if ((unsigned long)args
->ptr
& 2)
172 instr
= ((*addr
) & 0xffff0000) | args
->new;
174 instr
= ((*addr
) & 0x0000ffff) | args
->new << 16;
183 : "a" (addr
), "d" (instr
)
189 void __kprobes
arch_arm_kprobe(struct kprobe
*p
)
191 struct kprobe_ctlblk
*kcb
= get_kprobe_ctlblk();
192 unsigned long status
= kcb
->kprobe_status
;
193 struct ins_replace_args args
;
196 args
.old
= p
->opcode
;
197 args
.new = BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION
;
199 kcb
->kprobe_status
= KPROBE_SWAP_INST
;
200 stop_machine_run(swap_instruction
, &args
, NR_CPUS
);
201 kcb
->kprobe_status
= status
;
204 void __kprobes
arch_disarm_kprobe(struct kprobe
*p
)
206 struct kprobe_ctlblk
*kcb
= get_kprobe_ctlblk();
207 unsigned long status
= kcb
->kprobe_status
;
208 struct ins_replace_args args
;
211 args
.old
= BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION
;
212 args
.new = p
->opcode
;
214 kcb
->kprobe_status
= KPROBE_SWAP_INST
;
215 stop_machine_run(swap_instruction
, &args
, NR_CPUS
);
216 kcb
->kprobe_status
= status
;
219 void __kprobes
arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe
*p
)
221 mutex_lock(&kprobe_mutex
);
222 free_insn_slot(p
->ainsn
.insn
, 0);
223 mutex_unlock(&kprobe_mutex
);
226 static void __kprobes
prepare_singlestep(struct kprobe
*p
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
228 per_cr_bits kprobe_per_regs
[1];
230 memset(kprobe_per_regs
, 0, sizeof(per_cr_bits
));
231 regs
->psw
.addr
= (unsigned long)p
->ainsn
.insn
| PSW_ADDR_AMODE
;
233 /* Set up the per control reg info, will pass to lctl */
234 kprobe_per_regs
[0].em_instruction_fetch
= 1;
235 kprobe_per_regs
[0].starting_addr
= (unsigned long)p
->ainsn
.insn
;
236 kprobe_per_regs
[0].ending_addr
= (unsigned long)p
->ainsn
.insn
+ 1;
238 /* Set the PER control regs, turns on single step for this address */
239 __ctl_load(kprobe_per_regs
, 9, 11);
240 regs
->psw
.mask
|= PSW_MASK_PER
;
241 regs
->psw
.mask
&= ~(PSW_MASK_IO
| PSW_MASK_EXT
| PSW_MASK_MCHECK
);
244 static void __kprobes
save_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk
*kcb
)
246 kcb
->prev_kprobe
.kp
= kprobe_running();
247 kcb
->prev_kprobe
.status
= kcb
->kprobe_status
;
248 kcb
->prev_kprobe
.kprobe_saved_imask
= kcb
->kprobe_saved_imask
;
249 memcpy(kcb
->prev_kprobe
.kprobe_saved_ctl
, kcb
->kprobe_saved_ctl
,
250 sizeof(kcb
->kprobe_saved_ctl
));
253 static void __kprobes
restore_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk
*kcb
)
255 __get_cpu_var(current_kprobe
) = kcb
->prev_kprobe
.kp
;
256 kcb
->kprobe_status
= kcb
->prev_kprobe
.status
;
257 kcb
->kprobe_saved_imask
= kcb
->prev_kprobe
.kprobe_saved_imask
;
258 memcpy(kcb
->kprobe_saved_ctl
, kcb
->prev_kprobe
.kprobe_saved_ctl
,
259 sizeof(kcb
->kprobe_saved_ctl
));
262 static void __kprobes
set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe
*p
, struct pt_regs
*regs
,
263 struct kprobe_ctlblk
*kcb
)
265 __get_cpu_var(current_kprobe
) = p
;
266 /* Save the interrupt and per flags */
267 kcb
->kprobe_saved_imask
= regs
->psw
.mask
&
268 (PSW_MASK_PER
| PSW_MASK_IO
| PSW_MASK_EXT
| PSW_MASK_MCHECK
);
269 /* Save the control regs that govern PER */
270 __ctl_store(kcb
->kprobe_saved_ctl
, 9, 11);
273 /* Called with kretprobe_lock held */
274 void __kprobes
arch_prepare_kretprobe(struct kretprobe
*rp
,
275 struct pt_regs
*regs
)
277 struct kretprobe_instance
*ri
;
279 if ((ri
= get_free_rp_inst(rp
)) != NULL
) {
282 ri
->ret_addr
= (kprobe_opcode_t
*) regs
->gprs
[14];
284 /* Replace the return addr with trampoline addr */
285 regs
->gprs
[14] = (unsigned long)&kretprobe_trampoline
;
293 static int __kprobes
kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs
*regs
)
297 unsigned long *addr
= (unsigned long *)
298 ((regs
->psw
.addr
& PSW_ADDR_INSN
) - 2);
299 struct kprobe_ctlblk
*kcb
;
302 * We don't want to be preempted for the entire
303 * duration of kprobe processing
306 kcb
= get_kprobe_ctlblk();
308 /* Check we're not actually recursing */
309 if (kprobe_running()) {
310 p
= get_kprobe(addr
);
312 if (kcb
->kprobe_status
== KPROBE_HIT_SS
&&
313 *p
->ainsn
.insn
== BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION
) {
314 regs
->psw
.mask
&= ~PSW_MASK_PER
;
315 regs
->psw
.mask
|= kcb
->kprobe_saved_imask
;
318 /* We have reentered the kprobe_handler(), since
319 * another probe was hit while within the handler.
320 * We here save the original kprobes variables and
321 * just single step on the instruction of the new probe
322 * without calling any user handlers.
324 save_previous_kprobe(kcb
);
325 set_current_kprobe(p
, regs
, kcb
);
326 kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p
);
327 prepare_singlestep(p
, regs
);
328 kcb
->kprobe_status
= KPROBE_REENTER
;
331 p
= __get_cpu_var(current_kprobe
);
332 if (p
->break_handler
&& p
->break_handler(p
, regs
)) {
339 p
= get_kprobe(addr
);
341 if (*addr
!= BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION
) {
343 * The breakpoint instruction was removed right
344 * after we hit it. Another cpu has removed
345 * either a probepoint or a debugger breakpoint
346 * at this address. In either case, no further
347 * handling of this interrupt is appropriate.
352 /* Not one of ours: let kernel handle it */
356 kcb
->kprobe_status
= KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE
;
357 set_current_kprobe(p
, regs
, kcb
);
358 if (p
->pre_handler
&& p
->pre_handler(p
, regs
))
359 /* handler has already set things up, so skip ss setup */
363 prepare_singlestep(p
, regs
);
364 kcb
->kprobe_status
= KPROBE_HIT_SS
;
368 preempt_enable_no_resched();
373 * Function return probe trampoline:
374 * - init_kprobes() establishes a probepoint here
375 * - When the probed function returns, this probe
376 * causes the handlers to fire
378 void kretprobe_trampoline_holder(void)
380 asm volatile(".global kretprobe_trampoline\n"
381 "kretprobe_trampoline: bcr 0,0\n");
385 * Called when the probe at kretprobe trampoline is hit
387 static int __kprobes
trampoline_probe_handler(struct kprobe
*p
,
388 struct pt_regs
*regs
)
390 struct kretprobe_instance
*ri
= NULL
;
391 struct hlist_head
*head
, empty_rp
;
392 struct hlist_node
*node
, *tmp
;
393 unsigned long flags
, orig_ret_address
= 0;
394 unsigned long trampoline_address
= (unsigned long)&kretprobe_trampoline
;
396 INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&empty_rp
);
397 spin_lock_irqsave(&kretprobe_lock
, flags
);
398 head
= kretprobe_inst_table_head(current
);
401 * It is possible to have multiple instances associated with a given
402 * task either because an multiple functions in the call path
403 * have a return probe installed on them, and/or more then one return
404 * return probe was registered for a target function.
406 * We can handle this because:
407 * - instances are always inserted at the head of the list
408 * - when multiple return probes are registered for the same
409 * function, the first instance's ret_addr will point to the
410 * real return address, and all the rest will point to
411 * kretprobe_trampoline
413 hlist_for_each_entry_safe(ri
, node
, tmp
, head
, hlist
) {
414 if (ri
->task
!= current
)
415 /* another task is sharing our hash bucket */
418 if (ri
->rp
&& ri
->rp
->handler
)
419 ri
->rp
->handler(ri
, regs
);
421 orig_ret_address
= (unsigned long)ri
->ret_addr
;
422 recycle_rp_inst(ri
, &empty_rp
);
424 if (orig_ret_address
!= trampoline_address
) {
426 * This is the real return address. Any other
427 * instances associated with this task are for
428 * other calls deeper on the call stack
433 BUG_ON(!orig_ret_address
|| (orig_ret_address
== trampoline_address
));
434 regs
->psw
.addr
= orig_ret_address
| PSW_ADDR_AMODE
;
436 reset_current_kprobe();
437 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kretprobe_lock
, flags
);
438 preempt_enable_no_resched();
440 hlist_for_each_entry_safe(ri
, node
, tmp
, &empty_rp
, hlist
) {
441 hlist_del(&ri
->hlist
);
445 * By returning a non-zero value, we are telling
446 * kprobe_handler() that we don't want the post_handler
447 * to run (and have re-enabled preemption)
453 * Called after single-stepping. p->addr is the address of the
454 * instruction whose first byte has been replaced by the "breakpoint"
455 * instruction. To avoid the SMP problems that can occur when we
456 * temporarily put back the original opcode to single-step, we
457 * single-stepped a copy of the instruction. The address of this
458 * copy is p->ainsn.insn.
460 static void __kprobes
resume_execution(struct kprobe
*p
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
462 struct kprobe_ctlblk
*kcb
= get_kprobe_ctlblk();
464 regs
->psw
.addr
&= PSW_ADDR_INSN
;
466 if (p
->ainsn
.fixup
& FIXUP_PSW_NORMAL
)
467 regs
->psw
.addr
= (unsigned long)p
->addr
+
468 ((unsigned long)regs
->psw
.addr
-
469 (unsigned long)p
->ainsn
.insn
);
471 if (p
->ainsn
.fixup
& FIXUP_BRANCH_NOT_TAKEN
)
472 if ((unsigned long)regs
->psw
.addr
-
473 (unsigned long)p
->ainsn
.insn
== p
->ainsn
.ilen
)
474 regs
->psw
.addr
= (unsigned long)p
->addr
+ p
->ainsn
.ilen
;
476 if (p
->ainsn
.fixup
& FIXUP_RETURN_REGISTER
)
477 regs
->gprs
[p
->ainsn
.reg
] = ((unsigned long)p
->addr
+
478 (regs
->gprs
[p
->ainsn
.reg
] -
479 (unsigned long)p
->ainsn
.insn
))
482 regs
->psw
.addr
|= PSW_ADDR_AMODE
;
483 /* turn off PER mode */
484 regs
->psw
.mask
&= ~PSW_MASK_PER
;
485 /* Restore the original per control regs */
486 __ctl_load(kcb
->kprobe_saved_ctl
, 9, 11);
487 regs
->psw
.mask
|= kcb
->kprobe_saved_imask
;
490 static int __kprobes
post_kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs
*regs
)
492 struct kprobe
*cur
= kprobe_running();
493 struct kprobe_ctlblk
*kcb
= get_kprobe_ctlblk();
498 if ((kcb
->kprobe_status
!= KPROBE_REENTER
) && cur
->post_handler
) {
499 kcb
->kprobe_status
= KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE
;
500 cur
->post_handler(cur
, regs
, 0);
503 resume_execution(cur
, regs
);
505 /*Restore back the original saved kprobes variables and continue. */
506 if (kcb
->kprobe_status
== KPROBE_REENTER
) {
507 restore_previous_kprobe(kcb
);
510 reset_current_kprobe();
512 preempt_enable_no_resched();
515 * if somebody else is singlestepping across a probe point, psw mask
516 * will have PER set, in which case, continue the remaining processing
517 * of do_single_step, as if this is not a probe hit.
519 if (regs
->psw
.mask
& PSW_MASK_PER
) {
526 static int __kprobes
kprobe_fault_handler(struct pt_regs
*regs
, int trapnr
)
528 struct kprobe
*cur
= kprobe_running();
529 struct kprobe_ctlblk
*kcb
= get_kprobe_ctlblk();
530 const struct exception_table_entry
*entry
;
532 switch(kcb
->kprobe_status
) {
533 case KPROBE_SWAP_INST
:
534 /* We are here because the instruction replacement failed */
539 * We are here because the instruction being single
540 * stepped caused a page fault. We reset the current
541 * kprobe and the nip points back to the probe address
542 * and allow the page fault handler to continue as a
545 regs
->psw
.addr
= (unsigned long)cur
->addr
| PSW_ADDR_AMODE
;
546 regs
->psw
.mask
&= ~PSW_MASK_PER
;
547 regs
->psw
.mask
|= kcb
->kprobe_saved_imask
;
548 if (kcb
->kprobe_status
== KPROBE_REENTER
)
549 restore_previous_kprobe(kcb
);
551 reset_current_kprobe();
552 preempt_enable_no_resched();
554 case KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE
:
555 case KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE
:
557 * We increment the nmissed count for accounting,
558 * we can also use npre/npostfault count for accouting
559 * these specific fault cases.
561 kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(cur
);
564 * We come here because instructions in the pre/post
565 * handler caused the page_fault, this could happen
566 * if handler tries to access user space by
567 * copy_from_user(), get_user() etc. Let the
568 * user-specified handler try to fix it first.
570 if (cur
->fault_handler
&& cur
->fault_handler(cur
, regs
, trapnr
))
574 * In case the user-specified fault handler returned
575 * zero, try to fix up.
577 entry
= search_exception_tables(regs
->psw
.addr
& PSW_ADDR_INSN
);
579 regs
->psw
.addr
= entry
->fixup
| PSW_ADDR_AMODE
;
584 * fixup_exception() could not handle it,
585 * Let do_page_fault() fix it.
595 * Wrapper routine to for handling exceptions.
597 int __kprobes
kprobe_exceptions_notify(struct notifier_block
*self
,
598 unsigned long val
, void *data
)
600 struct die_args
*args
= (struct die_args
*)data
;
601 int ret
= NOTIFY_DONE
;
605 if (kprobe_handler(args
->regs
))
609 if (post_kprobe_handler(args
->regs
))
614 /* kprobe_running() needs smp_processor_id() */
616 if (kprobe_running() &&
617 kprobe_fault_handler(args
->regs
, args
->trapnr
))
627 int __kprobes
setjmp_pre_handler(struct kprobe
*p
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
629 struct jprobe
*jp
= container_of(p
, struct jprobe
, kp
);
631 struct kprobe_ctlblk
*kcb
= get_kprobe_ctlblk();
633 memcpy(&kcb
->jprobe_saved_regs
, regs
, sizeof(struct pt_regs
));
635 /* setup return addr to the jprobe handler routine */
636 regs
->psw
.addr
= (unsigned long)(jp
->entry
) | PSW_ADDR_AMODE
;
638 /* r14 is the function return address */
639 kcb
->jprobe_saved_r14
= (unsigned long)regs
->gprs
[14];
640 /* r15 is the stack pointer */
641 kcb
->jprobe_saved_r15
= (unsigned long)regs
->gprs
[15];
642 addr
= (unsigned long)kcb
->jprobe_saved_r15
;
644 memcpy(kcb
->jprobes_stack
, (kprobe_opcode_t
*) addr
,
645 MIN_STACK_SIZE(addr
));
649 void __kprobes
jprobe_return(void)
651 asm volatile(".word 0x0002");
654 void __kprobes
jprobe_return_end(void)
656 asm volatile("bcr 0,0");
659 int __kprobes
longjmp_break_handler(struct kprobe
*p
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
661 struct kprobe_ctlblk
*kcb
= get_kprobe_ctlblk();
662 unsigned long stack_addr
= (unsigned long)(kcb
->jprobe_saved_r15
);
664 /* Put the regs back */
665 memcpy(regs
, &kcb
->jprobe_saved_regs
, sizeof(struct pt_regs
));
666 /* put the stack back */
667 memcpy((kprobe_opcode_t
*) stack_addr
, kcb
->jprobes_stack
,
668 MIN_STACK_SIZE(stack_addr
));
669 preempt_enable_no_resched();
673 static struct kprobe trampoline_p
= {
674 .addr
= (kprobe_opcode_t
*) & kretprobe_trampoline
,
675 .pre_handler
= trampoline_probe_handler
678 int __init
arch_init_kprobes(void)
680 return register_kprobe(&trampoline_p
);