mfd: Add ASIC3 LED support
[linux-2.6/linux-acpi-2.6/ibm-acpi-2.6.git] / drivers / ata / libata-transport.c
blobce9dc6207f3731d292ca838a02adca44013ac4a1
1 /*
2 * Copyright 2008 ioogle, Inc. All rights reserved.
3 * Released under GPL v2.
5 * Libata transport class.
7 * The ATA transport class contains common code to deal with ATA HBAs,
8 * an approximated representation of ATA topologies in the driver model,
9 * and various sysfs attributes to expose these topologies and management
10 * interfaces to user-space.
12 * There are 3 objects defined in in this class:
13 * - ata_port
14 * - ata_link
15 * - ata_device
16 * Each port has a link object. Each link can have up to two devices for PATA
17 * and generally one for SATA.
18 * If there is SATA port multiplier [PMP], 15 additional ata_link object are
19 * created.
21 * These objects are created when the ata host is initialized and when a PMP is
22 * found. They are removed only when the HBA is removed, cleaned before the
23 * error handler runs.
27 #include <linux/kernel.h>
28 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
29 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
30 #include <linux/slab.h>
31 #include <scsi/scsi_transport.h>
32 #include <linux/libata.h>
33 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
34 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
36 #include "libata.h"
37 #include "libata-transport.h"
39 #define ATA_PORT_ATTRS 2
40 #define ATA_LINK_ATTRS 3
41 #define ATA_DEV_ATTRS 9
43 struct scsi_transport_template;
44 struct scsi_transport_template *ata_scsi_transport_template;
46 struct ata_internal {
47 struct scsi_transport_template t;
49 struct device_attribute private_port_attrs[ATA_PORT_ATTRS];
50 struct device_attribute private_link_attrs[ATA_LINK_ATTRS];
51 struct device_attribute private_dev_attrs[ATA_DEV_ATTRS];
53 struct transport_container link_attr_cont;
54 struct transport_container dev_attr_cont;
57 * The array of null terminated pointers to attributes
58 * needed by scsi_sysfs.c
60 struct device_attribute *link_attrs[ATA_LINK_ATTRS + 1];
61 struct device_attribute *port_attrs[ATA_PORT_ATTRS + 1];
62 struct device_attribute *dev_attrs[ATA_DEV_ATTRS + 1];
64 #define to_ata_internal(tmpl) container_of(tmpl, struct ata_internal, t)
67 #define tdev_to_device(d) \
68 container_of((d), struct ata_device, tdev)
69 #define transport_class_to_dev(dev) \
70 tdev_to_device((dev)->parent)
72 #define tdev_to_link(d) \
73 container_of((d), struct ata_link, tdev)
74 #define transport_class_to_link(dev) \
75 tdev_to_link((dev)->parent)
77 #define tdev_to_port(d) \
78 container_of((d), struct ata_port, tdev)
79 #define transport_class_to_port(dev) \
80 tdev_to_port((dev)->parent)
83 /* Device objects are always created whit link objects */
84 static int ata_tdev_add(struct ata_device *dev);
85 static void ata_tdev_delete(struct ata_device *dev);
89 * Hack to allow attributes of the same name in different objects.
91 #define ATA_DEVICE_ATTR(_prefix,_name,_mode,_show,_store) \
92 struct device_attribute device_attr_##_prefix##_##_name = \
93 __ATTR(_name,_mode,_show,_store)
95 #define ata_bitfield_name_match(title, table) \
96 static ssize_t \
97 get_ata_##title##_names(u32 table_key, char *buf) \
98 { \
99 char *prefix = ""; \
100 ssize_t len = 0; \
101 int i; \
103 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(table); i++) { \
104 if (table[i].value & table_key) { \
105 len += sprintf(buf + len, "%s%s", \
106 prefix, table[i].name); \
107 prefix = ", "; \
110 len += sprintf(buf + len, "\n"); \
111 return len; \
114 #define ata_bitfield_name_search(title, table) \
115 static ssize_t \
116 get_ata_##title##_names(u32 table_key, char *buf) \
118 ssize_t len = 0; \
119 int i; \
121 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(table); i++) { \
122 if (table[i].value == table_key) { \
123 len += sprintf(buf + len, "%s", \
124 table[i].name); \
125 break; \
128 len += sprintf(buf + len, "\n"); \
129 return len; \
132 static struct {
133 u32 value;
134 char *name;
135 } ata_class_names[] = {
136 { ATA_DEV_UNKNOWN, "unknown" },
137 { ATA_DEV_ATA, "ata" },
138 { ATA_DEV_ATA_UNSUP, "ata" },
139 { ATA_DEV_ATAPI, "atapi" },
140 { ATA_DEV_ATAPI_UNSUP, "atapi" },
141 { ATA_DEV_PMP, "pmp" },
142 { ATA_DEV_PMP_UNSUP, "pmp" },
143 { ATA_DEV_SEMB, "semb" },
144 { ATA_DEV_SEMB_UNSUP, "semb" },
145 { ATA_DEV_NONE, "none" }
147 ata_bitfield_name_search(class, ata_class_names)
150 static struct {
151 u32 value;
152 char *name;
153 } ata_err_names[] = {
154 { AC_ERR_DEV, "DeviceError" },
155 { AC_ERR_HSM, "HostStateMachineError" },
156 { AC_ERR_TIMEOUT, "Timeout" },
157 { AC_ERR_MEDIA, "MediaError" },
158 { AC_ERR_ATA_BUS, "BusError" },
159 { AC_ERR_HOST_BUS, "HostBusError" },
160 { AC_ERR_SYSTEM, "SystemError" },
161 { AC_ERR_INVALID, "InvalidArg" },
162 { AC_ERR_OTHER, "Unknown" },
163 { AC_ERR_NODEV_HINT, "NoDeviceHint" },
164 { AC_ERR_NCQ, "NCQError" }
166 ata_bitfield_name_match(err, ata_err_names)
168 static struct {
169 u32 value;
170 char *name;
171 } ata_xfer_names[] = {
172 { XFER_UDMA_7, "XFER_UDMA_7" },
173 { XFER_UDMA_6, "XFER_UDMA_6" },
174 { XFER_UDMA_5, "XFER_UDMA_5" },
175 { XFER_UDMA_4, "XFER_UDMA_4" },
176 { XFER_UDMA_3, "XFER_UDMA_3" },
177 { XFER_UDMA_2, "XFER_UDMA_2" },
178 { XFER_UDMA_1, "XFER_UDMA_1" },
179 { XFER_UDMA_0, "XFER_UDMA_0" },
180 { XFER_MW_DMA_4, "XFER_MW_DMA_4" },
181 { XFER_MW_DMA_3, "XFER_MW_DMA_3" },
182 { XFER_MW_DMA_2, "XFER_MW_DMA_2" },
183 { XFER_MW_DMA_1, "XFER_MW_DMA_1" },
184 { XFER_MW_DMA_0, "XFER_MW_DMA_0" },
185 { XFER_SW_DMA_2, "XFER_SW_DMA_2" },
186 { XFER_SW_DMA_1, "XFER_SW_DMA_1" },
187 { XFER_SW_DMA_0, "XFER_SW_DMA_0" },
188 { XFER_PIO_6, "XFER_PIO_6" },
189 { XFER_PIO_5, "XFER_PIO_5" },
190 { XFER_PIO_4, "XFER_PIO_4" },
191 { XFER_PIO_3, "XFER_PIO_3" },
192 { XFER_PIO_2, "XFER_PIO_2" },
193 { XFER_PIO_1, "XFER_PIO_1" },
194 { XFER_PIO_0, "XFER_PIO_0" },
195 { XFER_PIO_SLOW, "XFER_PIO_SLOW" }
197 ata_bitfield_name_match(xfer,ata_xfer_names)
200 * ATA Port attributes
202 #define ata_port_show_simple(field, name, format_string, cast) \
203 static ssize_t \
204 show_ata_port_##name(struct device *dev, \
205 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) \
207 struct ata_port *ap = transport_class_to_port(dev); \
209 return snprintf(buf, 20, format_string, cast ap->field); \
212 #define ata_port_simple_attr(field, name, format_string, type) \
213 ata_port_show_simple(field, name, format_string, (type)) \
214 static DEVICE_ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, show_ata_port_##name, NULL)
216 ata_port_simple_attr(nr_pmp_links, nr_pmp_links, "%d\n", int);
217 ata_port_simple_attr(stats.idle_irq, idle_irq, "%ld\n", unsigned long);
219 static DECLARE_TRANSPORT_CLASS(ata_port_class,
220 "ata_port", NULL, NULL, NULL);
222 static void ata_tport_release(struct device *dev)
224 put_device(dev->parent);
228 * ata_is_port -- check if a struct device represents a ATA port
229 * @dev: device to check
231 * Returns:
232 * %1 if the device represents a ATA Port, %0 else
234 int ata_is_port(const struct device *dev)
236 return dev->release == ata_tport_release;
239 static int ata_tport_match(struct attribute_container *cont,
240 struct device *dev)
242 if (!ata_is_port(dev))
243 return 0;
244 return &ata_scsi_transport_template->host_attrs.ac == cont;
248 * ata_tport_delete -- remove ATA PORT
249 * @port: ATA PORT to remove
251 * Removes the specified ATA PORT. Remove the associated link as well.
253 void ata_tport_delete(struct ata_port *ap)
255 struct device *dev = &ap->tdev;
257 ata_tlink_delete(&ap->link);
259 transport_remove_device(dev);
260 device_del(dev);
261 transport_destroy_device(dev);
262 put_device(dev);
265 /** ata_tport_add - initialize a transport ATA port structure
267 * @parent: parent device
268 * @ap: existing ata_port structure
270 * Initialize a ATA port structure for sysfs. It will be added to the device
271 * tree below the device specified by @parent which could be a PCI device.
273 * Returns %0 on success
275 int ata_tport_add(struct device *parent,
276 struct ata_port *ap)
278 int error;
279 struct device *dev = &ap->tdev;
281 device_initialize(dev);
283 dev->parent = get_device(parent);
284 dev->release = ata_tport_release;
285 dev_set_name(dev, "ata%d", ap->print_id);
286 transport_setup_device(dev);
287 error = device_add(dev);
288 if (error) {
289 goto tport_err;
292 transport_add_device(dev);
293 transport_configure_device(dev);
295 error = ata_tlink_add(&ap->link);
296 if (error) {
297 goto tport_link_err;
299 return 0;
301 tport_link_err:
302 transport_remove_device(dev);
303 device_del(dev);
305 tport_err:
306 transport_destroy_device(dev);
307 put_device(dev);
308 return error;
313 * ATA link attributes
317 #define ata_link_show_linkspeed(field) \
318 static ssize_t \
319 show_ata_link_##field(struct device *dev, \
320 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) \
322 struct ata_link *link = transport_class_to_link(dev); \
324 return sprintf(buf,"%s\n", sata_spd_string(fls(link->field))); \
327 #define ata_link_linkspeed_attr(field) \
328 ata_link_show_linkspeed(field) \
329 static DEVICE_ATTR(field, S_IRUGO, show_ata_link_##field, NULL)
331 ata_link_linkspeed_attr(hw_sata_spd_limit);
332 ata_link_linkspeed_attr(sata_spd_limit);
333 ata_link_linkspeed_attr(sata_spd);
336 static DECLARE_TRANSPORT_CLASS(ata_link_class,
337 "ata_link", NULL, NULL, NULL);
339 static void ata_tlink_release(struct device *dev)
341 put_device(dev->parent);
345 * ata_is_link -- check if a struct device represents a ATA link
346 * @dev: device to check
348 * Returns:
349 * %1 if the device represents a ATA link, %0 else
351 int ata_is_link(const struct device *dev)
353 return dev->release == ata_tlink_release;
356 static int ata_tlink_match(struct attribute_container *cont,
357 struct device *dev)
359 struct ata_internal* i = to_ata_internal(ata_scsi_transport_template);
360 if (!ata_is_link(dev))
361 return 0;
362 return &i->link_attr_cont.ac == cont;
366 * ata_tlink_delete -- remove ATA LINK
367 * @port: ATA LINK to remove
369 * Removes the specified ATA LINK. remove associated ATA device(s) as well.
371 void ata_tlink_delete(struct ata_link *link)
373 struct device *dev = &link->tdev;
374 struct ata_device *ata_dev;
376 ata_for_each_dev(ata_dev, link, ALL) {
377 ata_tdev_delete(ata_dev);
380 transport_remove_device(dev);
381 device_del(dev);
382 transport_destroy_device(dev);
383 put_device(dev);
387 * ata_tlink_add -- initialize a transport ATA link structure
388 * @link: allocated ata_link structure.
390 * Initialize an ATA LINK structure for sysfs. It will be added in the
391 * device tree below the ATA PORT it belongs to.
393 * Returns %0 on success
395 int ata_tlink_add(struct ata_link *link)
397 struct device *dev = &link->tdev;
398 struct ata_port *ap = link->ap;
399 struct ata_device *ata_dev;
400 int error;
402 device_initialize(dev);
403 dev->parent = get_device(&ap->tdev);
404 dev->release = ata_tlink_release;
405 if (ata_is_host_link(link))
406 dev_set_name(dev, "link%d", ap->print_id);
407 else
408 dev_set_name(dev, "link%d.%d", ap->print_id, link->pmp);
410 transport_setup_device(dev);
412 error = device_add(dev);
413 if (error) {
414 goto tlink_err;
417 transport_add_device(dev);
418 transport_configure_device(dev);
420 ata_for_each_dev(ata_dev, link, ALL) {
421 error = ata_tdev_add(ata_dev);
422 if (error) {
423 goto tlink_dev_err;
426 return 0;
427 tlink_dev_err:
428 while (--ata_dev >= link->device) {
429 ata_tdev_delete(ata_dev);
431 transport_remove_device(dev);
432 device_del(dev);
433 tlink_err:
434 transport_destroy_device(dev);
435 put_device(dev);
436 return error;
440 * ATA device attributes
443 #define ata_dev_show_class(title, field) \
444 static ssize_t \
445 show_ata_dev_##field(struct device *dev, \
446 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) \
448 struct ata_device *ata_dev = transport_class_to_dev(dev); \
450 return get_ata_##title##_names(ata_dev->field, buf); \
453 #define ata_dev_attr(title, field) \
454 ata_dev_show_class(title, field) \
455 static DEVICE_ATTR(field, S_IRUGO, show_ata_dev_##field, NULL)
457 ata_dev_attr(class, class);
458 ata_dev_attr(xfer, pio_mode);
459 ata_dev_attr(xfer, dma_mode);
460 ata_dev_attr(xfer, xfer_mode);
463 #define ata_dev_show_simple(field, format_string, cast) \
464 static ssize_t \
465 show_ata_dev_##field(struct device *dev, \
466 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) \
468 struct ata_device *ata_dev = transport_class_to_dev(dev); \
470 return snprintf(buf, 20, format_string, cast ata_dev->field); \
473 #define ata_dev_simple_attr(field, format_string, type) \
474 ata_dev_show_simple(field, format_string, (type)) \
475 static DEVICE_ATTR(field, S_IRUGO, \
476 show_ata_dev_##field, NULL)
478 ata_dev_simple_attr(spdn_cnt, "%d\n", int);
480 struct ata_show_ering_arg {
481 char* buf;
482 int written;
485 static int ata_show_ering(struct ata_ering_entry *ent, void *void_arg)
487 struct ata_show_ering_arg* arg = void_arg;
488 struct timespec time;
490 jiffies_to_timespec(ent->timestamp,&time);
491 arg->written += sprintf(arg->buf + arg->written,
492 "[%5lu.%06lu]",
493 time.tv_sec, time.tv_nsec);
494 arg->written += get_ata_err_names(ent->err_mask,
495 arg->buf + arg->written);
496 return 0;
499 static ssize_t
500 show_ata_dev_ering(struct device *dev,
501 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
503 struct ata_device *ata_dev = transport_class_to_dev(dev);
504 struct ata_show_ering_arg arg = { buf, 0 };
506 ata_ering_map(&ata_dev->ering, ata_show_ering, &arg);
507 return arg.written;
511 static DEVICE_ATTR(ering, S_IRUGO, show_ata_dev_ering, NULL);
513 static ssize_t
514 show_ata_dev_id(struct device *dev,
515 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
517 struct ata_device *ata_dev = transport_class_to_dev(dev);
518 int written = 0, i = 0;
520 if (ata_dev->class == ATA_DEV_PMP)
521 return 0;
522 for(i=0;i<ATA_ID_WORDS;i++) {
523 written += snprintf(buf+written, 20, "%04x%c",
524 ata_dev->id[i],
525 ((i+1) & 7) ? ' ' : '\n');
527 return written;
530 static DEVICE_ATTR(id, S_IRUGO, show_ata_dev_id, NULL);
532 static ssize_t
533 show_ata_dev_gscr(struct device *dev,
534 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
536 struct ata_device *ata_dev = transport_class_to_dev(dev);
537 int written = 0, i = 0;
539 if (ata_dev->class != ATA_DEV_PMP)
540 return 0;
541 for(i=0;i<SATA_PMP_GSCR_DWORDS;i++) {
542 written += snprintf(buf+written, 20, "%08x%c",
543 ata_dev->gscr[i],
544 ((i+1) & 3) ? ' ' : '\n');
546 if (SATA_PMP_GSCR_DWORDS & 3)
547 buf[written-1] = '\n';
548 return written;
551 static DEVICE_ATTR(gscr, S_IRUGO, show_ata_dev_gscr, NULL);
553 static DECLARE_TRANSPORT_CLASS(ata_dev_class,
554 "ata_device", NULL, NULL, NULL);
556 static void ata_tdev_release(struct device *dev)
558 put_device(dev->parent);
562 * ata_is_ata_dev -- check if a struct device represents a ATA device
563 * @dev: device to check
565 * Returns:
566 * %1 if the device represents a ATA device, %0 else
568 int ata_is_ata_dev(const struct device *dev)
570 return dev->release == ata_tdev_release;
573 static int ata_tdev_match(struct attribute_container *cont,
574 struct device *dev)
576 struct ata_internal* i = to_ata_internal(ata_scsi_transport_template);
577 if (!ata_is_ata_dev(dev))
578 return 0;
579 return &i->dev_attr_cont.ac == cont;
583 * ata_tdev_free -- free a ATA LINK
584 * @dev: ATA PHY to free
586 * Frees the specified ATA PHY.
588 * Note:
589 * This function must only be called on a PHY that has not
590 * successfully been added using ata_tdev_add().
592 static void ata_tdev_free(struct ata_device *dev)
594 transport_destroy_device(&dev->tdev);
595 put_device(&dev->tdev);
599 * ata_tdev_delete -- remove ATA device
600 * @port: ATA PORT to remove
602 * Removes the specified ATA device.
604 static void ata_tdev_delete(struct ata_device *ata_dev)
606 struct device *dev = &ata_dev->tdev;
608 transport_remove_device(dev);
609 device_del(dev);
610 ata_tdev_free(ata_dev);
615 * ata_tdev_add -- initialize a transport ATA device structure.
616 * @ata_dev: ata_dev structure.
618 * Initialize an ATA device structure for sysfs. It will be added in the
619 * device tree below the ATA LINK device it belongs to.
621 * Returns %0 on success
623 static int ata_tdev_add(struct ata_device *ata_dev)
625 struct device *dev = &ata_dev->tdev;
626 struct ata_link *link = ata_dev->link;
627 struct ata_port *ap = link->ap;
628 int error;
630 device_initialize(dev);
631 dev->parent = get_device(&link->tdev);
632 dev->release = ata_tdev_release;
633 if (ata_is_host_link(link))
634 dev_set_name(dev, "dev%d.%d", ap->print_id,ata_dev->devno);
635 else
636 dev_set_name(dev, "dev%d.%d.0", ap->print_id, link->pmp);
638 transport_setup_device(dev);
639 error = device_add(dev);
640 if (error) {
641 ata_tdev_free(ata_dev);
642 return error;
645 transport_add_device(dev);
646 transport_configure_device(dev);
647 return 0;
652 * Setup / Teardown code
655 #define SETUP_TEMPLATE(attrb, field, perm, test) \
656 i->private_##attrb[count] = dev_attr_##field; \
657 i->private_##attrb[count].attr.mode = perm; \
658 i->attrb[count] = &i->private_##attrb[count]; \
659 if (test) \
660 count++
662 #define SETUP_LINK_ATTRIBUTE(field) \
663 SETUP_TEMPLATE(link_attrs, field, S_IRUGO, 1)
665 #define SETUP_PORT_ATTRIBUTE(field) \
666 SETUP_TEMPLATE(port_attrs, field, S_IRUGO, 1)
668 #define SETUP_DEV_ATTRIBUTE(field) \
669 SETUP_TEMPLATE(dev_attrs, field, S_IRUGO, 1)
672 * ata_attach_transport -- instantiate ATA transport template
674 struct scsi_transport_template *ata_attach_transport(void)
676 struct ata_internal *i;
677 int count;
679 i = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ata_internal), GFP_KERNEL);
680 if (!i)
681 return NULL;
683 i->t.eh_strategy_handler = ata_scsi_error;
684 i->t.eh_timed_out = ata_scsi_timed_out;
685 i->t.user_scan = ata_scsi_user_scan;
687 i->t.host_attrs.ac.attrs = &i->port_attrs[0];
688 i->t.host_attrs.ac.class = &ata_port_class.class;
689 i->t.host_attrs.ac.match = ata_tport_match;
690 transport_container_register(&i->t.host_attrs);
692 i->link_attr_cont.ac.class = &ata_link_class.class;
693 i->link_attr_cont.ac.attrs = &i->link_attrs[0];
694 i->link_attr_cont.ac.match = ata_tlink_match;
695 transport_container_register(&i->link_attr_cont);
697 i->dev_attr_cont.ac.class = &ata_dev_class.class;
698 i->dev_attr_cont.ac.attrs = &i->dev_attrs[0];
699 i->dev_attr_cont.ac.match = ata_tdev_match;
700 transport_container_register(&i->dev_attr_cont);
702 count = 0;
703 SETUP_PORT_ATTRIBUTE(nr_pmp_links);
704 SETUP_PORT_ATTRIBUTE(idle_irq);
705 BUG_ON(count > ATA_PORT_ATTRS);
706 i->port_attrs[count] = NULL;
708 count = 0;
709 SETUP_LINK_ATTRIBUTE(hw_sata_spd_limit);
710 SETUP_LINK_ATTRIBUTE(sata_spd_limit);
711 SETUP_LINK_ATTRIBUTE(sata_spd);
712 BUG_ON(count > ATA_LINK_ATTRS);
713 i->link_attrs[count] = NULL;
715 count = 0;
716 SETUP_DEV_ATTRIBUTE(class);
717 SETUP_DEV_ATTRIBUTE(pio_mode);
718 SETUP_DEV_ATTRIBUTE(dma_mode);
719 SETUP_DEV_ATTRIBUTE(xfer_mode);
720 SETUP_DEV_ATTRIBUTE(spdn_cnt);
721 SETUP_DEV_ATTRIBUTE(ering);
722 SETUP_DEV_ATTRIBUTE(id);
723 SETUP_DEV_ATTRIBUTE(gscr);
724 BUG_ON(count > ATA_DEV_ATTRS);
725 i->dev_attrs[count] = NULL;
727 return &i->t;
731 * ata_release_transport -- release ATA transport template instance
732 * @t: transport template instance
734 void ata_release_transport(struct scsi_transport_template *t)
736 struct ata_internal *i = to_ata_internal(t);
738 transport_container_unregister(&i->t.host_attrs);
739 transport_container_unregister(&i->link_attr_cont);
740 transport_container_unregister(&i->dev_attr_cont);
742 kfree(i);
745 __init int libata_transport_init(void)
747 int error;
749 error = transport_class_register(&ata_link_class);
750 if (error)
751 goto out_unregister_transport;
752 error = transport_class_register(&ata_port_class);
753 if (error)
754 goto out_unregister_link;
755 error = transport_class_register(&ata_dev_class);
756 if (error)
757 goto out_unregister_port;
758 return 0;
760 out_unregister_port:
761 transport_class_unregister(&ata_port_class);
762 out_unregister_link:
763 transport_class_unregister(&ata_link_class);
764 out_unregister_transport:
765 return error;
769 void __exit libata_transport_exit(void)
771 transport_class_unregister(&ata_link_class);
772 transport_class_unregister(&ata_port_class);
773 transport_class_unregister(&ata_dev_class);