2 * linux/fs/jbd/checkpoint.c
4 * Written by Stephen C. Tweedie <sct@redhat.com>, 1999
6 * Copyright 1999 Red Hat Software --- All Rights Reserved
8 * This file is part of the Linux kernel and is made available under
9 * the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2, or at your
10 * option, any later version, incorporated herein by reference.
12 * Checkpoint routines for the generic filesystem journaling code.
13 * Part of the ext2fs journaling system.
15 * Checkpointing is the process of ensuring that a section of the log is
16 * committed fully to disk, so that that portion of the log can be
20 #include <linux/time.h>
22 #include <linux/jbd.h>
23 #include <linux/errno.h>
24 #include <linux/slab.h>
25 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
26 #include <trace/events/jbd.h>
29 * Unlink a buffer from a transaction checkpoint list.
31 * Called with j_list_lock held.
33 static inline void __buffer_unlink_first(struct journal_head
*jh
)
35 transaction_t
*transaction
= jh
->b_cp_transaction
;
37 jh
->b_cpnext
->b_cpprev
= jh
->b_cpprev
;
38 jh
->b_cpprev
->b_cpnext
= jh
->b_cpnext
;
39 if (transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
== jh
) {
40 transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
= jh
->b_cpnext
;
41 if (transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
== jh
)
42 transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
= NULL
;
47 * Unlink a buffer from a transaction checkpoint(io) list.
49 * Called with j_list_lock held.
51 static inline void __buffer_unlink(struct journal_head
*jh
)
53 transaction_t
*transaction
= jh
->b_cp_transaction
;
55 __buffer_unlink_first(jh
);
56 if (transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
== jh
) {
57 transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
= jh
->b_cpnext
;
58 if (transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
== jh
)
59 transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
= NULL
;
64 * Move a buffer from the checkpoint list to the checkpoint io list
66 * Called with j_list_lock held
68 static inline void __buffer_relink_io(struct journal_head
*jh
)
70 transaction_t
*transaction
= jh
->b_cp_transaction
;
72 __buffer_unlink_first(jh
);
74 if (!transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
) {
75 jh
->b_cpnext
= jh
->b_cpprev
= jh
;
77 jh
->b_cpnext
= transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
;
78 jh
->b_cpprev
= transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
->b_cpprev
;
79 jh
->b_cpprev
->b_cpnext
= jh
;
80 jh
->b_cpnext
->b_cpprev
= jh
;
82 transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
= jh
;
86 * Try to release a checkpointed buffer from its transaction.
87 * Returns 1 if we released it and 2 if we also released the
90 * Requires j_list_lock
91 * Called under jbd_lock_bh_state(jh2bh(jh)), and drops it
93 static int __try_to_free_cp_buf(struct journal_head
*jh
)
96 struct buffer_head
*bh
= jh2bh(jh
);
98 if (jh
->b_jlist
== BJ_None
&& !buffer_locked(bh
) &&
99 !buffer_dirty(bh
) && !buffer_write_io_error(bh
)) {
101 * Get our reference so that bh cannot be freed before
105 JBUFFER_TRACE(jh
, "remove from checkpoint list");
106 ret
= __journal_remove_checkpoint(jh
) + 1;
107 jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh
);
108 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "release");
111 jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh
);
117 * __log_wait_for_space: wait until there is space in the journal.
119 * Called under j-state_lock *only*. It will be unlocked if we have to wait
120 * for a checkpoint to free up some space in the log.
122 void __log_wait_for_space(journal_t
*journal
)
124 int nblocks
, space_left
;
125 assert_spin_locked(&journal
->j_state_lock
);
127 nblocks
= jbd_space_needed(journal
);
128 while (__log_space_left(journal
) < nblocks
) {
129 if (journal
->j_flags
& JFS_ABORT
)
131 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_state_lock
);
132 mutex_lock(&journal
->j_checkpoint_mutex
);
135 * Test again, another process may have checkpointed while we
136 * were waiting for the checkpoint lock. If there are no
137 * transactions ready to be checkpointed, try to recover
138 * journal space by calling cleanup_journal_tail(), and if
139 * that doesn't work, by waiting for the currently committing
140 * transaction to complete. If there is absolutely no way
141 * to make progress, this is either a BUG or corrupted
142 * filesystem, so abort the journal and leave a stack
143 * trace for forensic evidence.
145 spin_lock(&journal
->j_state_lock
);
146 spin_lock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
147 nblocks
= jbd_space_needed(journal
);
148 space_left
= __log_space_left(journal
);
149 if (space_left
< nblocks
) {
150 int chkpt
= journal
->j_checkpoint_transactions
!= NULL
;
153 if (journal
->j_committing_transaction
)
154 tid
= journal
->j_committing_transaction
->t_tid
;
155 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
156 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_state_lock
);
158 log_do_checkpoint(journal
);
159 } else if (cleanup_journal_tail(journal
) == 0) {
160 /* We were able to recover space; yay! */
163 log_wait_commit(journal
, tid
);
165 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: needed %d blocks and "
166 "only had %d space available\n",
167 __func__
, nblocks
, space_left
);
168 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: no way to get more "
169 "journal space\n", __func__
);
171 journal_abort(journal
, 0);
173 spin_lock(&journal
->j_state_lock
);
175 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
177 mutex_unlock(&journal
->j_checkpoint_mutex
);
182 * We were unable to perform jbd_trylock_bh_state() inside j_list_lock.
183 * The caller must restart a list walk. Wait for someone else to run
184 * jbd_unlock_bh_state().
186 static void jbd_sync_bh(journal_t
*journal
, struct buffer_head
*bh
)
187 __releases(journal
->j_list_lock
)
190 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
191 jbd_lock_bh_state(bh
);
192 jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh
);
197 * Clean up transaction's list of buffers submitted for io.
198 * We wait for any pending IO to complete and remove any clean
199 * buffers. Note that we take the buffers in the opposite ordering
200 * from the one in which they were submitted for IO.
202 * Return 0 on success, and return <0 if some buffers have failed
205 * Called with j_list_lock held.
207 static int __wait_cp_io(journal_t
*journal
, transaction_t
*transaction
)
209 struct journal_head
*jh
;
210 struct buffer_head
*bh
;
215 this_tid
= transaction
->t_tid
;
217 /* Did somebody clean up the transaction in the meanwhile? */
218 if (journal
->j_checkpoint_transactions
!= transaction
||
219 transaction
->t_tid
!= this_tid
)
221 while (!released
&& transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
) {
222 jh
= transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
;
224 if (!jbd_trylock_bh_state(bh
)) {
225 jbd_sync_bh(journal
, bh
);
226 spin_lock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
230 if (buffer_locked(bh
)) {
231 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
232 jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh
);
234 /* the journal_head may have gone by now */
235 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "brelse");
237 spin_lock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
240 if (unlikely(buffer_write_io_error(bh
)))
244 * Now in whatever state the buffer currently is, we know that
245 * it has been written out and so we can drop it from the list
247 released
= __journal_remove_checkpoint(jh
);
248 jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh
);
258 __flush_batch(journal_t
*journal
, struct buffer_head
**bhs
, int *batch_count
)
261 struct blk_plug plug
;
263 blk_start_plug(&plug
);
264 for (i
= 0; i
< *batch_count
; i
++)
265 write_dirty_buffer(bhs
[i
], WRITE_SYNC
);
266 blk_finish_plug(&plug
);
268 for (i
= 0; i
< *batch_count
; i
++) {
269 struct buffer_head
*bh
= bhs
[i
];
270 clear_buffer_jwrite(bh
);
271 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "brelse");
278 * Try to flush one buffer from the checkpoint list to disk.
280 * Return 1 if something happened which requires us to abort the current
281 * scan of the checkpoint list. Return <0 if the buffer has failed to
284 * Called with j_list_lock held and drops it if 1 is returned
285 * Called under jbd_lock_bh_state(jh2bh(jh)), and drops it
287 static int __process_buffer(journal_t
*journal
, struct journal_head
*jh
,
288 struct buffer_head
**bhs
, int *batch_count
)
290 struct buffer_head
*bh
= jh2bh(jh
);
293 if (buffer_locked(bh
)) {
295 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
296 jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh
);
298 /* the journal_head may have gone by now */
299 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "brelse");
302 } else if (jh
->b_transaction
!= NULL
) {
303 transaction_t
*t
= jh
->b_transaction
;
304 tid_t tid
= t
->t_tid
;
306 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
307 jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh
);
308 log_start_commit(journal
, tid
);
309 log_wait_commit(journal
, tid
);
311 } else if (!buffer_dirty(bh
)) {
313 if (unlikely(buffer_write_io_error(bh
)))
316 J_ASSERT_JH(jh
, !buffer_jbddirty(bh
));
317 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "remove from checkpoint");
318 __journal_remove_checkpoint(jh
);
319 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
320 jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh
);
324 * Important: we are about to write the buffer, and
325 * possibly block, while still holding the journal lock.
326 * We cannot afford to let the transaction logic start
327 * messing around with this buffer before we write it to
328 * disk, as that would break recoverability.
330 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "queue");
332 J_ASSERT_BH(bh
, !buffer_jwrite(bh
));
333 set_buffer_jwrite(bh
);
334 bhs
[*batch_count
] = bh
;
335 __buffer_relink_io(jh
);
336 jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh
);
338 if (*batch_count
== NR_BATCH
) {
339 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
340 __flush_batch(journal
, bhs
, batch_count
);
348 * Perform an actual checkpoint. We take the first transaction on the
349 * list of transactions to be checkpointed and send all its buffers
350 * to disk. We submit larger chunks of data at once.
352 * The journal should be locked before calling this function.
353 * Called with j_checkpoint_mutex held.
355 int log_do_checkpoint(journal_t
*journal
)
357 transaction_t
*transaction
;
361 jbd_debug(1, "Start checkpoint\n");
364 * First thing: if there are any transactions in the log which
365 * don't need checkpointing, just eliminate them from the
366 * journal straight away.
368 result
= cleanup_journal_tail(journal
);
369 trace_jbd_checkpoint(journal
, result
);
370 jbd_debug(1, "cleanup_journal_tail returned %d\n", result
);
375 * OK, we need to start writing disk blocks. Take one transaction
379 spin_lock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
380 if (!journal
->j_checkpoint_transactions
)
382 transaction
= journal
->j_checkpoint_transactions
;
383 this_tid
= transaction
->t_tid
;
386 * If someone cleaned up this transaction while we slept, we're
387 * done (maybe it's a new transaction, but it fell at the same
390 if (journal
->j_checkpoint_transactions
== transaction
&&
391 transaction
->t_tid
== this_tid
) {
393 struct buffer_head
*bhs
[NR_BATCH
];
394 struct journal_head
*jh
;
397 while (!retry
&& transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
) {
398 struct buffer_head
*bh
;
400 jh
= transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
;
402 if (!jbd_trylock_bh_state(bh
)) {
403 jbd_sync_bh(journal
, bh
);
407 retry
= __process_buffer(journal
, jh
, bhs
,&batch_count
);
408 if (retry
< 0 && !result
)
410 if (!retry
&& (need_resched() ||
411 spin_needbreak(&journal
->j_list_lock
))) {
412 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
420 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
423 __flush_batch(journal
, bhs
, &batch_count
);
427 spin_lock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
431 * Now we have cleaned up the first transaction's checkpoint
432 * list. Let's clean up the second one
434 err
= __wait_cp_io(journal
, transaction
);
439 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
441 journal_abort(journal
, result
);
443 result
= cleanup_journal_tail(journal
);
445 return (result
< 0) ? result
: 0;
449 * Check the list of checkpoint transactions for the journal to see if
450 * we have already got rid of any since the last update of the log tail
451 * in the journal superblock. If so, we can instantly roll the
452 * superblock forward to remove those transactions from the log.
454 * Return <0 on error, 0 on success, 1 if there was nothing to clean up.
456 * This is the only part of the journaling code which really needs to be
457 * aware of transaction aborts. Checkpointing involves writing to the
458 * main filesystem area rather than to the journal, so it can proceed
459 * even in abort state, but we must not update the super block if
460 * checkpointing may have failed. Otherwise, we would lose some metadata
461 * buffers which should be written-back to the filesystem.
464 int cleanup_journal_tail(journal_t
*journal
)
466 transaction_t
* transaction
;
468 unsigned int blocknr
, freed
;
470 if (is_journal_aborted(journal
))
474 * OK, work out the oldest transaction remaining in the log, and
475 * the log block it starts at.
477 * If the log is now empty, we need to work out which is the
478 * next transaction ID we will write, and where it will
481 spin_lock(&journal
->j_state_lock
);
482 spin_lock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
483 transaction
= journal
->j_checkpoint_transactions
;
485 first_tid
= transaction
->t_tid
;
486 blocknr
= transaction
->t_log_start
;
487 } else if ((transaction
= journal
->j_committing_transaction
) != NULL
) {
488 first_tid
= transaction
->t_tid
;
489 blocknr
= transaction
->t_log_start
;
490 } else if ((transaction
= journal
->j_running_transaction
) != NULL
) {
491 first_tid
= transaction
->t_tid
;
492 blocknr
= journal
->j_head
;
494 first_tid
= journal
->j_transaction_sequence
;
495 blocknr
= journal
->j_head
;
497 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
498 J_ASSERT(blocknr
!= 0);
500 /* If the oldest pinned transaction is at the tail of the log
501 already then there's not much we can do right now. */
502 if (journal
->j_tail_sequence
== first_tid
) {
503 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_state_lock
);
506 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_state_lock
);
509 * We need to make sure that any blocks that were recently written out
510 * --- perhaps by log_do_checkpoint() --- are flushed out before we
511 * drop the transactions from the journal. Similarly we need to be sure
512 * superblock makes it to disk before next transaction starts reusing
513 * freed space (otherwise we could replay some blocks of the new
514 * transaction thinking they belong to the old one). So we use
515 * WRITE_FLUSH_FUA. It's unlikely this will be necessary, especially
516 * with an appropriately sized journal, but we need this to guarantee
517 * correctness. Fortunately cleanup_journal_tail() doesn't get called
520 journal_update_sb_log_tail(journal
, first_tid
, blocknr
,
523 spin_lock(&journal
->j_state_lock
);
524 /* OK, update the superblock to recover the freed space.
525 * Physical blocks come first: have we wrapped beyond the end of
527 freed
= blocknr
- journal
->j_tail
;
528 if (blocknr
< journal
->j_tail
)
529 freed
= freed
+ journal
->j_last
- journal
->j_first
;
531 trace_jbd_cleanup_journal_tail(journal
, first_tid
, blocknr
, freed
);
533 "Cleaning journal tail from %d to %d (offset %u), "
535 journal
->j_tail_sequence
, first_tid
, blocknr
, freed
);
537 journal
->j_free
+= freed
;
538 journal
->j_tail_sequence
= first_tid
;
539 journal
->j_tail
= blocknr
;
540 spin_unlock(&journal
->j_state_lock
);
545 /* Checkpoint list management */
548 * journal_clean_one_cp_list
550 * Find all the written-back checkpoint buffers in the given list and release
553 * Called with j_list_lock held.
554 * Returns number of buffers reaped (for debug)
557 static int journal_clean_one_cp_list(struct journal_head
*jh
, int *released
)
559 struct journal_head
*last_jh
;
560 struct journal_head
*next_jh
= jh
;
567 last_jh
= jh
->b_cpprev
;
570 next_jh
= jh
->b_cpnext
;
571 /* Use trylock because of the ranking */
572 if (jbd_trylock_bh_state(jh2bh(jh
))) {
573 ret
= __try_to_free_cp_buf(jh
);
583 * This function only frees up some memory
584 * if possible so we dont have an obligation
585 * to finish processing. Bail out if preemption
590 } while (jh
!= last_jh
);
596 * journal_clean_checkpoint_list
598 * Find all the written-back checkpoint buffers in the journal and release them.
600 * Called with the journal locked.
601 * Called with j_list_lock held.
602 * Returns number of buffers reaped (for debug)
605 int __journal_clean_checkpoint_list(journal_t
*journal
)
607 transaction_t
*transaction
, *last_transaction
, *next_transaction
;
611 transaction
= journal
->j_checkpoint_transactions
;
615 last_transaction
= transaction
->t_cpprev
;
616 next_transaction
= transaction
;
618 transaction
= next_transaction
;
619 next_transaction
= transaction
->t_cpnext
;
620 ret
+= journal_clean_one_cp_list(transaction
->
621 t_checkpoint_list
, &released
);
623 * This function only frees up some memory if possible so we
624 * dont have an obligation to finish processing. Bail out if
625 * preemption requested:
632 * It is essential that we are as careful as in the case of
633 * t_checkpoint_list with removing the buffer from the list as
634 * we can possibly see not yet submitted buffers on io_list
636 ret
+= journal_clean_one_cp_list(transaction
->
637 t_checkpoint_io_list
, &released
);
640 } while (transaction
!= last_transaction
);
646 * journal_remove_checkpoint: called after a buffer has been committed
647 * to disk (either by being write-back flushed to disk, or being
648 * committed to the log).
650 * We cannot safely clean a transaction out of the log until all of the
651 * buffer updates committed in that transaction have safely been stored
652 * elsewhere on disk. To achieve this, all of the buffers in a
653 * transaction need to be maintained on the transaction's checkpoint
654 * lists until they have been rewritten, at which point this function is
655 * called to remove the buffer from the existing transaction's
658 * The function returns 1 if it frees the transaction, 0 otherwise.
659 * The function can free jh and bh.
661 * This function is called with j_list_lock held.
662 * This function is called with jbd_lock_bh_state(jh2bh(jh))
665 int __journal_remove_checkpoint(struct journal_head
*jh
)
667 transaction_t
*transaction
;
671 JBUFFER_TRACE(jh
, "entry");
673 if ((transaction
= jh
->b_cp_transaction
) == NULL
) {
674 JBUFFER_TRACE(jh
, "not on transaction");
677 journal
= transaction
->t_journal
;
679 JBUFFER_TRACE(jh
, "removing from transaction");
681 jh
->b_cp_transaction
= NULL
;
682 journal_put_journal_head(jh
);
684 if (transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
!= NULL
||
685 transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
!= NULL
)
689 * There is one special case to worry about: if we have just pulled the
690 * buffer off a running or committing transaction's checkpoing list,
691 * then even if the checkpoint list is empty, the transaction obviously
694 * The locking here around t_state is a bit sleazy.
695 * See the comment at the end of journal_commit_transaction().
697 if (transaction
->t_state
!= T_FINISHED
)
700 /* OK, that was the last buffer for the transaction: we can now
701 safely remove this transaction from the log */
703 __journal_drop_transaction(journal
, transaction
);
705 /* Just in case anybody was waiting for more transactions to be
707 wake_up(&journal
->j_wait_logspace
);
714 * journal_insert_checkpoint: put a committed buffer onto a checkpoint
715 * list so that we know when it is safe to clean the transaction out of
718 * Called with the journal locked.
719 * Called with j_list_lock held.
721 void __journal_insert_checkpoint(struct journal_head
*jh
,
722 transaction_t
*transaction
)
724 JBUFFER_TRACE(jh
, "entry");
725 J_ASSERT_JH(jh
, buffer_dirty(jh2bh(jh
)) || buffer_jbddirty(jh2bh(jh
)));
726 J_ASSERT_JH(jh
, jh
->b_cp_transaction
== NULL
);
728 /* Get reference for checkpointing transaction */
729 journal_grab_journal_head(jh2bh(jh
));
730 jh
->b_cp_transaction
= transaction
;
732 if (!transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
) {
733 jh
->b_cpnext
= jh
->b_cpprev
= jh
;
735 jh
->b_cpnext
= transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
;
736 jh
->b_cpprev
= transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
->b_cpprev
;
737 jh
->b_cpprev
->b_cpnext
= jh
;
738 jh
->b_cpnext
->b_cpprev
= jh
;
740 transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
= jh
;
744 * We've finished with this transaction structure: adios...
746 * The transaction must have no links except for the checkpoint by this
749 * Called with the journal locked.
750 * Called with j_list_lock held.
753 void __journal_drop_transaction(journal_t
*journal
, transaction_t
*transaction
)
755 assert_spin_locked(&journal
->j_list_lock
);
756 if (transaction
->t_cpnext
) {
757 transaction
->t_cpnext
->t_cpprev
= transaction
->t_cpprev
;
758 transaction
->t_cpprev
->t_cpnext
= transaction
->t_cpnext
;
759 if (journal
->j_checkpoint_transactions
== transaction
)
760 journal
->j_checkpoint_transactions
=
761 transaction
->t_cpnext
;
762 if (journal
->j_checkpoint_transactions
== transaction
)
763 journal
->j_checkpoint_transactions
= NULL
;
766 J_ASSERT(transaction
->t_state
== T_FINISHED
);
767 J_ASSERT(transaction
->t_buffers
== NULL
);
768 J_ASSERT(transaction
->t_sync_datalist
== NULL
);
769 J_ASSERT(transaction
->t_forget
== NULL
);
770 J_ASSERT(transaction
->t_iobuf_list
== NULL
);
771 J_ASSERT(transaction
->t_shadow_list
== NULL
);
772 J_ASSERT(transaction
->t_log_list
== NULL
);
773 J_ASSERT(transaction
->t_checkpoint_list
== NULL
);
774 J_ASSERT(transaction
->t_checkpoint_io_list
== NULL
);
775 J_ASSERT(transaction
->t_updates
== 0);
776 J_ASSERT(journal
->j_committing_transaction
!= transaction
);
777 J_ASSERT(journal
->j_running_transaction
!= transaction
);
779 trace_jbd_drop_transaction(journal
, transaction
);
780 jbd_debug(1, "Dropping transaction %d, all done\n", transaction
->t_tid
);