8 struct completion unloaded;
14 int (*probe) (struct device * dev);
15 int (*remove) (struct device * dev);
17 int (*suspend) (struct device * dev, pm_message_t state);
18 int (*resume) (struct device * dev);
26 Device drivers are statically allocated structures. Though there may
27 be multiple devices in a system that a driver supports, struct
28 device_driver represents the driver as a whole (not a particular
34 The driver must initialize at least the name and bus fields. It should
35 also initialize the devclass field (when it arrives), so it may obtain
36 the proper linkage internally. It should also initialize as many of
37 the callbacks as possible, though each is optional.
42 As stated above, struct device_driver objects are statically
43 allocated. Below is an example declaration of the eepro100
44 driver. This declaration is hypothetical only; it relies on the driver
45 being converted completely to the new model.
47 static struct device_driver eepro100_driver = {
51 .probe = eepro100_probe,
52 .remove = eepro100_remove,
53 .suspend = eepro100_suspend,
54 .resume = eepro100_resume,
57 Most drivers will not be able to be converted completely to the new
58 model because the bus they belong to has a bus-specific structure with
59 bus-specific fields that cannot be generalized.
61 The most common example of this are device ID structures. A driver
62 typically defines an array of device IDs that it supports. The format
63 of these structures and the semantics for comparing device IDs are
64 completely bus-specific. Defining them as bus-specific entities would
65 sacrifice type-safety, so we keep bus-specific structures around.
67 Bus-specific drivers should include a generic struct device_driver in
68 the definition of the bus-specific driver. Like this:
71 const struct pci_device_id *id_table;
72 struct device_driver driver;
75 A definition that included bus-specific fields would look like
76 (using the eepro100 driver again):
78 static struct pci_driver eepro100_driver = {
79 .id_table = eepro100_pci_tbl,
83 .probe = eepro100_probe,
84 .remove = eepro100_remove,
85 .suspend = eepro100_suspend,
86 .resume = eepro100_resume,
90 Some may find the syntax of embedded struct initialization awkward or
91 even a bit ugly. So far, it's the best way we've found to do what we want...
96 int driver_register(struct device_driver * drv);
98 The driver registers the structure on startup. For drivers that have
99 no bus-specific fields (i.e. don't have a bus-specific driver
100 structure), they would use driver_register and pass a pointer to their
101 struct device_driver object.
103 Most drivers, however, will have a bus-specific structure and will
104 need to register with the bus using something like pci_driver_register.
106 It is important that drivers register their driver structure as early as
107 possible. Registration with the core initializes several fields in the
108 struct device_driver object, including the reference count and the
109 lock. These fields are assumed to be valid at all times and may be
110 used by the device model core or the bus driver.
113 Transition Bus Drivers
114 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
116 By defining wrapper functions, the transition to the new model can be
117 made easier. Drivers can ignore the generic structure altogether and
118 let the bus wrapper fill in the fields. For the callbacks, the bus can
119 define generic callbacks that forward the call to the bus-specific
120 callbacks of the drivers.
122 This solution is intended to be only temporary. In order to get class
123 information in the driver, the drivers must be modified anyway. Since
124 converting drivers to the new model should reduce some infrastructural
125 complexity and code size, it is recommended that they are converted as
126 class information is added.
131 Once the object has been registered, it may access the common fields of
132 the object, like the lock and the list of devices.
134 int driver_for_each_dev(struct device_driver * drv, void * data,
135 int (*callback)(struct device * dev, void * data));
137 The devices field is a list of all the devices that have been bound to
138 the driver. The LDM core provides a helper function to operate on all
139 the devices a driver controls. This helper locks the driver on each
140 node access, and does proper reference counting on each device as it
147 When a driver is registered, a sysfs directory is created in its
148 bus's directory. In this directory, the driver can export an interface
149 to userspace to control operation of the driver on a global basis;
150 e.g. toggling debugging output in the driver.
152 A future feature of this directory will be a 'devices' directory. This
153 directory will contain symlinks to the directories of devices it
161 int (*probe) (struct device * dev);
163 The probe() entry is called in task context, with the bus's rwsem locked
164 and the driver partially bound to the device. Drivers commonly use
165 container_of() to convert "dev" to a bus-specific type, both in probe()
166 and other routines. That type often provides device resource data, such
167 as pci_dev.resource[] or platform_device.resources, which is used in
168 addition to dev->platform_data to initialize the driver.
170 This callback holds the driver-specific logic to bind the driver to a
171 given device. That includes verifying that the device is present, that
172 it's a version the driver can handle, that driver data structures can
173 be allocated and initialized, and that any hardware can be initialized.
174 Drivers often store a pointer to their state with dev_set_drvdata().
175 When the driver has successfully bound itself to that device, then probe()
176 returns zero and the driver model code will finish its part of binding
177 the driver to that device.
179 A driver's probe() may return a negative errno value to indicate that
180 the driver did not bind to this device, in which case it should have
181 released all resources it allocated.
183 int (*remove) (struct device * dev);
185 remove is called to unbind a driver from a device. This may be
186 called if a device is physically removed from the system, if the
187 driver module is being unloaded, during a reboot sequence, or
190 It is up to the driver to determine if the device is present or
191 not. It should free any resources allocated specifically for the
192 device; i.e. anything in the device's driver_data field.
194 If the device is still present, it should quiesce the device and place
195 it into a supported low-power state.
197 int (*suspend) (struct device * dev, pm_message_t state);
199 suspend is called to put the device in a low power state.
201 int (*resume) (struct device * dev);
203 Resume is used to bring a device back from a low power state.
208 struct driver_attribute {
209 struct attribute attr;
210 ssize_t (*show)(struct device_driver *driver, char *buf);
211 ssize_t (*store)(struct device_driver *, const char * buf, size_t count);
214 Device drivers can export attributes via their sysfs directories.
215 Drivers can declare attributes using a DRIVER_ATTR macro that works
216 identically to the DEVICE_ATTR macro.
220 DRIVER_ATTR(debug,0644,show_debug,store_debug);
222 This is equivalent to declaring:
224 struct driver_attribute driver_attr_debug;
226 This can then be used to add and remove the attribute from the
227 driver's directory using:
229 int driver_create_file(struct device_driver *, struct driver_attribute *);
230 void driver_remove_file(struct device_driver *, struct driver_attribute *);