1 Naming and data format standards for sysfs files
2 ------------------------------------------------
4 The libsensors library offers an interface to the raw sensors data
5 through the sysfs interface. Since lm-sensors 3.0.0, libsensors is
6 completely chip-independent. It assumes that all the kernel drivers
7 implement the standard sysfs interface described in this document.
8 This makes adding or updating support for any given chip very easy, as
9 libsensors, and applications using it, do not need to be modified.
10 This is a major improvement compared to lm-sensors 2.
12 Note that motherboards vary widely in the connections to sensor chips.
13 There is no standard that ensures, for example, that the second
14 temperature sensor is connected to the CPU, or that the second fan is on
15 the CPU. Also, some values reported by the chips need some computation
16 before they make full sense. For example, most chips can only measure
17 voltages between 0 and +4V. Other voltages are scaled back into that
18 range using external resistors. Since the values of these resistors
19 can change from motherboard to motherboard, the conversions cannot be
20 hard coded into the driver and have to be done in user space.
22 For this reason, even if we aim at a chip-independent libsensors, it will
23 still require a configuration file (e.g. /etc/sensors.conf) for proper
24 values conversion, labeling of inputs and hiding of unused inputs.
26 An alternative method that some programs use is to access the sysfs
27 files directly. This document briefly describes the standards that the
28 drivers follow, so that an application program can scan for entries and
29 access this data in a simple and consistent way. That said, such programs
30 will have to implement conversion, labeling and hiding of inputs. For
31 this reason, it is still not recommended to bypass the library.
33 Each chip gets its own directory in the sysfs /sys/devices tree. To
34 find all sensor chips, it is easier to follow the device symlinks from
35 /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*.
37 Up to lm-sensors 3.0.0, libsensors looks for hardware monitoring attributes
38 in the "physical" device directory. Since lm-sensors 3.0.1, attributes found
39 in the hwmon "class" device directory are also supported. Complex drivers
40 (e.g. drivers for multifunction chips) may want to use this possibility to
41 avoid namespace pollution. The only drawback will be that older versions of
42 libsensors won't support the driver in question.
44 All sysfs values are fixed point numbers.
46 There is only one value per file, unlike the older /proc specification.
47 The common scheme for files naming is: <type><number>_<item>. Usual
48 types for sensor chips are "in" (voltage), "temp" (temperature) and
49 "fan" (fan). Usual items are "input" (measured value), "max" (high
50 threshold, "min" (low threshold). Numbering usually starts from 1,
51 except for voltages which start from 0 (because most data sheets use
52 this). A number is always used for elements that can be present more
53 than once, even if there is a single element of the given type on the
54 specific chip. Other files do not refer to a specific element, so
55 they have a simple name, and no number.
57 Alarms are direct indications read from the chips. The drivers do NOT
58 make comparisons of readings to thresholds. This allows violations
59 between readings to be caught and alarmed. The exact definition of an
60 alarm (for example, whether a threshold must be met or must be exceeded
61 to cause an alarm) is chip-dependent.
63 When setting values of hwmon sysfs attributes, the string representation of
64 the desired value must be written, note that strings which are not a number
65 are interpreted as 0! For more on how written strings are interpreted see the
66 "sysfs attribute writes interpretation" section at the end of this file.
68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
70 [0-*] denotes any positive number starting from 0
71 [1-*] denotes any positive number starting from 1
76 Read/write values may be read-only for some chips, depending on the
77 hardware implementation.
79 All entries (except name) are optional, and should only be created in a
80 given driver if the chip has the feature.
88 This should be a short, lowercase string, not containing
89 spaces nor dashes, representing the chip name. This is
90 the only mandatory attribute.
91 I2C devices get this attribute created automatically.
94 update_rate The rate at which the chip will update readings.
97 Some devices have a variable update rate. This attribute
98 can be used to change the update rate to the desired
106 in[0-*]_min Voltage min value.
110 in[0-*]_lcrit Voltage critical min value.
113 If voltage drops to or below this limit, the system may
114 take drastic action such as power down or reset. At the very
115 least, it should report a fault.
117 in[0-*]_max Voltage max value.
121 in[0-*]_crit Voltage critical max value.
124 If voltage reaches or exceeds this limit, the system may
125 take drastic action such as power down or reset. At the very
126 least, it should report a fault.
128 in[0-*]_input Voltage input value.
131 Voltage measured on the chip pin.
132 Actual voltage depends on the scaling resistors on the
133 motherboard, as recommended in the chip datasheet.
134 This varies by chip and by motherboard.
135 Because of this variation, values are generally NOT scaled
136 by the chip driver, and must be done by the application.
137 However, some drivers (notably lm87 and via686a)
138 do scale, because of internal resistors built into a chip.
139 These drivers will output the actual voltage. Rule of
140 thumb: drivers should report the voltage values at the
143 in[0-*]_label Suggested voltage channel label.
145 Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
146 this voltage channel is being used for, and user-space
147 doesn't. In all other cases, the label is provided by
151 cpu[0-*]_vid CPU core reference voltage.
156 vrm Voltage Regulator Module version number.
157 RW (but changing it should no more be necessary)
158 Originally the VRM standard version multiplied by 10, but now
159 an arbitrary number, as not all standards have a version
161 Affects the way the driver calculates the CPU core reference
162 voltage from the vid pins.
164 Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with voltages.
171 fan[1-*]_min Fan minimum value
172 Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
175 fan[1-*]_max Fan maximum value
176 Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
177 Only rarely supported by the hardware.
180 fan[1-*]_input Fan input value.
181 Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
184 fan[1-*]_div Fan divisor.
185 Integer value in powers of two (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128).
187 Some chips only support values 1, 2, 4 and 8.
188 Note that this is actually an internal clock divisor, which
189 affects the measurable speed range, not the read value.
193 Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
195 Only makes sense if the chip supports closed-loop fan speed
196 control based on the measured fan speed.
198 fan[1-*]_label Suggested fan channel label.
200 Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
201 this fan channel is being used for, and user-space doesn't.
202 In all other cases, the label is provided by user-space.
205 Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with fans.
212 pwm[1-*] Pulse width modulation fan control.
213 Integer value in the range 0 to 255
218 Fan speed control method:
219 0: no fan speed control (i.e. fan at full speed)
220 1: manual fan speed control enabled (using pwm[1-*])
221 2+: automatic fan speed control enabled
222 Check individual chip documentation files for automatic mode
226 pwm[1-*]_mode 0: DC mode (direct current)
227 1: PWM mode (pulse-width modulation)
230 pwm[1-*]_freq Base PWM frequency in Hz.
231 Only possibly available when pwmN_mode is PWM, but not always
235 pwm[1-*]_auto_channels_temp
236 Select which temperature channels affect this PWM output in
237 auto mode. Bitfield, 1 is temp1, 2 is temp2, 4 is temp3 etc...
238 Which values are possible depend on the chip used.
241 pwm[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_pwm
242 pwm[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp
243 pwm[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp_hyst
244 Define the PWM vs temperature curve. Number of trip points is
245 chip-dependent. Use this for chips which associate trip points
246 to PWM output channels.
249 temp[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_pwm
250 temp[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp
251 temp[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp_hyst
252 Define the PWM vs temperature curve. Number of trip points is
253 chip-dependent. Use this for chips which associate trip points
254 to temperature channels.
257 There is a third case where trip points are associated to both PWM output
258 channels and temperature channels: the PWM values are associated to PWM
259 output channels while the temperature values are associated to temperature
260 channels. In that case, the result is determined by the mapping between
261 temperature inputs and PWM outputs. When several temperature inputs are
262 mapped to a given PWM output, this leads to several candidate PWM values.
263 The actual result is up to the chip, but in general the highest candidate
264 value (fastest fan speed) wins.
271 temp[1-*]_type Sensor type selection.
280 Not all types are supported by all chips
282 temp[1-*]_max Temperature max value.
283 Unit: millidegree Celsius (or millivolt, see below)
286 temp[1-*]_min Temperature min value.
287 Unit: millidegree Celsius
291 Temperature hysteresis value for max limit.
292 Unit: millidegree Celsius
293 Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
297 temp[1-*]_input Temperature input value.
298 Unit: millidegree Celsius
301 temp[1-*]_crit Temperature critical max value, typically greater than
302 corresponding temp_max values.
303 Unit: millidegree Celsius
307 Temperature hysteresis value for critical limit.
308 Unit: millidegree Celsius
309 Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
310 from the critical value.
313 temp[1-*]_lcrit Temperature critical min value, typically lower than
314 corresponding temp_min values.
315 Unit: millidegree Celsius
319 Temperature offset which is added to the temperature reading
321 Unit: millidegree Celsius
324 temp[1-*]_label Suggested temperature channel label.
326 Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
327 this temperature channel is being used for, and user-space
328 doesn't. In all other cases, the label is provided by
333 Historical minimum temperature
334 Unit: millidegree Celsius
338 Historical maximum temperature
339 Unit: millidegree Celsius
342 temp[1-*]_reset_history
343 Reset temp_lowest and temp_highest
347 Reset temp_lowest and temp_highest for all sensors
350 Some chips measure temperature using external thermistors and an ADC, and
351 report the temperature measurement as a voltage. Converting this voltage
352 back to a temperature (or the other way around for limits) requires
353 mathematical functions not available in the kernel, so the conversion
354 must occur in user space. For these chips, all temp* files described
355 above should contain values expressed in millivolt instead of millidegree
356 Celsius. In other words, such temperature channels are handled as voltage
357 channels by the driver.
359 Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with temperatures.
366 curr[1-*]_max Current max value
370 curr[1-*]_min Current min value.
374 curr[1-*]_input Current input value
382 power[1-*]_average Average power use
386 power[1-*]_average_interval Power use averaging interval. A poll
387 notification is sent to this file if the
388 hardware changes the averaging interval.
392 power[1-*]_average_interval_max Maximum power use averaging interval
396 power[1-*]_average_interval_min Minimum power use averaging interval
400 power[1-*]_average_highest Historical average maximum power use
404 power[1-*]_average_lowest Historical average minimum power use
408 power[1-*]_average_max A poll notification is sent to
409 power[1-*]_average when power use
410 rises above this value.
414 power[1-*]_average_min A poll notification is sent to
415 power[1-*]_average when power use
416 sinks below this value.
420 power[1-*]_input Instantaneous power use
424 power[1-*]_input_highest Historical maximum power use
428 power[1-*]_input_lowest Historical minimum power use
432 power[1-*]_reset_history Reset input_highest, input_lowest,
433 average_highest and average_lowest.
436 power[1-*]_accuracy Accuracy of the power meter.
440 power[1-*]_alarm 1 if the system is drawing more power than the
441 cap allows; 0 otherwise. A poll notification is
442 sent to this file when the power use exceeds the
443 cap. This file only appears if the cap is known
444 to be enforced by hardware.
447 power[1-*]_cap If power use rises above this limit, the
448 system should take action to reduce power use.
449 A poll notification is sent to this file if the
450 cap is changed by the hardware. The *_cap
451 files only appear if the cap is known to be
452 enforced by hardware.
456 power[1-*]_cap_hyst Margin of hysteresis built around capping and
461 power[1-*]_cap_max Maximum cap that can be set.
465 power[1-*]_cap_min Minimum cap that can be set.
473 energy[1-*]_input Cumulative energy use
482 Each channel or limit may have an associated alarm file, containing a
483 boolean value. 1 means than an alarm condition exists, 0 means no alarm.
485 Usually a given chip will either use channel-related alarms, or
486 limit-related alarms, not both. The driver should just reflect the hardware
514 Each input channel may have an associated fault file. This can be used
515 to notify open diodes, unconnected fans etc. where the hardware
516 supports it. When this boolean has value 1, the measurement for that
517 channel should not be trusted.
521 Input fault condition
526 Some chips also offer the possibility to get beeped when an alarm occurs:
528 beep_enable Master beep enable
542 In theory, a chip could provide per-limit beep masking, but no such chip
545 Old drivers provided a different, non-standard interface to alarms and
546 beeps. These interface files are deprecated, but will be kept around
547 for compatibility reasons:
549 alarms Alarm bitmask.
551 Integer representation of one to four bytes.
552 A '1' bit means an alarm.
553 Chips should be programmed for 'comparator' mode so that
554 the alarm will 'come back' after you read the register
555 if it is still valid.
556 Generally a direct representation of a chip's internal
557 alarm registers; there is no standard for the position
558 of individual bits. For this reason, the use of this
559 interface file for new drivers is discouraged. Use
560 individual *_alarm and *_fault files instead.
561 Bits are defined in kernel/include/sensors.h.
563 beep_mask Bitmask for beep.
564 Same format as 'alarms' with the same bit locations,
565 use discouraged for the same reason. Use individual
566 *_beep files instead.
570 ***********************
571 * Intrusion detection *
572 ***********************
575 Chassis intrusion detection
577 1: intrusion detected
579 Contrary to regular alarm flags which clear themselves
580 automatically when read, this one sticks until cleared by
581 the user. This is done by writing 0 to the file. Writing
582 other values is unsupported.
585 Chassis intrusion beep
591 sysfs attribute writes interpretation
592 -------------------------------------
594 hwmon sysfs attributes always contain numbers, so the first thing to do is to
595 convert the input to a number, there are 2 ways todo this depending whether
596 the number can be negative or not:
597 unsigned long u = simple_strtoul(buf, NULL, 10);
598 long s = simple_strtol(buf, NULL, 10);
600 With buf being the buffer with the user input being passed by the kernel.
601 Notice that we do not use the second argument of strto[u]l, and thus cannot
602 tell when 0 is returned, if this was really 0 or is caused by invalid input.
603 This is done deliberately as checking this everywhere would add a lot of
606 Notice that it is important to always store the converted value in an
607 unsigned long or long, so that no wrap around can happen before any further
610 After the input string is converted to an (unsigned) long, the value should be
611 checked if its acceptable. Be careful with further conversions on the value
612 before checking it for validity, as these conversions could still cause a wrap
613 around before the check. For example do not multiply the result, and only
614 add/subtract if it has been divided before the add/subtract.
616 What to do if a value is found to be invalid, depends on the type of the
617 sysfs attribute that is being set. If it is a continuous setting like a
618 tempX_max or inX_max attribute, then the value should be clamped to its
619 limits using SENSORS_LIMIT(value, min_limit, max_limit). If it is not
620 continuous like for example a tempX_type, then when an invalid value is
621 written, -EINVAL should be returned.
623 Example1, temp1_max, register is a signed 8 bit value (-128 - 127 degrees):
625 long v = simple_strtol(buf, NULL, 10) / 1000;
626 v = SENSORS_LIMIT(v, -128, 127);
627 /* write v to register */
629 Example2, fan divider setting, valid values 2, 4 and 8:
631 unsigned long v = simple_strtoul(buf, NULL, 10);
634 case 2: v = 1; break;
635 case 4: v = 2; break;
636 case 8: v = 3; break;
640 /* write v to register */