2 BCM43xx Linux Driver Project
3 ============================
8 Many of the wireless devices found in modern notebook computers are
9 based on the wireless chips produced by Broadcom. These devices have
10 been a problem for Linux users as there is no open-source driver
11 available. In addition, Broadcom has not released specifications
12 for the device, and driver availability has been limited to the
13 binary-only form used in the GPL versions of AP hardware such as the
14 Linksys WRT54G, and the Windows and OS X drivers. Before this project
15 began, the only way to use these devices were to use the Windows or
16 OS X drivers with either the Linuxant or ndiswrapper modules. There
17 is a strong penalty if this method is used as loading the binary-only
18 module "taints" the kernel, and no kernel developer will help diagnose
24 This driver has been developed using
25 a clean-room technique that is described at
26 http://bcm-specs.sipsolutions.net/ReverseEngineeringProcess. For legal
27 reasons, none of the clean-room crew works on the on the Linux driver,
28 and none of the Linux developers sees anything but the specifications,
29 which are the ultimate product of the reverse-engineering group.
34 Since the release of the 2.6.17 kernel, the bcm43xx driver has been
35 distributed with the kernel source, and is prebuilt in most, if not
36 all, distributions. There is, however, additional software that is
37 required. The firmware used by the chip is the intellectual property
38 of Broadcom and they have not given the bcm43xx team redistribution
39 rights to this firmware. Since we cannot legally redistribute
40 the firwmare we cannot include it with the driver. Furthermore, it
41 cannot be placed in the downloadable archives of any distributing
42 organization; therefore, the user is responsible for obtaining the
43 firmware and placing it in the appropriate location so that the driver
44 can find it when initializing.
46 To help with this process, the bcm43xx developers provide a separate
47 program named bcm43xx-fwcutter to "cut" the firmware out of a
48 Windows or OS X driver and write the extracted files to the proper
49 location. This program is usually provided with the distribution;
50 however, it may be downloaded from
52 http://developer.berlios.de/project/showfiles.php?group_id=4547
54 The firmware is available in two versions. V3 firmware is used with
55 the in-kernel bcm43xx driver that uses a software MAC layer called
56 SoftMAC, and will have a microcode revision of 0x127 or smaller. The
57 V4 firmware is used by an out-of-kernel driver employing a variation of
58 the Devicescape MAC layer known as d80211. Once bcm43xx-d80211 reaches
59 a satisfactory level of development, it will replace bcm43xx-softmac
60 in the kernel as it is much more flexible and powerful.
62 A source for the latest V3 firmware is
64 http://downloads.openwrt.org/sources/wl_apsta-3.130.20.0.o
66 Once this file is downloaded, the command
67 'bcm43xx-fwcutter -w <dir> <filename>'
68 will extract the microcode and write it to directory
69 <dir>. The correct directory will depend on your distribution;
70 however, most use '/lib/firmware'. Once this step is completed,
71 the bcm3xx driver should load when the system is booted. To see
72 any messages relating to the driver, issue the command 'dmesg |
73 grep bcm43xx' from a terminal window. If there are any problems,
74 please send that output to Bcm43xx-dev@lists.berlios.de.
76 Although the driver has been in-kernel since 2.6.17, the earliest
77 version is quite limited in its capability. Patches that include
78 all features of later versions are available for the stable kernel
79 versions from 2.6.18. These will be needed if you use a BCM4318,
80 or a PCI Express version (BCM4311 and BCM4312). In addition, if you
81 have an early BCM4306 and more than 1 GB RAM, your kernel will need
82 to be patched. These patches, which are being updated regularly,
83 are available at ftp://lwfinger.dynalias.org/patches. Look for
84 combined_2.6.YY.patch. Of course you will need kernel source downloaded
85 from kernel.org, or the source from your distribution.
87 If you build your own kernel, please enable CONFIG_BCM43XX_DEBUG
88 and CONFIG_IEEE80211_SOFTMAC_DEBUG. The log information provided is
89 essential for solving any problems.