4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 /* vsprintf.c -- Lars Wirzenius & Linus Torvalds. */
9 * Wirzenius wrote this portably, Torvalds fucked it up :-)
13 * Fri Jul 13 2001 Crutcher Dunnavant <crutcher+kernel@datastacks.com>
14 * - changed to provide snprintf and vsnprintf functions
15 * So Feb 1 16:51:32 CET 2004 Juergen Quade <quade@hsnr.de>
16 * - scnprintf and vscnprintf
20 #include <linux/module.h>
21 #include <linux/types.h>
22 #include <linux/string.h>
23 #include <linux/ctype.h>
24 #include <linux/kernel.h>
25 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
26 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
27 #include <linux/ioport.h>
28 #include <net/addrconf.h>
30 #include <asm/page.h> /* for PAGE_SIZE */
31 #include <asm/div64.h>
32 #include <asm/sections.h> /* for dereference_function_descriptor() */
34 /* Works only for digits and letters, but small and fast */
35 #define TOLOWER(x) ((x) | 0x20)
37 static unsigned int simple_guess_base(const char *cp
)
40 if (TOLOWER(cp
[1]) == 'x' && isxdigit(cp
[2]))
50 * simple_strtoul - convert a string to an unsigned long
51 * @cp: The start of the string
52 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
53 * @base: The number base to use
55 unsigned long simple_strtoul(const char *cp
, char **endp
, unsigned int base
)
57 unsigned long result
= 0;
60 base
= simple_guess_base(cp
);
62 if (base
== 16 && cp
[0] == '0' && TOLOWER(cp
[1]) == 'x')
65 while (isxdigit(*cp
)) {
68 value
= isdigit(*cp
) ? *cp
- '0' : TOLOWER(*cp
) - 'a' + 10;
71 result
= result
* base
+ value
;
79 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtoul
);
82 * simple_strtol - convert a string to a signed long
83 * @cp: The start of the string
84 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
85 * @base: The number base to use
87 long simple_strtol(const char *cp
, char **endp
, unsigned int base
)
90 return -simple_strtoul(cp
+ 1, endp
, base
);
92 return simple_strtoul(cp
, endp
, base
);
94 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtol
);
97 * simple_strtoull - convert a string to an unsigned long long
98 * @cp: The start of the string
99 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
100 * @base: The number base to use
102 unsigned long long simple_strtoull(const char *cp
, char **endp
, unsigned int base
)
104 unsigned long long result
= 0;
107 base
= simple_guess_base(cp
);
109 if (base
== 16 && cp
[0] == '0' && TOLOWER(cp
[1]) == 'x')
112 while (isxdigit(*cp
)) {
115 value
= isdigit(*cp
) ? *cp
- '0' : TOLOWER(*cp
) - 'a' + 10;
118 result
= result
* base
+ value
;
126 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_strtoull
);
129 * simple_strtoll - convert a string to a signed long long
130 * @cp: The start of the string
131 * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here
132 * @base: The number base to use
134 long long simple_strtoll(const char *cp
, char **endp
, unsigned int base
)
137 return -simple_strtoull(cp
+ 1, endp
, base
);
139 return simple_strtoull(cp
, endp
, base
);
143 * strict_strtoul - convert a string to an unsigned long strictly
144 * @cp: The string to be converted
145 * @base: The number base to use
146 * @res: The converted result value
148 * strict_strtoul converts a string to an unsigned long only if the
149 * string is really an unsigned long string, any string containing
150 * any invalid char at the tail will be rejected and -EINVAL is returned,
151 * only a newline char at the tail is acceptible because people generally
152 * change a module parameter in the following way:
154 * echo 1024 > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
156 * echo will append a newline to the tail.
158 * It returns 0 if conversion is successful and *res is set to the converted
159 * value, otherwise it returns -EINVAL and *res is set to 0.
161 * simple_strtoul just ignores the successive invalid characters and
162 * return the converted value of prefix part of the string.
164 int strict_strtoul(const char *cp
, unsigned int base
, unsigned long *res
)
175 val
= simple_strtoul(cp
, &tail
, base
);
179 if ((*tail
== '\0') ||
180 ((len
== (size_t)(tail
- cp
) + 1) && (*tail
== '\n'))) {
187 EXPORT_SYMBOL(strict_strtoul
);
190 * strict_strtol - convert a string to a long strictly
191 * @cp: The string to be converted
192 * @base: The number base to use
193 * @res: The converted result value
195 * strict_strtol is similiar to strict_strtoul, but it allows the first
196 * character of a string is '-'.
198 * It returns 0 if conversion is successful and *res is set to the converted
199 * value, otherwise it returns -EINVAL and *res is set to 0.
201 int strict_strtol(const char *cp
, unsigned int base
, long *res
)
205 ret
= strict_strtoul(cp
+ 1, base
, (unsigned long *)res
);
209 ret
= strict_strtoul(cp
, base
, (unsigned long *)res
);
214 EXPORT_SYMBOL(strict_strtol
);
217 * strict_strtoull - convert a string to an unsigned long long strictly
218 * @cp: The string to be converted
219 * @base: The number base to use
220 * @res: The converted result value
222 * strict_strtoull converts a string to an unsigned long long only if the
223 * string is really an unsigned long long string, any string containing
224 * any invalid char at the tail will be rejected and -EINVAL is returned,
225 * only a newline char at the tail is acceptible because people generally
226 * change a module parameter in the following way:
228 * echo 1024 > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
230 * echo will append a newline to the tail of the string.
232 * It returns 0 if conversion is successful and *res is set to the converted
233 * value, otherwise it returns -EINVAL and *res is set to 0.
235 * simple_strtoull just ignores the successive invalid characters and
236 * return the converted value of prefix part of the string.
238 int strict_strtoull(const char *cp
, unsigned int base
, unsigned long long *res
)
241 unsigned long long val
;
249 val
= simple_strtoull(cp
, &tail
, base
);
252 if ((*tail
== '\0') ||
253 ((len
== (size_t)(tail
- cp
) + 1) && (*tail
== '\n'))) {
260 EXPORT_SYMBOL(strict_strtoull
);
263 * strict_strtoll - convert a string to a long long strictly
264 * @cp: The string to be converted
265 * @base: The number base to use
266 * @res: The converted result value
268 * strict_strtoll is similiar to strict_strtoull, but it allows the first
269 * character of a string is '-'.
271 * It returns 0 if conversion is successful and *res is set to the converted
272 * value, otherwise it returns -EINVAL and *res is set to 0.
274 int strict_strtoll(const char *cp
, unsigned int base
, long long *res
)
278 ret
= strict_strtoull(cp
+ 1, base
, (unsigned long long *)res
);
282 ret
= strict_strtoull(cp
, base
, (unsigned long long *)res
);
287 EXPORT_SYMBOL(strict_strtoll
);
289 static int skip_atoi(const char **s
)
294 i
= i
*10 + *((*s
)++) - '0';
299 /* Decimal conversion is by far the most typical, and is used
300 * for /proc and /sys data. This directly impacts e.g. top performance
301 * with many processes running. We optimize it for speed
303 * http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/bcd/decimal.html
304 * (with permission from the author, Douglas W. Jones). */
306 /* Formats correctly any integer in [0,99999].
307 * Outputs from one to five digits depending on input.
308 * On i386 gcc 4.1.2 -O2: ~250 bytes of code. */
309 static char *put_dec_trunc(char *buf
, unsigned q
)
311 unsigned d3
, d2
, d1
, d0
;
316 d0
= 6*(d3
+ d2
+ d1
) + (q
& 0xf);
317 q
= (d0
* 0xcd) >> 11;
319 *buf
++ = d0
+ '0'; /* least significant digit */
320 d1
= q
+ 9*d3
+ 5*d2
+ d1
;
322 q
= (d1
* 0xcd) >> 11;
324 *buf
++ = d1
+ '0'; /* next digit */
327 if ((d2
!= 0) || (d3
!= 0)) {
330 *buf
++ = d2
+ '0'; /* next digit */
334 q
= (d3
* 0xcd) >> 11;
336 *buf
++ = d3
+ '0'; /* next digit */
338 *buf
++ = q
+ '0'; /* most sign. digit */
345 /* Same with if's removed. Always emits five digits */
346 static char *put_dec_full(char *buf
, unsigned q
)
348 /* BTW, if q is in [0,9999], 8-bit ints will be enough, */
349 /* but anyway, gcc produces better code with full-sized ints */
350 unsigned d3
, d2
, d1
, d0
;
356 * Possible ways to approx. divide by 10
357 * gcc -O2 replaces multiply with shifts and adds
358 * (x * 0xcd) >> 11: 11001101 - shorter code than * 0x67 (on i386)
359 * (x * 0x67) >> 10: 1100111
360 * (x * 0x34) >> 9: 110100 - same
361 * (x * 0x1a) >> 8: 11010 - same
362 * (x * 0x0d) >> 7: 1101 - same, shortest code (on i386)
364 d0
= 6*(d3
+ d2
+ d1
) + (q
& 0xf);
365 q
= (d0
* 0xcd) >> 11;
368 d1
= q
+ 9*d3
+ 5*d2
+ d1
;
369 q
= (d1
* 0xcd) >> 11;
379 q
= (d3
* 0xcd) >> 11; /* - shorter code */
380 /* q = (d3 * 0x67) >> 10; - would also work */
387 /* No inlining helps gcc to use registers better */
388 static noinline
char *put_dec(char *buf
, unsigned long long num
)
393 return put_dec_trunc(buf
, num
);
394 rem
= do_div(num
, 100000);
395 buf
= put_dec_full(buf
, rem
);
399 #define ZEROPAD 1 /* pad with zero */
400 #define SIGN 2 /* unsigned/signed long */
401 #define PLUS 4 /* show plus */
402 #define SPACE 8 /* space if plus */
403 #define LEFT 16 /* left justified */
404 #define SMALL 32 /* Must be 32 == 0x20 */
405 #define SPECIAL 64 /* 0x */
408 FORMAT_TYPE_NONE
, /* Just a string part */
410 FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION
,
414 FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR
,
416 FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG
,
431 enum format_type type
;
432 int flags
; /* flags to number() */
433 int field_width
; /* width of output field */
435 int precision
; /* # of digits/chars */
439 static char *number(char *buf
, char *end
, unsigned long long num
,
440 struct printf_spec spec
)
442 /* we are called with base 8, 10 or 16, only, thus don't need "G..." */
443 static const char digits
[16] = "0123456789ABCDEF"; /* "GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; */
448 int need_pfx
= ((spec
.flags
& SPECIAL
) && spec
.base
!= 10);
451 /* locase = 0 or 0x20. ORing digits or letters with 'locase'
452 * produces same digits or (maybe lowercased) letters */
453 locase
= (spec
.flags
& SMALL
);
454 if (spec
.flags
& LEFT
)
455 spec
.flags
&= ~ZEROPAD
;
457 if (spec
.flags
& SIGN
) {
458 if ((signed long long)num
< 0) {
460 num
= -(signed long long)num
;
462 } else if (spec
.flags
& PLUS
) {
465 } else if (spec
.flags
& SPACE
) {
476 /* generate full string in tmp[], in reverse order */
480 /* Generic code, for any base:
482 tmp[i++] = (digits[do_div(num,base)] | locase);
485 else if (spec
.base
!= 10) { /* 8 or 16 */
486 int mask
= spec
.base
- 1;
492 tmp
[i
++] = (digits
[((unsigned char)num
) & mask
] | locase
);
495 } else { /* base 10 */
496 i
= put_dec(tmp
, num
) - tmp
;
499 /* printing 100 using %2d gives "100", not "00" */
500 if (i
> spec
.precision
)
502 /* leading space padding */
503 spec
.field_width
-= spec
.precision
;
504 if (!(spec
.flags
& (ZEROPAD
+LEFT
))) {
505 while (--spec
.field_width
>= 0) {
517 /* "0x" / "0" prefix */
522 if (spec
.base
== 16) {
524 *buf
= ('X' | locase
);
528 /* zero or space padding */
529 if (!(spec
.flags
& LEFT
)) {
530 char c
= (spec
.flags
& ZEROPAD
) ? '0' : ' ';
531 while (--spec
.field_width
>= 0) {
537 /* hmm even more zero padding? */
538 while (i
<= --spec
.precision
) {
543 /* actual digits of result */
549 /* trailing space padding */
550 while (--spec
.field_width
>= 0) {
559 static char *string(char *buf
, char *end
, const char *s
, struct printf_spec spec
)
563 if ((unsigned long)s
< PAGE_SIZE
)
566 len
= strnlen(s
, spec
.precision
);
568 if (!(spec
.flags
& LEFT
)) {
569 while (len
< spec
.field_width
--) {
575 for (i
= 0; i
< len
; ++i
) {
580 while (len
< spec
.field_width
--) {
589 static char *symbol_string(char *buf
, char *end
, void *ptr
,
590 struct printf_spec spec
, char ext
)
592 unsigned long value
= (unsigned long) ptr
;
593 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
594 char sym
[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN
];
595 if (ext
!= 'f' && ext
!= 's')
596 sprint_symbol(sym
, value
);
598 kallsyms_lookup(value
, NULL
, NULL
, NULL
, sym
);
600 return string(buf
, end
, sym
, spec
);
602 spec
.field_width
= 2 * sizeof(void *);
603 spec
.flags
|= SPECIAL
| SMALL
| ZEROPAD
;
606 return number(buf
, end
, value
, spec
);
610 static char *resource_string(char *buf
, char *end
, struct resource
*res
,
611 struct printf_spec spec
, const char *fmt
)
613 #ifndef IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE
614 #define IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE 6
617 #ifndef MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE
618 #define MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE 10
620 struct printf_spec hex_spec
= {
623 .flags
= SPECIAL
| SMALL
| ZEROPAD
,
625 struct printf_spec dec_spec
= {
630 struct printf_spec str_spec
= {
635 struct printf_spec flag_spec
= {
638 .flags
= SPECIAL
| SMALL
,
641 /* 32-bit res (sizeof==4): 10 chars in dec, 10 in hex ("0x" + 8)
642 * 64-bit res (sizeof==8): 20 chars in dec, 18 in hex ("0x" + 16) */
643 #define RSRC_BUF_SIZE ((2 * sizeof(resource_size_t)) + 4)
644 #define FLAG_BUF_SIZE (2 * sizeof(res->flags))
645 #define DECODED_BUF_SIZE sizeof("[mem - 64bit pref disabled]")
646 #define RAW_BUF_SIZE sizeof("[mem - flags 0x]")
647 char sym
[max(2*RSRC_BUF_SIZE
+ DECODED_BUF_SIZE
,
648 2*RSRC_BUF_SIZE
+ FLAG_BUF_SIZE
+ RAW_BUF_SIZE
)];
650 char *p
= sym
, *pend
= sym
+ sizeof(sym
);
651 int size
= -1, addr
= 0;
652 int decode
= (fmt
[0] == 'R') ? 1 : 0;
654 if (res
->flags
& IORESOURCE_IO
) {
655 size
= IO_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE
;
657 } else if (res
->flags
& IORESOURCE_MEM
) {
658 size
= MEM_RSRC_PRINTK_SIZE
;
663 if (res
->flags
& IORESOURCE_IO
)
664 p
= string(p
, pend
, "io ", str_spec
);
665 else if (res
->flags
& IORESOURCE_MEM
)
666 p
= string(p
, pend
, "mem ", str_spec
);
667 else if (res
->flags
& IORESOURCE_IRQ
)
668 p
= string(p
, pend
, "irq ", str_spec
);
669 else if (res
->flags
& IORESOURCE_DMA
)
670 p
= string(p
, pend
, "dma ", str_spec
);
672 p
= string(p
, pend
, "??? ", str_spec
);
675 hex_spec
.field_width
= size
;
676 p
= number(p
, pend
, res
->start
, addr
? hex_spec
: dec_spec
);
677 if (res
->start
!= res
->end
) {
679 p
= number(p
, pend
, res
->end
, addr
? hex_spec
: dec_spec
);
682 if (res
->flags
& IORESOURCE_MEM_64
)
683 p
= string(p
, pend
, " 64bit", str_spec
);
684 if (res
->flags
& IORESOURCE_PREFETCH
)
685 p
= string(p
, pend
, " pref", str_spec
);
686 if (res
->flags
& IORESOURCE_DISABLED
)
687 p
= string(p
, pend
, " disabled", str_spec
);
689 p
= string(p
, pend
, " flags ", str_spec
);
690 p
= number(p
, pend
, res
->flags
, flag_spec
);
695 return string(buf
, end
, sym
, spec
);
698 static char *mac_address_string(char *buf
, char *end
, u8
*addr
,
699 struct printf_spec spec
, const char *fmt
)
701 char mac_addr
[sizeof("xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx")];
705 for (i
= 0; i
< 6; i
++) {
706 p
= pack_hex_byte(p
, addr
[i
]);
707 if (fmt
[0] == 'M' && i
!= 5)
712 return string(buf
, end
, mac_addr
, spec
);
715 static char *ip4_string(char *p
, const u8
*addr
, bool leading_zeros
)
719 for (i
= 0; i
< 4; i
++) {
720 char temp
[3]; /* hold each IP quad in reverse order */
721 int digits
= put_dec_trunc(temp
, addr
[i
]) - temp
;
728 /* reverse the digits in the quad */
739 static char *ip6_compressed_string(char *p
, const char *addr
)
742 unsigned char zerolength
[8];
747 bool needcolon
= false;
751 memcpy(&in6
, addr
, sizeof(struct in6_addr
));
753 useIPv4
= ipv6_addr_v4mapped(&in6
) || ipv6_addr_is_isatap(&in6
);
755 memset(zerolength
, 0, sizeof(zerolength
));
762 /* find position of longest 0 run */
763 for (i
= 0; i
< range
; i
++) {
764 for (j
= i
; j
< range
; j
++) {
765 if (in6
.s6_addr16
[j
] != 0)
770 for (i
= 0; i
< range
; i
++) {
771 if (zerolength
[i
] > longest
) {
772 longest
= zerolength
[i
];
778 for (i
= 0; i
< range
; i
++) {
780 if (needcolon
|| i
== 0)
791 /* hex u16 without leading 0s */
792 word
= ntohs(in6
.s6_addr16
[i
]);
797 p
= pack_hex_byte(p
, hi
);
799 *p
++ = hex_asc_lo(hi
);
800 p
= pack_hex_byte(p
, lo
);
803 p
= pack_hex_byte(p
, lo
);
805 *p
++ = hex_asc_lo(lo
);
812 p
= ip4_string(p
, &in6
.s6_addr
[12], false);
819 static char *ip6_string(char *p
, const char *addr
, const char *fmt
)
823 for (i
= 0; i
< 8; i
++) {
824 p
= pack_hex_byte(p
, *addr
++);
825 p
= pack_hex_byte(p
, *addr
++);
826 if (fmt
[0] == 'I' && i
!= 7)
834 static char *ip6_addr_string(char *buf
, char *end
, const u8
*addr
,
835 struct printf_spec spec
, const char *fmt
)
837 char ip6_addr
[sizeof("xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:255.255.255.255")];
839 if (fmt
[0] == 'I' && fmt
[2] == 'c')
840 ip6_compressed_string(ip6_addr
, addr
);
842 ip6_string(ip6_addr
, addr
, fmt
);
844 return string(buf
, end
, ip6_addr
, spec
);
847 static char *ip4_addr_string(char *buf
, char *end
, const u8
*addr
,
848 struct printf_spec spec
, const char *fmt
)
850 char ip4_addr
[sizeof("255.255.255.255")];
852 ip4_string(ip4_addr
, addr
, fmt
[0] == 'i');
854 return string(buf
, end
, ip4_addr
, spec
);
858 * Show a '%p' thing. A kernel extension is that the '%p' is followed
859 * by an extra set of alphanumeric characters that are extended format
862 * Right now we handle:
864 * - 'F' For symbolic function descriptor pointers with offset
865 * - 'f' For simple symbolic function names without offset
866 * - 'S' For symbolic direct pointers with offset
867 * - 's' For symbolic direct pointers without offset
868 * - 'R' For decoded struct resource, e.g., [mem 0x0-0x1f 64bit pref]
869 * - 'r' For raw struct resource, e.g., [mem 0x0-0x1f flags 0x201]
870 * - 'M' For a 6-byte MAC address, it prints the address in the
871 * usual colon-separated hex notation
872 * - 'm' For a 6-byte MAC address, it prints the hex address without colons
873 * - 'I' [46] for IPv4/IPv6 addresses printed in the usual way
874 * IPv4 uses dot-separated decimal without leading 0's (1.2.3.4)
875 * IPv6 uses colon separated network-order 16 bit hex with leading 0's
876 * - 'i' [46] for 'raw' IPv4/IPv6 addresses
877 * IPv6 omits the colons (01020304...0f)
878 * IPv4 uses dot-separated decimal with leading 0's (010.123.045.006)
879 * - 'I6c' for IPv6 addresses printed as specified by
880 * http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-kawamura-ipv6-text-representation-03.txt
881 * Note: The difference between 'S' and 'F' is that on ia64 and ppc64
882 * function pointers are really function descriptors, which contain a
883 * pointer to the real address.
885 static char *pointer(const char *fmt
, char *buf
, char *end
, void *ptr
,
886 struct printf_spec spec
)
889 return string(buf
, end
, "(null)", spec
);
894 ptr
= dereference_function_descriptor(ptr
);
898 return symbol_string(buf
, end
, ptr
, spec
, *fmt
);
901 return resource_string(buf
, end
, ptr
, spec
, fmt
);
902 case 'M': /* Colon separated: 00:01:02:03:04:05 */
903 case 'm': /* Contiguous: 000102030405 */
904 return mac_address_string(buf
, end
, ptr
, spec
, fmt
);
905 case 'I': /* Formatted IP supported
907 * 6: 0001:0203:...:0708
908 * 6c: 1::708 or 1::1.2.3.4
910 case 'i': /* Contiguous:
916 return ip6_addr_string(buf
, end
, ptr
, spec
, fmt
);
918 return ip4_addr_string(buf
, end
, ptr
, spec
, fmt
);
923 if (spec
.field_width
== -1) {
924 spec
.field_width
= 2*sizeof(void *);
925 spec
.flags
|= ZEROPAD
;
929 return number(buf
, end
, (unsigned long) ptr
, spec
);
933 * Helper function to decode printf style format.
934 * Each call decode a token from the format and return the
935 * number of characters read (or likely the delta where it wants
936 * to go on the next call).
937 * The decoded token is returned through the parameters
939 * 'h', 'l', or 'L' for integer fields
940 * 'z' support added 23/7/1999 S.H.
941 * 'z' changed to 'Z' --davidm 1/25/99
942 * 't' added for ptrdiff_t
944 * @fmt: the format string
945 * @type of the token returned
946 * @flags: various flags such as +, -, # tokens..
947 * @field_width: overwritten width
948 * @base: base of the number (octal, hex, ...)
949 * @precision: precision of a number
950 * @qualifier: qualifier of a number (long, size_t, ...)
952 static int format_decode(const char *fmt
, struct printf_spec
*spec
)
954 const char *start
= fmt
;
956 /* we finished early by reading the field width */
957 if (spec
->type
== FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH
) {
958 if (spec
->field_width
< 0) {
959 spec
->field_width
= -spec
->field_width
;
962 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_NONE
;
966 /* we finished early by reading the precision */
967 if (spec
->type
== FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION
) {
968 if (spec
->precision
< 0)
971 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_NONE
;
976 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_NONE
;
978 for (; *fmt
; ++fmt
) {
983 /* Return the current non-format string */
984 if (fmt
!= start
|| !*fmt
)
990 while (1) { /* this also skips first '%' */
996 case '-': spec
->flags
|= LEFT
; break;
997 case '+': spec
->flags
|= PLUS
; break;
998 case ' ': spec
->flags
|= SPACE
; break;
999 case '#': spec
->flags
|= SPECIAL
; break;
1000 case '0': spec
->flags
|= ZEROPAD
; break;
1001 default: found
= false;
1008 /* get field width */
1009 spec
->field_width
= -1;
1012 spec
->field_width
= skip_atoi(&fmt
);
1013 else if (*fmt
== '*') {
1014 /* it's the next argument */
1015 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH
;
1016 return ++fmt
- start
;
1020 /* get the precision */
1021 spec
->precision
= -1;
1024 if (isdigit(*fmt
)) {
1025 spec
->precision
= skip_atoi(&fmt
);
1026 if (spec
->precision
< 0)
1027 spec
->precision
= 0;
1028 } else if (*fmt
== '*') {
1029 /* it's the next argument */
1030 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION
;
1031 return ++fmt
- start
;
1036 /* get the conversion qualifier */
1037 spec
->qualifier
= -1;
1038 if (*fmt
== 'h' || TOLOWER(*fmt
) == 'l' ||
1039 TOLOWER(*fmt
) == 'z' || *fmt
== 't') {
1040 spec
->qualifier
= *fmt
++;
1041 if (unlikely(spec
->qualifier
== *fmt
)) {
1042 if (spec
->qualifier
== 'l') {
1043 spec
->qualifier
= 'L';
1045 } else if (spec
->qualifier
== 'h') {
1046 spec
->qualifier
= 'H';
1056 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR
;
1057 return ++fmt
- start
;
1060 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_STR
;
1061 return ++fmt
- start
;
1064 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_PTR
;
1069 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_NRCHARS
;
1070 return ++fmt
- start
;
1073 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR
;
1074 return ++fmt
- start
;
1076 /* integer number formats - set up the flags and "break" */
1082 spec
->flags
|= SMALL
;
1090 spec
->flags
|= SIGN
;
1095 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID
;
1099 if (spec
->qualifier
== 'L')
1100 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG
;
1101 else if (spec
->qualifier
== 'l') {
1102 if (spec
->flags
& SIGN
)
1103 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_LONG
;
1105 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG
;
1106 } else if (TOLOWER(spec
->qualifier
) == 'z') {
1107 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T
;
1108 } else if (spec
->qualifier
== 't') {
1109 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF
;
1110 } else if (spec
->qualifier
== 'H') {
1111 if (spec
->flags
& SIGN
)
1112 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE
;
1114 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE
;
1115 } else if (spec
->qualifier
== 'h') {
1116 if (spec
->flags
& SIGN
)
1117 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT
;
1119 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT
;
1121 if (spec
->flags
& SIGN
)
1122 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_INT
;
1124 spec
->type
= FORMAT_TYPE_UINT
;
1127 return ++fmt
- start
;
1131 * vsnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
1132 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
1133 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
1134 * @fmt: The format string to use
1135 * @args: Arguments for the format string
1137 * This function follows C99 vsnprintf, but has some extensions:
1138 * %pS output the name of a text symbol with offset
1139 * %ps output the name of a text symbol without offset
1140 * %pF output the name of a function pointer with its offset
1141 * %pf output the name of a function pointer without its offset
1142 * %pR output the address range in a struct resource
1145 * The return value is the number of characters which would
1146 * be generated for the given input, excluding the trailing
1147 * '\0', as per ISO C99. If you want to have the exact
1148 * number of characters written into @buf as return value
1149 * (not including the trailing '\0'), use vscnprintf(). If the
1150 * return is greater than or equal to @size, the resulting
1151 * string is truncated.
1153 * Call this function if you are already dealing with a va_list.
1154 * You probably want snprintf() instead.
1156 int vsnprintf(char *buf
, size_t size
, const char *fmt
, va_list args
)
1158 unsigned long long num
;
1161 struct printf_spec spec
= {0};
1163 /* Reject out-of-range values early. Large positive sizes are
1164 used for unknown buffer sizes. */
1165 if (WARN_ON_ONCE((int) size
< 0))
1171 /* Make sure end is always >= buf */
1178 const char *old_fmt
= fmt
;
1180 read
= format_decode(fmt
, &spec
);
1184 switch (spec
.type
) {
1185 case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE
: {
1188 if (copy
> end
- str
)
1190 memcpy(str
, old_fmt
, copy
);
1196 case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH
:
1197 spec
.field_width
= va_arg(args
, int);
1200 case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION
:
1201 spec
.precision
= va_arg(args
, int);
1204 case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR
:
1205 if (!(spec
.flags
& LEFT
)) {
1206 while (--spec
.field_width
> 0) {
1213 c
= (unsigned char) va_arg(args
, int);
1217 while (--spec
.field_width
> 0) {
1224 case FORMAT_TYPE_STR
:
1225 str
= string(str
, end
, va_arg(args
, char *), spec
);
1228 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR
:
1229 str
= pointer(fmt
+1, str
, end
, va_arg(args
, void *),
1231 while (isalnum(*fmt
))
1235 case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR
:
1241 case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID
:
1247 case FORMAT_TYPE_NRCHARS
: {
1248 int qualifier
= spec
.qualifier
;
1250 if (qualifier
== 'l') {
1251 long *ip
= va_arg(args
, long *);
1253 } else if (TOLOWER(qualifier
) == 'z') {
1254 size_t *ip
= va_arg(args
, size_t *);
1257 int *ip
= va_arg(args
, int *);
1264 switch (spec
.type
) {
1265 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG
:
1266 num
= va_arg(args
, long long);
1268 case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG
:
1269 num
= va_arg(args
, unsigned long);
1271 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG
:
1272 num
= va_arg(args
, long);
1274 case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T
:
1275 num
= va_arg(args
, size_t);
1277 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF
:
1278 num
= va_arg(args
, ptrdiff_t);
1280 case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE
:
1281 num
= (unsigned char) va_arg(args
, int);
1283 case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE
:
1284 num
= (signed char) va_arg(args
, int);
1286 case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT
:
1287 num
= (unsigned short) va_arg(args
, int);
1289 case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT
:
1290 num
= (short) va_arg(args
, int);
1292 case FORMAT_TYPE_INT
:
1293 num
= (int) va_arg(args
, int);
1296 num
= va_arg(args
, unsigned int);
1299 str
= number(str
, end
, num
, spec
);
1310 /* the trailing null byte doesn't count towards the total */
1314 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsnprintf
);
1317 * vscnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
1318 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
1319 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
1320 * @fmt: The format string to use
1321 * @args: Arguments for the format string
1323 * The return value is the number of characters which have been written into
1324 * the @buf not including the trailing '\0'. If @size is <= 0 the function
1327 * Call this function if you are already dealing with a va_list.
1328 * You probably want scnprintf() instead.
1330 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
1332 int vscnprintf(char *buf
, size_t size
, const char *fmt
, va_list args
)
1336 i
= vsnprintf(buf
, size
, fmt
, args
);
1338 return (i
>= size
) ? (size
- 1) : i
;
1340 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vscnprintf
);
1343 * snprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
1344 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
1345 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
1346 * @fmt: The format string to use
1347 * @...: Arguments for the format string
1349 * The return value is the number of characters which would be
1350 * generated for the given input, excluding the trailing null,
1351 * as per ISO C99. If the return is greater than or equal to
1352 * @size, the resulting string is truncated.
1354 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
1356 int snprintf(char *buf
, size_t size
, const char *fmt
, ...)
1361 va_start(args
, fmt
);
1362 i
= vsnprintf(buf
, size
, fmt
, args
);
1367 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snprintf
);
1370 * scnprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
1371 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
1372 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
1373 * @fmt: The format string to use
1374 * @...: Arguments for the format string
1376 * The return value is the number of characters written into @buf not including
1377 * the trailing '\0'. If @size is <= 0 the function returns 0.
1380 int scnprintf(char *buf
, size_t size
, const char *fmt
, ...)
1385 va_start(args
, fmt
);
1386 i
= vsnprintf(buf
, size
, fmt
, args
);
1389 return (i
>= size
) ? (size
- 1) : i
;
1391 EXPORT_SYMBOL(scnprintf
);
1394 * vsprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
1395 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
1396 * @fmt: The format string to use
1397 * @args: Arguments for the format string
1399 * The function returns the number of characters written
1400 * into @buf. Use vsnprintf() or vscnprintf() in order to avoid
1403 * Call this function if you are already dealing with a va_list.
1404 * You probably want sprintf() instead.
1406 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
1408 int vsprintf(char *buf
, const char *fmt
, va_list args
)
1410 return vsnprintf(buf
, INT_MAX
, fmt
, args
);
1412 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsprintf
);
1415 * sprintf - Format a string and place it in a buffer
1416 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
1417 * @fmt: The format string to use
1418 * @...: Arguments for the format string
1420 * The function returns the number of characters written
1421 * into @buf. Use snprintf() or scnprintf() in order to avoid
1424 * See the vsnprintf() documentation for format string extensions over C99.
1426 int sprintf(char *buf
, const char *fmt
, ...)
1431 va_start(args
, fmt
);
1432 i
= vsnprintf(buf
, INT_MAX
, fmt
, args
);
1437 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sprintf
);
1439 #ifdef CONFIG_BINARY_PRINTF
1442 * vbin_printf() - VA arguments to binary data
1443 * bstr_printf() - Binary data to text string
1447 * vbin_printf - Parse a format string and place args' binary value in a buffer
1448 * @bin_buf: The buffer to place args' binary value
1449 * @size: The size of the buffer(by words(32bits), not characters)
1450 * @fmt: The format string to use
1451 * @args: Arguments for the format string
1453 * The format follows C99 vsnprintf, except %n is ignored, and its argument
1456 * The return value is the number of words(32bits) which would be generated for
1460 * If the return value is greater than @size, the resulting bin_buf is NOT
1461 * valid for bstr_printf().
1463 int vbin_printf(u32
*bin_buf
, size_t size
, const char *fmt
, va_list args
)
1465 struct printf_spec spec
= {0};
1469 str
= (char *)bin_buf
;
1470 end
= (char *)(bin_buf
+ size
);
1472 #define save_arg(type) \
1474 if (sizeof(type) == 8) { \
1475 unsigned long long value; \
1476 str = PTR_ALIGN(str, sizeof(u32)); \
1477 value = va_arg(args, unsigned long long); \
1478 if (str + sizeof(type) <= end) { \
1479 *(u32 *)str = *(u32 *)&value; \
1480 *(u32 *)(str + 4) = *((u32 *)&value + 1); \
1483 unsigned long value; \
1484 str = PTR_ALIGN(str, sizeof(type)); \
1485 value = va_arg(args, int); \
1486 if (str + sizeof(type) <= end) \
1487 *(typeof(type) *)str = (type)value; \
1489 str += sizeof(type); \
1493 read
= format_decode(fmt
, &spec
);
1497 switch (spec
.type
) {
1498 case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE
:
1501 case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH
:
1502 case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION
:
1506 case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR
:
1510 case FORMAT_TYPE_STR
: {
1511 const char *save_str
= va_arg(args
, char *);
1514 if ((unsigned long)save_str
> (unsigned long)-PAGE_SIZE
1515 || (unsigned long)save_str
< PAGE_SIZE
)
1516 save_str
= "(null)";
1517 len
= strlen(save_str
) + 1;
1518 if (str
+ len
< end
)
1519 memcpy(str
, save_str
, len
);
1524 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR
:
1526 /* skip all alphanumeric pointer suffixes */
1527 while (isalnum(*fmt
))
1531 case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR
:
1534 case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID
:
1537 case FORMAT_TYPE_NRCHARS
: {
1538 /* skip %n 's argument */
1539 int qualifier
= spec
.qualifier
;
1541 if (qualifier
== 'l')
1542 skip_arg
= va_arg(args
, long *);
1543 else if (TOLOWER(qualifier
) == 'z')
1544 skip_arg
= va_arg(args
, size_t *);
1546 skip_arg
= va_arg(args
, int *);
1551 switch (spec
.type
) {
1553 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG
:
1554 save_arg(long long);
1556 case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG
:
1557 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG
:
1558 save_arg(unsigned long);
1560 case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T
:
1563 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF
:
1564 save_arg(ptrdiff_t);
1566 case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE
:
1567 case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE
:
1570 case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT
:
1571 case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT
:
1580 return (u32
*)(PTR_ALIGN(str
, sizeof(u32
))) - bin_buf
;
1583 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vbin_printf
);
1586 * bstr_printf - Format a string from binary arguments and place it in a buffer
1587 * @buf: The buffer to place the result into
1588 * @size: The size of the buffer, including the trailing null space
1589 * @fmt: The format string to use
1590 * @bin_buf: Binary arguments for the format string
1592 * This function like C99 vsnprintf, but the difference is that vsnprintf gets
1593 * arguments from stack, and bstr_printf gets arguments from @bin_buf which is
1594 * a binary buffer that generated by vbin_printf.
1596 * The format follows C99 vsnprintf, but has some extensions:
1597 * see vsnprintf comment for details.
1599 * The return value is the number of characters which would
1600 * be generated for the given input, excluding the trailing
1601 * '\0', as per ISO C99. If you want to have the exact
1602 * number of characters written into @buf as return value
1603 * (not including the trailing '\0'), use vscnprintf(). If the
1604 * return is greater than or equal to @size, the resulting
1605 * string is truncated.
1607 int bstr_printf(char *buf
, size_t size
, const char *fmt
, const u32
*bin_buf
)
1609 unsigned long long num
;
1611 const char *args
= (const char *)bin_buf
;
1612 struct printf_spec spec
= {0};
1614 if (WARN_ON_ONCE((int) size
< 0))
1620 #define get_arg(type) \
1622 typeof(type) value; \
1623 if (sizeof(type) == 8) { \
1624 args = PTR_ALIGN(args, sizeof(u32)); \
1625 *(u32 *)&value = *(u32 *)args; \
1626 *((u32 *)&value + 1) = *(u32 *)(args + 4); \
1628 args = PTR_ALIGN(args, sizeof(type)); \
1629 value = *(typeof(type) *)args; \
1631 args += sizeof(type); \
1635 /* Make sure end is always >= buf */
1643 const char *old_fmt
= fmt
;
1645 read
= format_decode(fmt
, &spec
);
1649 switch (spec
.type
) {
1650 case FORMAT_TYPE_NONE
: {
1653 if (copy
> end
- str
)
1655 memcpy(str
, old_fmt
, copy
);
1661 case FORMAT_TYPE_WIDTH
:
1662 spec
.field_width
= get_arg(int);
1665 case FORMAT_TYPE_PRECISION
:
1666 spec
.precision
= get_arg(int);
1669 case FORMAT_TYPE_CHAR
:
1670 if (!(spec
.flags
& LEFT
)) {
1671 while (--spec
.field_width
> 0) {
1677 c
= (unsigned char) get_arg(char);
1681 while (--spec
.field_width
> 0) {
1688 case FORMAT_TYPE_STR
: {
1689 const char *str_arg
= args
;
1690 size_t len
= strlen(str_arg
);
1692 str
= string(str
, end
, (char *)str_arg
, spec
);
1696 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTR
:
1697 str
= pointer(fmt
+1, str
, end
, get_arg(void *), spec
);
1698 while (isalnum(*fmt
))
1702 case FORMAT_TYPE_PERCENT_CHAR
:
1708 case FORMAT_TYPE_INVALID
:
1714 case FORMAT_TYPE_NRCHARS
:
1719 switch (spec
.type
) {
1721 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG_LONG
:
1722 num
= get_arg(long long);
1724 case FORMAT_TYPE_ULONG
:
1725 num
= get_arg(unsigned long);
1727 case FORMAT_TYPE_LONG
:
1728 num
= get_arg(unsigned long);
1730 case FORMAT_TYPE_SIZE_T
:
1731 num
= get_arg(size_t);
1733 case FORMAT_TYPE_PTRDIFF
:
1734 num
= get_arg(ptrdiff_t);
1736 case FORMAT_TYPE_UBYTE
:
1737 num
= get_arg(unsigned char);
1739 case FORMAT_TYPE_BYTE
:
1740 num
= get_arg(signed char);
1742 case FORMAT_TYPE_USHORT
:
1743 num
= get_arg(unsigned short);
1745 case FORMAT_TYPE_SHORT
:
1746 num
= get_arg(short);
1748 case FORMAT_TYPE_UINT
:
1749 num
= get_arg(unsigned int);
1755 str
= number(str
, end
, num
, spec
);
1768 /* the trailing null byte doesn't count towards the total */
1771 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bstr_printf
);
1774 * bprintf - Parse a format string and place args' binary value in a buffer
1775 * @bin_buf: The buffer to place args' binary value
1776 * @size: The size of the buffer(by words(32bits), not characters)
1777 * @fmt: The format string to use
1778 * @...: Arguments for the format string
1780 * The function returns the number of words(u32) written
1783 int bprintf(u32
*bin_buf
, size_t size
, const char *fmt
, ...)
1788 va_start(args
, fmt
);
1789 ret
= vbin_printf(bin_buf
, size
, fmt
, args
);
1794 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bprintf
);
1796 #endif /* CONFIG_BINARY_PRINTF */
1799 * vsscanf - Unformat a buffer into a list of arguments
1800 * @buf: input buffer
1801 * @fmt: format of buffer
1804 int vsscanf(const char *buf
, const char *fmt
, va_list args
)
1806 const char *str
= buf
;
1810 int qualifier
, base
, field_width
;
1813 while (*fmt
&& *str
) {
1814 /* skip any white space in format */
1815 /* white space in format matchs any amount of
1816 * white space, including none, in the input.
1818 if (isspace(*fmt
)) {
1819 while (isspace(*fmt
))
1821 while (isspace(*str
))
1825 /* anything that is not a conversion must match exactly */
1826 if (*fmt
!= '%' && *fmt
) {
1827 if (*fmt
++ != *str
++)
1836 /* skip this conversion.
1837 * advance both strings to next white space
1840 while (!isspace(*fmt
) && *fmt
!= '%' && *fmt
)
1842 while (!isspace(*str
) && *str
)
1847 /* get field width */
1850 field_width
= skip_atoi(&fmt
);
1852 /* get conversion qualifier */
1854 if (*fmt
== 'h' || TOLOWER(*fmt
) == 'l' ||
1855 TOLOWER(*fmt
) == 'z') {
1857 if (unlikely(qualifier
== *fmt
)) {
1858 if (qualifier
== 'h') {
1861 } else if (qualifier
== 'l') {
1876 char *s
= (char *)va_arg(args
, char*);
1877 if (field_width
== -1)
1881 } while (--field_width
> 0 && *str
);
1887 char *s
= (char *)va_arg(args
, char *);
1888 if (field_width
== -1)
1889 field_width
= INT_MAX
;
1890 /* first, skip leading white space in buffer */
1891 while (isspace(*str
))
1894 /* now copy until next white space */
1895 while (*str
&& !isspace(*str
) && field_width
--)
1902 /* return number of characters read so far */
1904 int *i
= (int *)va_arg(args
, int*);
1922 /* looking for '%' in str */
1927 /* invalid format; stop here */
1931 /* have some sort of integer conversion.
1932 * first, skip white space in buffer.
1934 while (isspace(*str
))
1938 if (is_sign
&& digit
== '-')
1942 || (base
== 16 && !isxdigit(digit
))
1943 || (base
== 10 && !isdigit(digit
))
1944 || (base
== 8 && (!isdigit(digit
) || digit
> '7'))
1945 || (base
== 0 && !isdigit(digit
)))
1948 switch (qualifier
) {
1949 case 'H': /* that's 'hh' in format */
1951 signed char *s
= (signed char *)va_arg(args
, signed char *);
1952 *s
= (signed char)simple_strtol(str
, &next
, base
);
1954 unsigned char *s
= (unsigned char *)va_arg(args
, unsigned char *);
1955 *s
= (unsigned char)simple_strtoul(str
, &next
, base
);
1960 short *s
= (short *)va_arg(args
, short *);
1961 *s
= (short)simple_strtol(str
, &next
, base
);
1963 unsigned short *s
= (unsigned short *)va_arg(args
, unsigned short *);
1964 *s
= (unsigned short)simple_strtoul(str
, &next
, base
);
1969 long *l
= (long *)va_arg(args
, long *);
1970 *l
= simple_strtol(str
, &next
, base
);
1972 unsigned long *l
= (unsigned long *)va_arg(args
, unsigned long *);
1973 *l
= simple_strtoul(str
, &next
, base
);
1978 long long *l
= (long long *)va_arg(args
, long long *);
1979 *l
= simple_strtoll(str
, &next
, base
);
1981 unsigned long long *l
= (unsigned long long *)va_arg(args
, unsigned long long *);
1982 *l
= simple_strtoull(str
, &next
, base
);
1988 size_t *s
= (size_t *)va_arg(args
, size_t *);
1989 *s
= (size_t)simple_strtoul(str
, &next
, base
);
1994 int *i
= (int *)va_arg(args
, int *);
1995 *i
= (int)simple_strtol(str
, &next
, base
);
1997 unsigned int *i
= (unsigned int *)va_arg(args
, unsigned int*);
1998 *i
= (unsigned int)simple_strtoul(str
, &next
, base
);
2010 * Now we've come all the way through so either the input string or the
2011 * format ended. In the former case, there can be a %n at the current
2012 * position in the format that needs to be filled.
2014 if (*fmt
== '%' && *(fmt
+ 1) == 'n') {
2015 int *p
= (int *)va_arg(args
, int *);
2021 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vsscanf
);
2024 * sscanf - Unformat a buffer into a list of arguments
2025 * @buf: input buffer
2026 * @fmt: formatting of buffer
2027 * @...: resulting arguments
2029 int sscanf(const char *buf
, const char *fmt
, ...)
2034 va_start(args
, fmt
);
2035 i
= vsscanf(buf
, fmt
, args
);
2040 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sscanf
);