6 This document is meant as a brief overview of some aspects of the new serial
7 driver. It is not complete, any questions you have should be directed to
10 The reference implementation is contained within amba_pl011.c.
14 Low Level Serial Hardware Driver
15 --------------------------------
17 The low level serial hardware driver is responsible for supplying port
18 information (defined by uart_port) and a set of control methods (defined
19 by uart_ops) to the core serial driver. The low level driver is also
20 responsible for handling interrupts for the port, and providing any
27 The serial core provides a few helper functions. This includes identifing
28 the correct port structure (via uart_get_console) and decoding command line
29 arguments (uart_parse_options).
31 There is also a helper function (uart_write_console) which performs a
32 character by character write, translating newlines to CRLF sequences.
33 Driver writers are recommended to use this function rather than implementing
40 It is the responsibility of the low level hardware driver to perform the
41 necessary locking using port->lock. There are some exceptions (which
42 are described in the uart_ops listing below.)
44 There are three locks. A per-port spinlock, a per-port tmpbuf semaphore,
45 and an overall semaphore.
47 From the core driver perspective, the port->lock locks the following
52 info->xmit.head (circ->head)
53 info->xmit.tail (circ->tail)
55 The low level driver is free to use this lock to provide any additional
58 The core driver uses the info->tmpbuf_sem lock to prevent multi-threaded
59 access to the info->tmpbuf bouncebuffer used for port writes.
61 The port_sem semaphore is used to protect against ports being added/
62 removed or reconfigured at inappropriate times.
68 The uart_ops structure is the main interface between serial_core and the
69 hardware specific driver. It contains all the methods to control the
73 This function tests whether the transmitter fifo and shifter
74 for the port described by 'port' is empty. If it is empty,
75 this function should return TIOCSER_TEMT, otherwise return 0.
76 If the port does not support this operation, then it should
80 Interrupts: caller dependent.
81 This call must not sleep
83 set_mctrl(port, mctrl)
84 This function sets the modem control lines for port described
85 by 'port' to the state described by mctrl. The relevant bits
87 - TIOCM_RTS RTS signal.
88 - TIOCM_DTR DTR signal.
89 - TIOCM_OUT1 OUT1 signal.
90 - TIOCM_OUT2 OUT2 signal.
91 - TIOCM_LOOP Set the port into loopback mode.
92 If the appropriate bit is set, the signal should be driven
93 active. If the bit is clear, the signal should be driven
96 Locking: port->lock taken.
97 Interrupts: locally disabled.
98 This call must not sleep
101 Returns the current state of modem control inputs. The state
102 of the outputs should not be returned, since the core keeps
103 track of their state. The state information should include:
104 - TIOCM_DCD state of DCD signal
105 - TIOCM_CTS state of CTS signal
106 - TIOCM_DSR state of DSR signal
107 - TIOCM_RI state of RI signal
108 The bit is set if the signal is currently driven active. If
109 the port does not support CTS, DCD or DSR, the driver should
110 indicate that the signal is permanently active. If RI is
111 not available, the signal should not be indicated as active.
113 Locking: port->lock taken.
114 Interrupts: locally disabled.
115 This call must not sleep
118 Stop transmitting characters. This might be due to the CTS
119 line becoming inactive or the tty layer indicating we want
120 to stop transmission due to an XOFF character.
122 The driver should stop transmitting characters as soon as
125 Locking: port->lock taken.
126 Interrupts: locally disabled.
127 This call must not sleep
130 Start transmitting characters.
132 Locking: port->lock taken.
133 Interrupts: locally disabled.
134 This call must not sleep
137 Stop receiving characters; the port is in the process of
140 Locking: port->lock taken.
141 Interrupts: locally disabled.
142 This call must not sleep
145 Enable the modem status interrupts.
147 This method may be called multiple times. Modem status
148 interrupts should be disabled when the shutdown method is
151 Locking: port->lock taken.
152 Interrupts: locally disabled.
153 This call must not sleep
156 Control the transmission of a break signal. If ctl is
157 nonzero, the break signal should be transmitted. The signal
158 should be terminated when another call is made with a zero
162 Interrupts: caller dependent.
163 This call must not sleep
166 Grab any interrupt resources and initialise any low level driver
167 state. Enable the port for reception. It should not activate
168 RTS nor DTR; this will be done via a separate call to set_mctrl.
170 This method will only be called when the port is initially opened.
172 Locking: port_sem taken.
173 Interrupts: globally disabled.
176 Disable the port, disable any break condition that may be in
177 effect, and free any interrupt resources. It should not disable
178 RTS nor DTR; this will have already been done via a separate
181 Drivers must not access port->info once this call has completed.
183 This method will only be called when there are no more users of
186 Locking: port_sem taken.
187 Interrupts: caller dependent.
189 set_termios(port,termios,oldtermios)
190 Change the port parameters, including word length, parity, stop
191 bits. Update read_status_mask and ignore_status_mask to indicate
192 the types of events we are interested in receiving. Relevant
193 termios->c_cflag bits are:
196 PARENB - parity enable
197 PARODD - odd parity (when PARENB is in force)
198 CREAD - enable reception of characters (if not set,
199 still receive characters from the port, but
201 CRTSCTS - if set, enable CTS status change reporting
202 CLOCAL - if not set, enable modem status change
204 Relevant termios->c_iflag bits are:
205 INPCK - enable frame and parity error events to be
206 passed to the TTY layer.
208 PARMRK - both of these enable break events to be
209 passed to the TTY layer.
211 IGNPAR - ignore parity and framing errors
212 IGNBRK - ignore break errors, If IGNPAR is also
213 set, ignore overrun errors as well.
214 The interaction of the iflag bits is as follows (parity error
215 given as an example):
216 Parity error INPCK IGNPAR
217 n/a 0 n/a character received, marked as
219 None 1 n/a character received, marked as
221 Yes 1 0 character received, marked as
223 Yes 1 1 character discarded
225 Other flags may be used (eg, xon/xoff characters) if your
226 hardware supports hardware "soft" flow control.
229 Interrupts: caller dependent.
230 This call must not sleep
232 pm(port,state,oldstate)
233 Perform any power management related activities on the specified
234 port. State indicates the new state (defined by ACPI D0-D3),
235 oldstate indicates the previous state. Essentially, D0 means
236 fully on, D3 means powered down.
238 This function should not be used to grab any resources.
240 This will be called when the port is initially opened and finally
241 closed, except when the port is also the system console. This
242 will occur even if CONFIG_PM is not set.
245 Interrupts: caller dependent.
248 Return a pointer to a string constant describing the specified
249 port, or return NULL, in which case the string 'unknown' is
253 Interrupts: caller dependent.
256 Release any memory and IO region resources currently in use by
260 Interrupts: caller dependent.
263 Request any memory and IO region resources required by the port.
264 If any fail, no resources should be registered when this function
265 returns, and it should return -EBUSY on failure.
268 Interrupts: caller dependent.
270 config_port(port,type)
271 Perform any autoconfiguration steps required for the port. `type`
272 contains a bit mask of the required configuration. UART_CONFIG_TYPE
273 indicates that the port requires detection and identification.
274 port->type should be set to the type found, or PORT_UNKNOWN if
275 no port was detected.
277 UART_CONFIG_IRQ indicates autoconfiguration of the interrupt signal,
278 which should be probed using standard kernel autoprobing techniques.
279 This is not necessary on platforms where ports have interrupts
280 internally hard wired (eg, system on a chip implementations).
283 Interrupts: caller dependent.
285 verify_port(port,serinfo)
286 Verify the new serial port information contained within serinfo is
287 suitable for this port type.
290 Interrupts: caller dependent.
293 Perform any port specific IOCTLs. IOCTL commands must be defined
294 using the standard numbering system found in <asm/ioctl.h>
297 Interrupts: caller dependent.
302 uart_update_timeout(port,cflag,baud)
303 Update the FIFO drain timeout, port->timeout, according to the
304 number of bits, parity, stop bits and baud rate.
306 Locking: caller is expected to take port->lock
309 uart_get_baud_rate(port,termios,old,min,max)
310 Return the numeric baud rate for the specified termios, taking
311 account of the special 38400 baud "kludge". The B0 baud rate
312 is mapped to 9600 baud.
314 If the baud rate is not within min..max, then if old is non-NULL,
315 the original baud rate will be tried. If that exceeds the
316 min..max constraint, 9600 baud will be returned. termios will
317 be updated to the baud rate in use.
319 Note: min..max must always allow 9600 baud to be selected.
321 Locking: caller dependent.
324 uart_get_divisor(port,baud)
325 Return the divsor (baud_base / baud) for the specified baud
326 rate, appropriately rounded.
328 If 38400 baud and custom divisor is selected, return the
329 custom divisor instead.
331 Locking: caller dependent.
334 uart_match_port(port1,port2)
335 This utility function can be used to determine whether two
336 uart_port structures describe the same port.
341 uart_write_wakeup(port)
342 A driver is expected to call this function when the number of
343 characters in the transmit buffer have dropped below a threshold.
345 Locking: port->lock should be held.
348 uart_register_driver(drv)
349 Register a uart driver with the core driver. We in turn register
350 with the tty layer, and initialise the core driver per-port state.
352 drv->port should be NULL, and the per-port structures should be
353 registered using uart_add_one_port after this call has succeeded.
358 uart_unregister_driver()
359 Remove all references to a driver from the core driver. The low
360 level driver must have removed all its ports via the
361 uart_remove_one_port() if it registered them with uart_add_one_port().
372 uart_remove_one_port()
377 It is intended some day to drop the 'unused' entries from uart_port, and
378 allow low level drivers to register their own individual uart_port's with
379 the core. This will allow drivers to use uart_port as a pointer to a
380 structure containing both the uart_port entry with their own extensions,
384 struct uart_port port;