2 HOWTO for multiqueue network device support
3 ===========================================
5 Section 1: Base driver requirements for implementing multiqueue support
6 Section 2: Qdisc support for multiqueue devices
7 Section 3: Brief howto using PRIO or RR for multiqueue devices
10 Intro: Kernel support for multiqueue devices
11 ---------------------------------------------------------
13 Kernel support for multiqueue devices is only an API that is presented to the
14 netdevice layer for base drivers to implement. This feature is part of the
15 core networking stack, and all network devices will be running on the
16 multiqueue-aware stack. If a base driver only has one queue, then these
17 changes are transparent to that driver.
20 Section 1: Base driver requirements for implementing multiqueue support
21 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
23 Base drivers are required to use the new alloc_etherdev_mq() or
24 alloc_netdev_mq() functions to allocate the subqueues for the device. The
25 underlying kernel API will take care of the allocation and deallocation of
26 the subqueue memory, as well as netdev configuration of where the queues
29 The base driver will also need to manage the queues as it does the global
30 netdev->queue_lock today. Therefore base drivers should use the
31 netif_{start|stop|wake}_subqueue() functions to manage each queue while the
32 device is still operational. netdev->queue_lock is still used when the device
33 comes online or when it's completely shut down (unregister_netdev(), etc.).
35 Finally, the base driver should indicate that it is a multiqueue device. The
36 feature flag NETIF_F_MULTI_QUEUE should be added to the netdev->features
37 bitmap on device initialization. Below is an example from e1000:
39 #ifdef CONFIG_E1000_MQ
40 if ( (adapter->hw.mac.type == e1000_82571) ||
41 (adapter->hw.mac.type == e1000_82572) ||
42 (adapter->hw.mac.type == e1000_80003es2lan))
43 netdev->features |= NETIF_F_MULTI_QUEUE;
47 Section 2: Qdisc support for multiqueue devices
48 -----------------------------------------------
50 Currently two qdiscs support multiqueue devices. A new round-robin qdisc,
51 sch_rr, and sch_prio. The qdisc is responsible for classifying the skb's to
52 bands and queues, and will store the queue mapping into skb->queue_mapping.
53 Use this field in the base driver to determine which queue to send the skb
56 sch_rr has been added for hardware that doesn't want scheduling policies from
57 software, so it's a straight round-robin qdisc. It uses the same syntax and
58 classification priomap that sch_prio uses, so it should be intuitive to
59 configure for people who've used sch_prio.
61 In order to utilitize the multiqueue features of the qdiscs, the network
62 device layer needs to enable multiple queue support. This can be done by
63 selecting NETDEVICES_MULTIQUEUE under Drivers.
65 The PRIO qdisc naturally plugs into a multiqueue device. If
66 NETDEVICES_MULTIQUEUE is selected, then on qdisc load, the number of
67 bands requested is compared to the number of queues on the hardware. If they
68 are equal, it sets a one-to-one mapping up between the queues and bands. If
69 they're not equal, it will not load the qdisc. This is the same behavior
70 for RR. Once the association is made, any skb that is classified will have
71 skb->queue_mapping set, which will allow the driver to properly queue skb's
75 Section 3: Brief howto using PRIO and RR for multiqueue devices
76 ---------------------------------------------------------------
78 The userspace command 'tc,' part of the iproute2 package, is used to configure
79 qdiscs. To add the PRIO qdisc to your network device, assuming the device is
80 called eth0, run the following command:
82 # tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1: prio bands 4 multiqueue
84 This will create 4 bands, 0 being highest priority, and associate those bands
85 to the queues on your NIC. Assuming eth0 has 4 Tx queues, the band mapping
93 Traffic will begin flowing through each queue if your TOS values are assigning
94 traffic across the various bands. For example, ssh traffic will always try to
95 go out band 0 based on TOS -> Linux priority conversion (realtime traffic),
96 so it will be sent out queue 0. ICMP traffic (pings) fall into the "normal"
97 traffic classification, which is band 1. Therefore pings will be send out
100 Note the use of the multiqueue keyword. This is only in versions of iproute2
101 that support multiqueue networking devices; if this is omitted when loading
102 a qdisc onto a multiqueue device, the qdisc will load and operate the same
103 if it were loaded onto a single-queue device (i.e. - sends all traffic to
106 Another alternative to multiqueue band allocation can be done by using the
107 multiqueue option and specify 0 bands. If this is the case, the qdisc will
108 allocate the number of bands to equal the number of queues that the device
109 reports, and bring the qdisc online.
111 The behavior of tc filters remains the same, where it will override TOS priority
115 Author: Peter P. Waskiewicz Jr. <peter.p.waskiewicz.jr@intel.com>