2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
3 To use the vfat filesystem, use the filesystem type 'vfat'. i.e.
4 mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt
6 No special partition formatter is required. mkdosfs will work fine
7 if you want to format from within Linux.
10 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
11 umask=### -- The permission mask (for files and directories, see umask(1)).
12 The default is the umask of current process.
14 dmask=### -- The permission mask for the directory.
15 The default is the umask of current process.
17 fmask=### -- The permission mask for files.
18 The default is the umask of current process.
20 allow_utime=### -- This option controls the permission check of mtime/atime.
22 20 - If current process is in group of file's group ID,
23 you can change timestamp.
24 2 - Other users can change timestamp.
26 The default is set from `dmask' option. (If the directory is
27 writable, utime(2) is also allowed. I.e. ~dmask & 022)
29 Normally utime(2) checks current process is owner of
30 the file, or it has CAP_FOWNER capability. But FAT
31 filesystem doesn't have uid/gid on disk, so normal
32 check is too unflexible. With this option you can
35 codepage=### -- Sets the codepage number for converting to shortname
36 characters on FAT filesystem.
37 By default, FAT_DEFAULT_CODEPAGE setting is used.
39 iocharset=name -- Character set to use for converting between the
40 encoding is used for user visible filename and 16 bit
41 Unicode characters. Long filenames are stored on disk
42 in Unicode format, but Unix for the most part doesn't
43 know how to deal with Unicode.
44 By default, FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET setting is used.
46 There is also an option of doing UTF-8 translations
49 NOTE: "iocharset=utf8" is not recommended. If unsure,
50 you should consider the following option instead.
52 utf8=<bool> -- UTF-8 is the filesystem safe version of Unicode that
53 is used by the console. It can be enabled for the
54 filesystem with this option. If 'uni_xlate' gets set,
57 uni_xlate=<bool> -- Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special
58 escaped sequences. This would let you backup and
59 restore filenames that are created with any Unicode
60 characters. Until Linux supports Unicode for real,
61 this gives you an alternative. Without this option,
62 a '?' is used when no translation is possible. The
63 escape character is ':' because it is otherwise
64 illegal on the vfat filesystem. The escape sequence
65 that gets used is ':' and the four digits of hexadecimal
68 nonumtail=<bool> -- When creating 8.3 aliases, normally the alias will
69 end in '~1' or tilde followed by some number. If this
70 option is set, then if the filename is
71 "longfilename.txt" and "longfile.txt" does not
72 currently exist in the directory, 'longfile.txt' will
73 be the short alias instead of 'longfi~1.txt'.
75 usefree -- Use the "free clusters" value stored on FSINFO. It'll
76 be used to determine number of free clusters without
77 scanning disk. But it's not used by default, because
78 recent Windows don't update it correctly in some
79 case. If you are sure the "free clusters" on FSINFO is
80 correct, by this option you can avoid scanning disk.
82 quiet -- Stops printing certain warning messages.
84 check=s|r|n -- Case sensitivity checking setting.
85 s: strict, case sensitive
86 r: relaxed, case insensitive
87 n: normal, default setting, currently case insensitive
89 shortname=lower|win95|winnt|mixed
90 -- Shortname display/create setting.
91 lower: convert to lowercase for display,
92 emulate the Windows 95 rule for create.
93 win95: emulate the Windows 95 rule for display/create.
94 winnt: emulate the Windows NT rule for display/create.
95 mixed: emulate the Windows NT rule for display,
96 emulate the Windows 95 rule for create.
97 Default setting is `lower'.
99 <bool>: 0,1,yes,no,true,false
102 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
103 * Need to get rid of the raw scanning stuff. Instead, always use
104 a get next directory entry approach. The only thing left that uses
105 raw scanning is the directory renaming code.
109 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
110 * vfat_valid_longname does not properly checked reserved names.
111 * When a volume name is the same as a directory name in the root
112 directory of the filesystem, the directory name sometimes shows
114 * autoconv option does not work correctly.
117 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
118 If you have trouble with the VFAT filesystem, mail bug reports to
119 chaffee@bmrc.cs.berkeley.edu. Please specify the filename
120 and the operation that gave you trouble.
123 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
124 If you plan to make any modifications to the vfat filesystem, please
125 get the test suite that comes with the vfat distribution at
127 http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/vfat.html
129 This tests quite a few parts of the vfat filesystem and additional
130 tests for new features or untested features would be appreciated.
132 NOTES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE VFAT FILESYSTEM
133 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
134 (This documentation was provided by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cs.rochester.edu>
135 and lightly annotated by Gordon Chaffee).
137 This document presents a very rough, technical overview of my
138 knowledge of the extended FAT file system used in Windows NT 3.5 and
139 Windows 95. I don't guarantee that any of the following is correct,
140 but it appears to be so.
142 The extended FAT file system is almost identical to the FAT
143 file system used in DOS versions up to and including 6.223410239847
144 :-). The significant change has been the addition of long file names.
145 These names support up to 255 characters including spaces and lower
146 case characters as opposed to the traditional 8.3 short names.
148 Here is the description of the traditional FAT entry in the current
149 Windows 95 filesystem:
151 struct directory { // Short 8.3 names
152 unsigned char name[8]; // file name
153 unsigned char ext[3]; // file extension
154 unsigned char attr; // attribute byte
155 unsigned char lcase; // Case for base and extension
156 unsigned char ctime_ms; // Creation time, milliseconds
157 unsigned char ctime[2]; // Creation time
158 unsigned char cdate[2]; // Creation date
159 unsigned char adate[2]; // Last access date
160 unsigned char reserved[2]; // reserved values (ignored)
161 unsigned char time[2]; // time stamp
162 unsigned char date[2]; // date stamp
163 unsigned char start[2]; // starting cluster number
164 unsigned char size[4]; // size of the file
167 The lcase field specifies if the base and/or the extension of an 8.3
168 name should be capitalized. This field does not seem to be used by
169 Windows 95 but it is used by Windows NT. The case of filenames is not
170 completely compatible from Windows NT to Windows 95. It is not completely
171 compatible in the reverse direction, however. Filenames that fit in
172 the 8.3 namespace and are written on Windows NT to be lowercase will
173 show up as uppercase on Windows 95.
175 Note that the "start" and "size" values are actually little
176 endian integer values. The descriptions of the fields in this
177 structure are public knowledge and can be found elsewhere.
179 With the extended FAT system, Microsoft has inserted extra
180 directory entries for any files with extended names. (Any name which
181 legally fits within the old 8.3 encoding scheme does not have extra
182 entries.) I call these extra entries slots. Basically, a slot is a
183 specially formatted directory entry which holds up to 13 characters of
184 a file's extended name. Think of slots as additional labeling for the
185 directory entry of the file to which they correspond. Microsoft
186 prefers to refer to the 8.3 entry for a file as its alias and the
187 extended slot directory entries as the file name.
189 The C structure for a slot directory entry follows:
191 struct slot { // Up to 13 characters of a long name
192 unsigned char id; // sequence number for slot
193 unsigned char name0_4[10]; // first 5 characters in name
194 unsigned char attr; // attribute byte
195 unsigned char reserved; // always 0
196 unsigned char alias_checksum; // checksum for 8.3 alias
197 unsigned char name5_10[12]; // 6 more characters in name
198 unsigned char start[2]; // starting cluster number
199 unsigned char name11_12[4]; // last 2 characters in name
202 If the layout of the slots looks a little odd, it's only
203 because of Microsoft's efforts to maintain compatibility with old
204 software. The slots must be disguised to prevent old software from
205 panicking. To this end, a number of measures are taken:
207 1) The attribute byte for a slot directory entry is always set
208 to 0x0f. This corresponds to an old directory entry with
209 attributes of "hidden", "system", "read-only", and "volume
210 label". Most old software will ignore any directory
211 entries with the "volume label" bit set. Real volume label
212 entries don't have the other three bits set.
214 2) The starting cluster is always set to 0, an impossible
215 value for a DOS file.
217 Because the extended FAT system is backward compatible, it is
218 possible for old software to modify directory entries. Measures must
219 be taken to ensure the validity of slots. An extended FAT system can
220 verify that a slot does in fact belong to an 8.3 directory entry by
223 1) Positioning. Slots for a file always immediately proceed
224 their corresponding 8.3 directory entry. In addition, each
225 slot has an id which marks its order in the extended file
226 name. Here is a very abbreviated view of an 8.3 directory
227 entry and its corresponding long name slots for the file
228 "My Big File.Extension which is long":
230 <proceeding files...>
231 <slot #3, id = 0x43, characters = "h is long">
232 <slot #2, id = 0x02, characters = "xtension whic">
233 <slot #1, id = 0x01, characters = "My Big File.E">
234 <directory entry, name = "MYBIGFIL.EXT">
236 Note that the slots are stored from last to first. Slots
237 are numbered from 1 to N. The Nth slot is or'ed with 0x40
238 to mark it as the last one.
240 2) Checksum. Each slot has an "alias_checksum" value. The
241 checksum is calculated from the 8.3 name using the
244 for (sum = i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
245 sum = (((sum&1)<<7)|((sum&0xfe)>>1)) + name[i]
248 3) If there is free space in the final slot, a Unicode NULL (0x0000)
249 is stored after the final character. After that, all unused
250 characters in the final slot are set to Unicode 0xFFFF.
252 Finally, note that the extended name is stored in Unicode. Each Unicode
253 character takes two bytes.