4 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
5 software necessary to run the 2.5 kernels, as well as provide brief
6 instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when
7 trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x
8 kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for
9 additional information; most of that information will not be repeated
10 here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already
11 functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels.
13 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
14 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
15 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
18 The latest revision of this document, in various formats, can always
19 be found at <http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/kaboom/linux/Changes-2.4/>.
21 Feel free to translate this document. If you do so, please send me a
22 URL to your translation for inclusion in future revisions of this
25 Smotrite file <http://oblom.rnc.ru/linux/kernel/Changes.ru>, yavlyaushisya
26 russkim perevodom dannogo documenta.
28 Visite <http://www2.adi.uam.es/~ender/tecnico/> para obtener la traducción
29 al español de este documento en varios formatos.
31 Eine deutsche Version dieser Datei finden Sie unter
32 <http://www.stefan-winter.de/Changes-2.4.0.txt>.
34 Last updated: October 29th, 2002
36 Chris Ricker (kaboom@gatech.edu or chris.ricker@genetics.utah.edu).
38 Current Minimal Requirements
39 ============================
41 Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
42 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
43 running, the suggested command should tell you.
45 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already
46 functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are
47 necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any PCMCIA (PC
48 Card) hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself
51 o Gnu C 2.95.3 # gcc --version
52 o Gnu make 3.78 # make --version
53 o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
54 o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
55 o module-init-tools 0.9.9 # depmod -V
56 o e2fsprogs 1.29 # tune2fs
57 o jfsutils 1.0.14 # fsck.jfs -V
58 o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs
59 o xfsprogs 2.1.0 # xfs_db -V
60 o pcmcia-cs 3.1.21 # cardmgr -V
61 o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
62 o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
63 o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
64 o nfs-utils 1.0.4 # showmount --version
65 o procps 2.0.9 # ps --version
66 o oprofile 0.5.3 # oprofiled --version
74 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
75 computer. The next paragraph applies to users of x86 CPUs, but not
76 necessarily to users of other CPUs. Users of other CPUs should obtain
77 information about their gcc version requirements from another source.
79 The recommended compiler for the kernel is gcc 2.95.x (x >= 3), and it
80 should be used when you need absolute stability. You may use gcc 3.0.x
81 instead if you wish, although it may cause problems. Later versions of gcc
82 have not received much testing for Linux kernel compilation, and there are
83 almost certainly bugs (mainly, but not exclusively, in the kernel) that
84 will need to be fixed in order to use these compilers. In any case, using
85 pgcc instead of plain gcc is just asking for trouble.
87 The Red Hat gcc 2.96 compiler subtree can also be used to build this tree.
88 You should ensure you use gcc-2.96-74 or later. gcc-2.96-54 will not build
91 In addition, please pay attention to compiler optimization. Anything
92 greater than -O2 may not be wise. Similarly, if you choose to use gcc-2.95.x
93 or derivatives, be sure not to use -fstrict-aliasing (which, depending on
94 your version of gcc 2.95.x, may necessitate using -fno-strict-aliasing).
99 You will need Gnu make 3.78 or later to build the kernel.
104 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
105 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
106 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
112 Architectural changes
113 ---------------------
115 DevFS is now in the kernel. See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/* in
116 the kernel source tree for all the gory details.
118 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
120 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
121 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
122 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
123 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
124 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
125 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
126 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
127 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
132 New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
133 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
134 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
135 You'll probably want to upgrade.
140 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you'll need a 2.4
141 version of ksymoops to decode the report; see REPORTING-BUGS in the
142 root of the Linux source for more information.
147 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
148 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
153 These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
154 mkinitrd be upgraded.
159 The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
160 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
165 The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
166 The following utilities are available:
167 o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
168 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
169 o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
170 o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
175 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
176 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
177 versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
178 reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
183 The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
184 xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
185 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
186 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code. For the new
187 (v2) log format that has better support for stripe-size aligning on
188 LVM and MD devices at least xfsprogs 2.1.0 is needed.
194 PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main
195 kernel source. Pay attention when you recompile your kernel ;-).
196 Also, be sure to upgrade to the latest pcmcia-cs release.
201 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
202 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
203 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
204 from the table above.
209 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
210 accessible as both a devfs regular file and as a normal (misc)
211 character device. If you are not using devfs you may need to:
214 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
215 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
217 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
218 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
220 If you have compiled the driver as a module you may need to add
223 alias char-major-10-184 microcode
225 to your /etc/modules.conf file.
230 If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to
231 version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems
232 with programs using shared memory.
240 The IP firewalling and NAT code has been replaced again. The new
241 netfilter software (including ipfwadm and ipchains backwards-
242 compatible modules) is currently distributed separately.
244 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
245 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
250 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
251 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
252 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
254 If you are not using devfs, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
255 which can be made by:
257 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
261 If you build ppp support as modules, you will need the following in
262 your /etc/modules.conf file:
264 alias char-major-108 ppp_generic
265 alias /dev/ppp ppp_generic
266 alias tty-ldisc-3 ppp_async
267 alias tty-ldisc-14 ppp_synctty
268 alias ppp-compress-21 bsd_comp
269 alias ppp-compress-24 ppp_deflate
270 alias ppp-compress-26 ppp_deflate
272 If you use devfsd and build ppp support as modules, you will need
273 the following in your /etc/devfsd.conf file:
280 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
281 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
286 In 2.4 and earlier kernels, the nfs server needed to know about any
287 client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
288 information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
289 mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
290 would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
292 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
293 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
294 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
295 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
297 With 2.6 we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd when it
298 gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give appropriate
299 export information to the kernel. This removes the dependency on
300 rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about currently
303 To enable this new functionality, you need to:
305 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfs
307 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
308 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
311 Getting updated software
312 ========================
319 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-2.95.3.tar.gz>
323 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-3.78.1.tar.gz>
327 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
334 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
338 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
342 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
346 o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/>
350 o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
354 o <http://oss.software.ibm.com/jfs>
358 o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz>
362 o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/cmd_tars/xfsprogs-2.1.0.src.tar.gz>
366 o <ftp://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/pub/pcmcia-cs/pcmcia-cs-3.1.21.tar.gz>
370 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
374 o <ftp://ftp.jclark.com/pub/jade/jade-1.2.1.tar.gz>
378 o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/>
382 o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/>
386 o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/>
393 o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz>
397 o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz>
401 o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
405 o <http://netfilter.filewatcher.org/iptables-1.2.tar.bz2>
406 o <http://netfilter.samba.org/iptables-1.2.tar.bz2>
407 o <http://netfilter.kernelnotes.org/iptables-1.2.tar.bz2>
411 o <ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
415 o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
417 Suggestions and corrections
418 ===========================
420 Please feel free to submit changes, corrections, gripes, flames,
421 money, etc. to me <chris.ricker@genetics.utah.edu>. Happy Linuxing!