1 Copyright 2009 Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
3 Debugfs exists as a simple way for kernel developers to make information
4 available to user space. Unlike /proc, which is only meant for information
5 about a process, or sysfs, which has strict one-value-per-file rules,
6 debugfs has no rules at all. Developers can put any information they want
7 there. The debugfs filesystem is also intended to not serve as a stable
8 ABI to user space; in theory, there are no stability constraints placed on
9 files exported there. The real world is not always so simple, though [1];
10 even debugfs interfaces are best designed with the idea that they will need
11 to be maintained forever.
13 Debugfs is typically mounted with a command like:
15 mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
17 (Or an equivalent /etc/fstab line).
19 Note that the debugfs API is exported GPL-only to modules.
21 Code using debugfs should include <linux/debugfs.h>. Then, the first order
22 of business will be to create at least one directory to hold a set of
25 struct dentry *debugfs_create_dir(const char *name, struct dentry *parent);
27 This call, if successful, will make a directory called name underneath the
28 indicated parent directory. If parent is NULL, the directory will be
29 created in the debugfs root. On success, the return value is a struct
30 dentry pointer which can be used to create files in the directory (and to
31 clean it up at the end). A NULL return value indicates that something went
32 wrong. If ERR_PTR(-ENODEV) is returned, that is an indication that the
33 kernel has been built without debugfs support and none of the functions
34 described below will work.
36 The most general way to create a file within a debugfs directory is with:
38 struct dentry *debugfs_create_file(const char *name, mode_t mode,
39 struct dentry *parent, void *data,
40 const struct file_operations *fops);
42 Here, name is the name of the file to create, mode describes the access
43 permissions the file should have, parent indicates the directory which
44 should hold the file, data will be stored in the i_private field of the
45 resulting inode structure, and fops is a set of file operations which
46 implement the file's behavior. At a minimum, the read() and/or write()
47 operations should be provided; others can be included as needed. Again,
48 the return value will be a dentry pointer to the created file, NULL for
49 error, or ERR_PTR(-ENODEV) if debugfs support is missing.
51 In a number of cases, the creation of a set of file operations is not
52 actually necessary; the debugfs code provides a number of helper functions
53 for simple situations. Files containing a single integer value can be
56 struct dentry *debugfs_create_u8(const char *name, mode_t mode,
57 struct dentry *parent, u8 *value);
58 struct dentry *debugfs_create_u16(const char *name, mode_t mode,
59 struct dentry *parent, u16 *value);
60 struct dentry *debugfs_create_u32(const char *name, mode_t mode,
61 struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
62 struct dentry *debugfs_create_u64(const char *name, mode_t mode,
63 struct dentry *parent, u64 *value);
65 These files support both reading and writing the given value; if a specific
66 file should not be written to, simply set the mode bits accordingly. The
67 values in these files are in decimal; if hexadecimal is more appropriate,
68 the following functions can be used instead:
70 struct dentry *debugfs_create_x8(const char *name, mode_t mode,
71 struct dentry *parent, u8 *value);
72 struct dentry *debugfs_create_x16(const char *name, mode_t mode,
73 struct dentry *parent, u16 *value);
74 struct dentry *debugfs_create_x32(const char *name, mode_t mode,
75 struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
76 struct dentry *debugfs_create_x64(const char *name, mode_t mode,
77 struct dentry *parent, u64 *value);
79 These functions are useful as long as the developer knows the size of the
80 value to be exported. Some types can have different widths on different
81 architectures, though, complicating the situation somewhat. There is a
82 function meant to help out in one special case:
84 struct dentry *debugfs_create_size_t(const char *name, mode_t mode,
85 struct dentry *parent,
88 As might be expected, this function will create a debugfs file to represent
89 a variable of type size_t.
91 Boolean values can be placed in debugfs with:
93 struct dentry *debugfs_create_bool(const char *name, mode_t mode,
94 struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
96 A read on the resulting file will yield either Y (for non-zero values) or
97 N, followed by a newline. If written to, it will accept either upper- or
98 lower-case values, or 1 or 0. Any other input will be silently ignored.
100 Finally, a block of arbitrary binary data can be exported with:
102 struct debugfs_blob_wrapper {
107 struct dentry *debugfs_create_blob(const char *name, mode_t mode,
108 struct dentry *parent,
109 struct debugfs_blob_wrapper *blob);
111 A read of this file will return the data pointed to by the
112 debugfs_blob_wrapper structure. Some drivers use "blobs" as a simple way
113 to return several lines of (static) formatted text output. This function
114 can be used to export binary information, but there does not appear to be
115 any code which does so in the mainline. Note that all files created with
116 debugfs_create_blob() are read-only.
118 There are a couple of other directory-oriented helper functions:
120 struct dentry *debugfs_rename(struct dentry *old_dir,
121 struct dentry *old_dentry,
122 struct dentry *new_dir,
123 const char *new_name);
125 struct dentry *debugfs_create_symlink(const char *name,
126 struct dentry *parent,
129 A call to debugfs_rename() will give a new name to an existing debugfs
130 file, possibly in a different directory. The new_name must not exist prior
131 to the call; the return value is old_dentry with updated information.
132 Symbolic links can be created with debugfs_create_symlink().
134 There is one important thing that all debugfs users must take into account:
135 there is no automatic cleanup of any directories created in debugfs. If a
136 module is unloaded without explicitly removing debugfs entries, the result
137 will be a lot of stale pointers and no end of highly antisocial behavior.
138 So all debugfs users - at least those which can be built as modules - must
139 be prepared to remove all files and directories they create there. A file
142 void debugfs_remove(struct dentry *dentry);
144 The dentry value can be NULL, in which case nothing will be removed.
146 Once upon a time, debugfs users were required to remember the dentry
147 pointer for every debugfs file they created so that all files could be
148 cleaned up. We live in more civilized times now, though, and debugfs users
151 void debugfs_remove_recursive(struct dentry *dentry);
153 If this function is passed a pointer for the dentry corresponding to the
154 top-level directory, the entire hierarchy below that directory will be
158 [1] http://lwn.net/Articles/309298/