1 IBM 3270 Display System support
3 This file describes the driver that supports local channel attachment
4 of IBM 3270 devices. It consists of three sections:
12 This paper describes installing and operating 3270 devices under
13 Linux/390. A 3270 device is a block-mode rows-and-columns terminal of
14 which I'm sure hundreds of millions were sold by IBM and clonemakers
15 twenty and thirty years ago.
17 You may have 3270s in-house and not know it. If you're using the
18 VM-ESA operating system, define a 3270 to your virtual machine by using
19 the command "DEF GRAF <hex-address>" This paper presumes you will be
20 defining four 3270s with the CP/CMS commands
27 Your network connection from VM-ESA allows you to use x3270, tn3270, or
28 another 3270 emulator, started from an xterm window on your PC or
29 workstation. With the DEF GRAF command, an application such as xterm,
30 and this Linux-390 3270 driver, you have another way of talking to your
33 This paper covers installation of the driver and operation of a
39 You install the driver by installing a patch, doing a kernel build, and
40 running the configuration script (config3270.sh, in this directory).
42 WARNING: If you are using 3270 console support, you must rerun the
43 configuration script every time you change the console's address (perhaps
44 by using the condev= parameter in silo's /boot/parmfile). More precisely,
45 you should rerun the configuration script every time your set of 3270s,
46 including the console 3270, changes subchannel identifier relative to
47 one another. ReIPL as soon as possible after running the configuration
48 script and the resulting /tmp/mkdev3270.
50 If you have chosen to make tub3270 a module, you add a line to a
51 configuration file under /etc/modprobe.d/. If you are working on a VM
52 virtual machine, you can use DEF GRAF to define virtual 3270 devices.
54 You may generate both 3270 and 3215 console support, or one or the
55 other, or neither. If you generate both, the console type under VM is
56 not changed. Use #CP Q TERM to see what the current console type is.
57 Use #CP TERM CONMODE 3270 to change it to 3270. If you generate only
58 3270 console support, then the driver automatically converts your console
59 at boot time to a 3270 if it is a 3215.
61 In brief, these are the steps:
62 1. Install the tub3270 patch
63 2. (If a module) add a line to a file in /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf
64 3. (If VM) define devices with DEF GRAF
68 To test that everything works, assuming VM and x3270,
69 1. Bring up an x3270 window.
70 2. Use the DIAL command in that window.
71 3. You should immediately see a Linux login screen.
73 Here are the installation steps in detail:
75 1. The 3270 driver is a part of the official Linux kernel
76 source. Build a tree with the kernel source and any necessary
79 (If you wish to disable 3215 console support, edit
80 .config; change CONFIG_TN3215's value to "n";
81 and rerun "make oldconfig".)
86 2. (Perform this step only if you have configured tub3270 as a
87 module.) Add a line to a file /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf to automatically
88 load the driver when it's needed. With this line added, you will see
89 login prompts appear on your 3270s as soon as boot is complete (or
90 with emulated 3270s, as soon as you dial into your vm guest using the
91 command "DIAL <vmguestname>"). Since the line-mode major number is
92 227, the line to add should be:
93 alias char-major-227 tub3270
95 3. Define graphic devices to your vm guest machine, if you
96 haven't already. Define them before you reboot (reipl):
102 4. Reboot. The reboot process scans hardware devices, including
103 3270s, and this enables the tub3270 driver once loaded to respond
104 correctly to the configuration requests of the next step. If
105 you have chosen 3270 console support, your console now behaves
106 as a 3270, not a 3215.
108 5. Run the 3270 configuration script config3270. It is
109 distributed in this same directory, Documentation/s390, as
110 config3270.sh. Inspect the output script it produces,
111 /tmp/mkdev3270, and then run that script. This will create the
112 necessary character special device files and make the necessary
113 changes to /etc/inittab.
115 Then notify /sbin/init that /etc/inittab has changed, by issuing
116 the telinit command with the q operand:
117 cd Documentation/s390
122 This should be sufficient for your first time. If your 3270
123 configuration has changed and you're reusing config3270, you
124 should follow these steps:
125 Change 3270 configuration
127 Run config3270 and /tmp/mkdev3270
130 Here are the testing steps in detail:
132 1. Bring up an x3270 window, or use an actual hardware 3278 or
133 3279, or use the 3270 emulator of your choice. You would be
134 running the emulator on your PC or workstation. You would use
135 the command, for example,
136 x3270 vm-esa-domain-name &
137 if you wanted a 3278 Model 4 with 43 rows of 80 columns, the
138 default model number. The driver does not take advantage of
141 The screen you should now see contains a VM logo with input
142 lines near the bottom. Use TAB to move to the bottom line,
143 probably labeled "COMMAND ===>".
145 2. Use the DIAL command instead of the LOGIN command to connect
146 to one of the virtual 3270s you defined with the DEF GRAF
148 dial my-vm-guest-name
150 3. You should immediately see a login prompt from your
151 Linux-390 operating system. If that does not happen, you would
152 see instead the line "DIALED TO my-vm-guest-name 0620".
154 To troubleshoot: do these things.
156 A. Is the driver loaded? Use the lsmod command (no operands)
157 to find out. Probably it isn't. Try loading it manually, with
158 the command "insmod tub3270". Does that command give error
159 messages? Ha! There's your problem.
161 B. Is the /etc/inittab file modified as in installation step 3
162 above? Use the grep command to find out; for instance, issue
163 "grep 3270 /etc/inittab". Nothing found? There's your
166 C. Are the device special files created, as in installation
167 step 2 above? Use the ls -l command to find out; for instance,
168 issue "ls -l /dev/3270/tty620". The output should start with the
169 letter "c" meaning character device and should contain "227, 1"
170 just to the left of the device name. No such file? no "c"?
171 Wrong major number? Wrong minor number? There's your
174 D. Do you get the message
175 "HCPDIA047E my-vm-guest-name 0620 does not exist"?
176 If so, you must issue the command "DEF GRAF 620" from your VM
177 3215 console and then reboot the system.
183 The driver defines three areas on the 3270 screen: the log area, the
184 input area, and the status area.
186 The log area takes up all but the bottom two lines of the screen. The
187 driver writes terminal output to it, starting at the top line and going
188 down. When it fills, the status area changes from "Linux Running" to
189 "Linux More...". After a scrolling timeout of (default) 5 sec, the
190 screen clears and more output is written, from the top down.
192 The input area extends from the beginning of the second-to-last screen
193 line to the start of the status area. You type commands in this area
194 and hit ENTER to execute them.
196 The status area initializes to "Linux Running" to give you a warm
197 fuzzy feeling. When the log area fills up and output awaits, it
198 changes to "Linux More...". At this time you can do several things or
199 nothing. If you do nothing, the screen will clear in (default) 5 sec
200 and more output will appear. You may hit ENTER with nothing typed in
201 the input area to toggle between "Linux More..." and "Linux Holding",
202 which indicates no scrolling will occur. (If you hit ENTER with "Linux
203 Running" and nothing typed, the application receives a newline.)
205 You may change the scrolling timeout value. For example, the following
207 echo scrolltime=60 > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
208 changes the scrolling timeout value to 60 sec. Set scrolltime to 0 if
209 you wish to prevent scrolling entirely.
211 Other things you may do when the log area fills up are: hit PA2 to
212 clear the log area and write more output to it, or hit CLEAR to clear
213 the log area and the input area and write more output to the log area.
215 Some of the Program Function (PF) and Program Attention (PA) keys are
216 preassigned special functions. The ones that are not yield an alarm
219 PA1 causes a SIGINT to the currently running application. You may do
220 the same thing from the input area, by typing "^C" and hitting ENTER.
222 PA2 causes the log area to be cleared. If output awaits, it is then
223 written to the log area.
225 PF3 causes an EOF to be received as input by the application. You may
226 cause an EOF also by typing "^D" and hitting ENTER.
228 No PF key is preassigned to cause a job suspension, but you may cause a
229 job suspension by typing "^Z" and hitting ENTER. You may wish to
230 assign this function to a PF key. To make PF7 cause job suspension,
232 echo pf7=^z > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
234 If the input you type does not end with the two characters "^n", the
235 driver appends a newline character and sends it to the tty driver;
236 otherwise the driver strips the "^n" and does not append a newline.
237 The IBM 3215 driver behaves similarly.
239 Pf10 causes the most recent command to be retrieved from the tube's
240 command stack (default depth 20) and displayed in the input area. You
241 may hit PF10 again for the next-most-recent command, and so on. A
242 command is entered into the stack only when the input area is not made
243 invisible (such as for password entry) and it is not identical to the
244 current top entry. PF10 rotates backward through the command stack;
245 PF11 rotates forward. You may assign the backward function to any PF
246 key (or PA key, for that matter), say, PA3, with the command:
247 echo -e pa3=\\033k > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
248 This assigns the string ESC-k to PA3. Similarly, the string ESC-j
249 performs the forward function. (Rationale: In bash with vi-mode line
250 editing, ESC-k and ESC-j retrieve backward and forward history.
251 Suggestions welcome.)
253 Is a stack size of twenty commands not to your liking? Change it on
254 the fly. To change to saving the last 100 commands, execute the
256 echo recallsize=100 > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
258 Have a command you issue frequently? Assign it to a PF or PA key! Use
260 echo pf24="mkdir foobar; cd foobar" > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
261 to execute the commands mkdir foobar and cd foobar immediately when you
262 hit PF24. Want to see the command line first, before you execute it?
263 Use the -n option of the echo command:
264 echo -n pf24="mkdir foo; cd foo" > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
268 Happy testing! I welcome any and all comments about this document, the
271 Dick Hitt <rbh00@utsglobal.com>