Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso...

[linux-2.6.git] / kernel / mutex.c

/*
 * kernel/mutex.c
 *
 * Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks
 *
 * Started by Ingo Molnar:
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
 *
 * Many thanks to Arjan van de Ven, Thomas Gleixner, Steven Rostedt and
 * David Howells for suggestions and improvements.
 *
 *  - Adaptive spinning for mutexes by Peter Zijlstra. (Ported to mainline
 *    from the -rt tree, where it was originally implemented for rtmutexes
 *    by Steven Rostedt, based on work by Gregory Haskins, Peter Morreale
 *    and Sven Dietrich.
 *
 * Also see Documentation/mutex-design.txt.
 */
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/rt.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/debug_locks.h>

/*
 * In the DEBUG case we are using the "NULL fastpath" for mutexes,
 * which forces all calls into the slowpath:
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
# include "mutex-debug.h"
# include <asm-generic/mutex-null.h>
#else
# include "mutex.h"
# include <asm/mutex.h>
#endif

/*
 * A negative mutex count indicates that waiters are sleeping waiting for the
 * mutex.
 */
#define MUTEX_SHOW_NO_WAITER(mutex)     (atomic_read(&(mutex)->count) >= 0)

void
__mutex_init(struct mutex *lock, const char *name, struct lock_class_key *key)
{
        atomic_set(&lock->count, 1);
        spin_lock_init(&lock->wait_lock);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lock->wait_list);
        mutex_clear_owner(lock);
#ifdef CONFIG_MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER
        lock->spin_mlock = NULL;
#endif

        debug_mutex_init(lock, name, key);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mutex_init);

#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
/*
 * We split the mutex lock/unlock logic into separate fastpath and
 * slowpath functions, to reduce the register pressure on the fastpath.
 * We also put the fastpath first in the kernel image, to make sure the
 * branch is predicted by the CPU as default-untaken.
 */
static __used noinline void __sched
__mutex_lock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count);

/**
 * mutex_lock - acquire the mutex
 * @lock: the mutex to be acquired
 *
 * Lock the mutex exclusively for this task. If the mutex is not
 * available right now, it will sleep until it can get it.
 *
 * The mutex must later on be released by the same task that
 * acquired it. Recursive locking is not allowed. The task
 * may not exit without first unlocking the mutex. Also, kernel
 * memory where the mutex resides mutex must not be freed with
 * the mutex still locked. The mutex must first be initialized
 * (or statically defined) before it can be locked. memset()-ing
 * the mutex to 0 is not allowed.
 *
 * ( The CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES .config option turns on debugging
 *   checks that will enforce the restrictions and will also do
 *   deadlock debugging. )
 *
 * This function is similar to (but not equivalent to) down().
 */
void __sched mutex_lock(struct mutex *lock)
{
        might_sleep();
        /*
         * The locking fastpath is the 1->0 transition from
         * 'unlocked' into 'locked' state.
         */
        __mutex_fastpath_lock(&lock->count, __mutex_lock_slowpath);
        mutex_set_owner(lock);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(mutex_lock);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER
/*
 * In order to avoid a stampede of mutex spinners from acquiring the mutex
 * more or less simultaneously, the spinners need to acquire a MCS lock
 * first before spinning on the owner field.
 *
 * We don't inline mspin_lock() so that perf can correctly account for the
 * time spent in this lock function.
 */
struct mspin_node {
        struct mspin_node *next ;
        int               locked;       /* 1 if lock acquired */
};
#define MLOCK(mutex)    ((struct mspin_node **)&((mutex)->spin_mlock))

static noinline
void mspin_lock(struct mspin_node **lock, struct mspin_node *node)
{
        struct mspin_node *prev;

        /* Init node */
        node->locked = 0;
        node->next   = NULL;

        prev = xchg(lock, node);
        if (likely(prev == NULL)) {
                /* Lock acquired */
                node->locked = 1;
                return;
        }
        ACCESS_ONCE(prev->next) = node;
        smp_wmb();
        /* Wait until the lock holder passes the lock down */
        while (!ACCESS_ONCE(node->locked))
                arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
}

static void mspin_unlock(struct mspin_node **lock, struct mspin_node *node)
{
        struct mspin_node *next = ACCESS_ONCE(node->next);

        if (likely(!next)) {
                /*
                 * Release the lock by setting it to NULL
                 */
                if (cmpxchg(lock, node, NULL) == node)
                        return;
                /* Wait until the next pointer is set */
                while (!(next = ACCESS_ONCE(node->next)))
                        arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
        }
        ACCESS_ONCE(next->locked) = 1;
        smp_wmb();
}

/*
 * Mutex spinning code migrated from kernel/sched/core.c
 */

static inline bool owner_running(struct mutex *lock, struct task_struct *owner)
{
        if (lock->owner != owner)
                return false;

        /*
         * Ensure we emit the owner->on_cpu, dereference _after_ checking
         * lock->owner still matches owner, if that fails, owner might
         * point to free()d memory, if it still matches, the rcu_read_lock()
         * ensures the memory stays valid.
         */
        barrier();

        return owner->on_cpu;
}

/*
 * Look out! "owner" is an entirely speculative pointer
 * access and not reliable.
 */
static noinline
int mutex_spin_on_owner(struct mutex *lock, struct task_struct *owner)
{
        rcu_read_lock();
        while (owner_running(lock, owner)) {
                if (need_resched())
                        break;

                arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        /*
         * We break out the loop above on need_resched() and when the
         * owner changed, which is a sign for heavy contention. Return
         * success only when lock->owner is NULL.
         */
        return lock->owner == NULL;
}

/*
 * Initial check for entering the mutex spinning loop
 */
static inline int mutex_can_spin_on_owner(struct mutex *lock)
{
        int retval = 1;

        rcu_read_lock();
        if (lock->owner)
                retval = lock->owner->on_cpu;
        rcu_read_unlock();
        /*
         * if lock->owner is not set, the mutex owner may have just acquired
         * it and not set the owner yet or the mutex has been released.
         */
        return retval;
}
#endif

static __used noinline void __sched __mutex_unlock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count);

/**
 * mutex_unlock - release the mutex
 * @lock: the mutex to be released
 *
 * Unlock a mutex that has been locked by this task previously.
 *
 * This function must not be used in interrupt context. Unlocking
 * of a not locked mutex is not allowed.
 *
 * This function is similar to (but not equivalent to) up().
 */
void __sched mutex_unlock(struct mutex *lock)
{
        /*
         * The unlocking fastpath is the 0->1 transition from 'locked'
         * into 'unlocked' state:
         */
#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
        /*
         * When debugging is enabled we must not clear the owner before time,
         * the slow path will always be taken, and that clears the owner field
         * after verifying that it was indeed current.
         */
        mutex_clear_owner(lock);
#endif
        __mutex_fastpath_unlock(&lock->count, __mutex_unlock_slowpath);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(mutex_unlock);

/*
 * Lock a mutex (possibly interruptible), slowpath:
 */
static inline int __sched
__mutex_lock_common(struct mutex *lock, long state, unsigned int subclass,
                    struct lockdep_map *nest_lock, unsigned long ip)
{
        struct task_struct *task = current;
        struct mutex_waiter waiter;
        unsigned long flags;

        preempt_disable();
        mutex_acquire_nest(&lock->dep_map, subclass, 0, nest_lock, ip);

#ifdef CONFIG_MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER
        /*
         * Optimistic spinning.
         *
         * We try to spin for acquisition when we find that there are no
         * pending waiters and the lock owner is currently running on a
         * (different) CPU.
         *
         * The rationale is that if the lock owner is running, it is likely to
         * release the lock soon.
         *
         * Since this needs the lock owner, and this mutex implementation
         * doesn't track the owner atomically in the lock field, we need to
         * track it non-atomically.
         *
         * We can't do this for DEBUG_MUTEXES because that relies on wait_lock
         * to serialize everything.
         *
         * The mutex spinners are queued up using MCS lock so that only one
         * spinner can compete for the mutex. However, if mutex spinning isn't
         * going to happen, there is no point in going through the lock/unlock
         * overhead.
         */
        if (!mutex_can_spin_on_owner(lock))
                goto slowpath;

        for (;;) {
                struct task_struct *owner;
                struct mspin_node  node;

                /*
                 * If there's an owner, wait for it to either
                 * release the lock or go to sleep.
                 */
                mspin_lock(MLOCK(lock), &node);
                owner = ACCESS_ONCE(lock->owner);
                if (owner && !mutex_spin_on_owner(lock, owner)) {
                        mspin_unlock(MLOCK(lock), &node);
                        break;
                }

                if ((atomic_read(&lock->count) == 1) &&
                    (atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->count, 1, 0) == 1)) {
                        lock_acquired(&lock->dep_map, ip);
                        mutex_set_owner(lock);
                        mspin_unlock(MLOCK(lock), &node);
                        preempt_enable();
                        return 0;
                }
                mspin_unlock(MLOCK(lock), &node);

                /*
                 * When there's no owner, we might have preempted between the
                 * owner acquiring the lock and setting the owner field. If
                 * we're an RT task that will live-lock because we won't let
                 * the owner complete.
                 */
                if (!owner && (need_resched() || rt_task(task)))
                        break;

                /*
                 * The cpu_relax() call is a compiler barrier which forces
                 * everything in this loop to be re-loaded. We don't need
                 * memory barriers as we'll eventually observe the right
                 * values at the cost of a few extra spins.
                 */
                arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
        }
slowpath:
#endif
        spin_lock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);

        debug_mutex_lock_common(lock, &waiter);
        debug_mutex_add_waiter(lock, &waiter, task_thread_info(task));

        /* add waiting tasks to the end of the waitqueue (FIFO): */
        list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &lock->wait_list);
        waiter.task = task;

        if (MUTEX_SHOW_NO_WAITER(lock) && (atomic_xchg(&lock->count, -1) == 1))
                goto done;

        lock_contended(&lock->dep_map, ip);

        for (;;) {
                /*
                 * Lets try to take the lock again - this is needed even if
                 * we get here for the first time (shortly after failing to
                 * acquire the lock), to make sure that we get a wakeup once
                 * it's unlocked. Later on, if we sleep, this is the
                 * operation that gives us the lock. We xchg it to -1, so
                 * that when we release the lock, we properly wake up the
                 * other waiters:
                 */
                if (MUTEX_SHOW_NO_WAITER(lock) &&
                   (atomic_xchg(&lock->count, -1) == 1))
                        break;

                /*
                 * got a signal? (This code gets eliminated in the
                 * TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE case.)
                 */
                if (unlikely(signal_pending_state(state, task))) {
                        mutex_remove_waiter(lock, &waiter,
                                            task_thread_info(task));
                        mutex_release(&lock->dep_map, 1, ip);
                        spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);

                        debug_mutex_free_waiter(&waiter);
                        preempt_enable();
                        return -EINTR;
                }
                __set_task_state(task, state);

                /* didn't get the lock, go to sleep: */
                spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
                schedule_preempt_disabled();
                spin_lock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
        }

done:
        lock_acquired(&lock->dep_map, ip);
        /* got the lock - rejoice! */
        mutex_remove_waiter(lock, &waiter, current_thread_info());
        mutex_set_owner(lock);

        /* set it to 0 if there are no waiters left: */
        if (likely(list_empty(&lock->wait_list)))
                atomic_set(&lock->count, 0);

        spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);

        debug_mutex_free_waiter(&waiter);
        preempt_enable();

        return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
void __sched
mutex_lock_nested(struct mutex *lock, unsigned int subclass)
{
        might_sleep();
        __mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, subclass, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mutex_lock_nested);

void __sched
_mutex_lock_nest_lock(struct mutex *lock, struct lockdep_map *nest)
{
        might_sleep();
        __mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, 0, nest, _RET_IP_);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(_mutex_lock_nest_lock);

int __sched
mutex_lock_killable_nested(struct mutex *lock, unsigned int subclass)
{
        might_sleep();
        return __mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_KILLABLE, subclass, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mutex_lock_killable_nested);

int __sched
mutex_lock_interruptible_nested(struct mutex *lock, unsigned int subclass)
{
        might_sleep();
        return __mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE,
                                   subclass, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mutex_lock_interruptible_nested);
#endif

/*
 * Release the lock, slowpath:
 */
static inline void
__mutex_unlock_common_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count, int nested)
{
        struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);
        unsigned long flags;

        spin_lock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
        mutex_release(&lock->dep_map, nested, _RET_IP_);
        debug_mutex_unlock(lock);

        /*
         * some architectures leave the lock unlocked in the fastpath failure
         * case, others need to leave it locked. In the later case we have to
         * unlock it here
         */
        if (__mutex_slowpath_needs_to_unlock())
                atomic_set(&lock->count, 1);

        if (!list_empty(&lock->wait_list)) {
                /* get the first entry from the wait-list: */
                struct mutex_waiter *waiter =
                                list_entry(lock->wait_list.next,
                                           struct mutex_waiter, list);

                debug_mutex_wake_waiter(lock, waiter);

                wake_up_process(waiter->task);
        }

        spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
}

/*
 * Release the lock, slowpath:
 */
static __used noinline void
__mutex_unlock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
        __mutex_unlock_common_slowpath(lock_count, 1);
}

#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
/*
 * Here come the less common (and hence less performance-critical) APIs:
 * mutex_lock_interruptible() and mutex_trylock().
 */
static noinline int __sched
__mutex_lock_killable_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count);

static noinline int __sched
__mutex_lock_interruptible_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count);

/**
 * mutex_lock_interruptible - acquire the mutex, interruptible
 * @lock: the mutex to be acquired
 *
 * Lock the mutex like mutex_lock(), and return 0 if the mutex has
 * been acquired or sleep until the mutex becomes available. If a
 * signal arrives while waiting for the lock then this function
 * returns -EINTR.
 *
 * This function is similar to (but not equivalent to) down_interruptible().
 */
int __sched mutex_lock_interruptible(struct mutex *lock)
{
        int ret;

        might_sleep();
        ret =  __mutex_fastpath_lock_retval
                        (&lock->count, __mutex_lock_interruptible_slowpath);
        if (!ret)
                mutex_set_owner(lock);

        return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(mutex_lock_interruptible);

int __sched mutex_lock_killable(struct mutex *lock)
{
        int ret;

        might_sleep();
        ret = __mutex_fastpath_lock_retval
                        (&lock->count, __mutex_lock_killable_slowpath);
        if (!ret)
                mutex_set_owner(lock);

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(mutex_lock_killable);

static __used noinline void __sched
__mutex_lock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
        struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);

        __mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, 0, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}

static noinline int __sched
__mutex_lock_killable_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
        struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);

        return __mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_KILLABLE, 0, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}

static noinline int __sched
__mutex_lock_interruptible_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
        struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);

        return __mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, 0, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}
#endif

/*
 * Spinlock based trylock, we take the spinlock and check whether we
 * can get the lock:
 */
static inline int __mutex_trylock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
        struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);
        unsigned long flags;
        int prev;

        spin_lock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);

        prev = atomic_xchg(&lock->count, -1);
        if (likely(prev == 1)) {
                mutex_set_owner(lock);
                mutex_acquire(&lock->dep_map, 0, 1, _RET_IP_);
        }

        /* Set it back to 0 if there are no waiters: */
        if (likely(list_empty(&lock->wait_list)))
                atomic_set(&lock->count, 0);

        spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);

        return prev == 1;
}

/**
 * mutex_trylock - try to acquire the mutex, without waiting
 * @lock: the mutex to be acquired
 *
 * Try to acquire the mutex atomically. Returns 1 if the mutex
 * has been acquired successfully, and 0 on contention.
 *
 * NOTE: this function follows the spin_trylock() convention, so
 * it is negated from the down_trylock() return values! Be careful
 * about this when converting semaphore users to mutexes.
 *
 * This function must not be used in interrupt context. The
 * mutex must be released by the same task that acquired it.
 */
int __sched mutex_trylock(struct mutex *lock)
{
        int ret;

        ret = __mutex_fastpath_trylock(&lock->count, __mutex_trylock_slowpath);
        if (ret)
                mutex_set_owner(lock);

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(mutex_trylock);

/**
 * atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock - return holding mutex if we dec to 0
 * @cnt: the atomic which we are to dec
 * @lock: the mutex to return holding if we dec to 0
 *
 * return true and hold lock if we dec to 0, return false otherwise
 */
int atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock(atomic_t *cnt, struct mutex *lock)
{
        /* dec if we can't possibly hit 0 */
        if (atomic_add_unless(cnt, -1, 1))
                return 0;
        /* we might hit 0, so take the lock */
        mutex_lock(lock);
        if (!atomic_dec_and_test(cnt)) {
                /* when we actually did the dec, we didn't hit 0 */
                mutex_unlock(lock);
                return 0;
        }
        /* we hit 0, and we hold the lock */
        return 1;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock);