Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
   3         "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
   4
   5 <book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
   6  <bookinfo>
   7   <title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
   8
   9   <legalnotice>
  10    <para>
  11      This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
  12      it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
  13      License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  14      version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
  15      version.
  16    </para>
  17
  18    <para>
  19      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
  20      useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
  21      warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  22      See the GNU General Public License for more details.
  23    </para>
  24
  25    <para>
  26      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
  27      License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
  28      Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
  29      MA 02111-1307 USA
  30    </para>
  31
  32    <para>
  33      For more details see the file COPYING in the source
  34      distribution of Linux.
  35    </para>
  36   </legalnotice>
  37  </bookinfo>
  38
  39 <toc></toc>
  40
  41   <chapter id="adt">
  42      <title>Data Types</title>
  43      <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
  44 !Iinclude/linux/list.h
  45      </sect1>
  46   </chapter>
  47
  48   <chapter id="libc">
  49      <title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
  50
  51      <para>
  52        When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
  53        from the C Library.  Some of the functions have been found generally
  54        useful and they are listed below.  The behaviour of these functions
  55        may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
  56        are noted in the text.
  57      </para>
  58
  59      <sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
  60 !Elib/vsprintf.c
  61 !Finclude/linux/kernel.h kstrtol
  62 !Finclude/linux/kernel.h kstrtoul
  63 !Elib/kstrtox.c
  64      </sect1>
  65      <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
  66 <!-- All functions are exported at now
  67 X!Ilib/string.c
  68  -->
  69 !Elib/string.c
  70      </sect1>
  71      <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
  72 !Iarch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h
  73      </sect1>
  74   </chapter>
  75
  76   <chapter id="kernel-lib">
  77      <title>Basic Kernel Library Functions</title>
  78
  79      <para>
  80        The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
  81      </para>
  82
  83      <sect1><title>Bitmap Operations</title>
  84 !Elib/bitmap.c
  85 !Ilib/bitmap.c
  86      </sect1>
  87
  88      <sect1><title>Command-line Parsing</title>
  89 !Elib/cmdline.c
  90      </sect1>
  91
  92      <sect1 id="crc"><title>CRC Functions</title>
  93 !Elib/crc7.c
  94 !Elib/crc16.c
  95 !Elib/crc-itu-t.c
  96 !Elib/crc32.c
  97 !Elib/crc-ccitt.c
  98      </sect1>
  99
 100      <sect1 id="idr"><title>idr/ida Functions</title>
 101 !Pinclude/linux/idr.h idr sync
 102 !Plib/idr.c IDA description
 103 !Elib/idr.c
 104      </sect1>
 105   </chapter>
 106
 107   <chapter id="mm">
 108      <title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
 109      <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
 110 !Iinclude/linux/slab.h
 111 !Emm/slab.c
 112      </sect1>
 113      <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
 114 !Iarch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h
 115 !Earch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
 116      </sect1>
 117      <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
 118 !Emm/readahead.c
 119 !Emm/filemap.c
 120 !Emm/memory.c
 121 !Emm/vmalloc.c
 122 !Imm/page_alloc.c
 123 !Emm/mempool.c
 124 !Emm/dmapool.c
 125 !Emm/page-writeback.c
 126 !Emm/truncate.c
 127      </sect1>
 128   </chapter>
 129
 130
 131   <chapter id="ipc">
 132      <title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
 133
 134      <sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
 135 !Iipc/util.c
 136      </sect1>
 137   </chapter>
 138
 139   <chapter id="kfifo">
 140      <title>FIFO Buffer</title>
 141      <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
 142 !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
 143      </sect1>
 144   </chapter>
 145
 146   <chapter id="relayfs">
 147      <title>relay interface support</title>
 148
 149      <para>
 150         Relay interface support
 151         is designed to provide an efficient mechanism for tools and
 152         facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel space to
 153         user space.
 154      </para>
 155
 156      <sect1><title>relay interface</title>
 157 !Ekernel/relay.c
 158 !Ikernel/relay.c
 159      </sect1>
 160   </chapter>
 161
 162   <chapter id="modload">
 163      <title>Module Support</title>
 164      <sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
 165 !Ekernel/kmod.c
 166      </sect1>
 167      <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
 168         <para>
 169            Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
 170         </para>
 171 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 172 X!Ekernel/module.c
 173 -->
 174      </sect1>
 175   </chapter>
 176
 177   <chapter id="hardware">
 178      <title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
 179      <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
 180 !Ekernel/irq/manage.c
 181      </sect1>
 182
 183      <sect1><title>DMA Channels</title>
 184 !Ekernel/dma.c
 185      </sect1>
 186
 187      <sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
 188 !Ikernel/resource.c
 189 !Ekernel/resource.c
 190      </sect1>
 191
 192      <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
 193 !Earch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
 194      </sect1>
 195
 196      <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
 197 !Edrivers/pci/pci.c
 198 !Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
 199 !Edrivers/pci/remove.c
 200 !Edrivers/pci/search.c
 201 !Edrivers/pci/msi.c
 202 !Edrivers/pci/bus.c
 203 !Edrivers/pci/access.c
 204 !Edrivers/pci/irq.c
 205 !Edrivers/pci/htirq.c
 206 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 207 X!Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
 208 -->
 209 !Edrivers/pci/probe.c
 210 !Edrivers/pci/slot.c
 211 !Edrivers/pci/rom.c
 212 !Edrivers/pci/iov.c
 213 !Idrivers/pci/pci-sysfs.c
 214      </sect1>
 215      <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
 216 !Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
 217      </sect1>
 218   </chapter>
 219
 220   <chapter id="firmware">
 221      <title>Firmware Interfaces</title>
 222      <sect1><title>DMI Interfaces</title>
 223 !Edrivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
 224      </sect1>
 225      <sect1><title>EDD Interfaces</title>
 226 !Idrivers/firmware/edd.c
 227      </sect1>
 228   </chapter>
 229
 230   <chapter id="security">
 231      <title>Security Framework</title>
 232 !Isecurity/security.c
 233 !Esecurity/inode.c
 234   </chapter>
 235
 236   <chapter id="audit">
 237      <title>Audit Interfaces</title>
 238 !Ekernel/audit.c
 239 !Ikernel/auditsc.c
 240 !Ikernel/auditfilter.c
 241   </chapter>
 242
 243   <chapter id="accounting">
 244      <title>Accounting Framework</title>
 245 !Ikernel/acct.c
 246   </chapter>
 247
 248   <chapter id="blkdev">
 249      <title>Block Devices</title>
 250 !Eblock/blk-core.c
 251 !Iblock/blk-core.c
 252 !Eblock/blk-map.c
 253 !Iblock/blk-sysfs.c
 254 !Eblock/blk-settings.c
 255 !Eblock/blk-exec.c
 256 !Eblock/blk-flush.c
 257 !Eblock/blk-lib.c
 258 !Eblock/blk-tag.c
 259 !Iblock/blk-tag.c
 260 !Eblock/blk-integrity.c
 261 !Ikernel/trace/blktrace.c
 262 !Iblock/genhd.c
 263 !Eblock/genhd.c
 264   </chapter>
 265
 266   <chapter id="chrdev">
 267         <title>Char devices</title>
 268 !Efs/char_dev.c
 269   </chapter>
 270
 271   <chapter id="miscdev">
 272      <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
 273 !Edrivers/char/misc.c
 274   </chapter>
 275
 276   <chapter id="clk">
 277      <title>Clock Framework</title>
 278
 279      <para>
 280         The clock framework defines programming interfaces to support
 281         software management of the system clock tree.
 282         This framework is widely used with System-On-Chip (SOC) platforms
 283         to support power management and various devices which may need
 284         custom clock rates.
 285         Note that these "clocks" don't relate to timekeeping or real
 286         time clocks (RTCs), each of which have separate frameworks.
 287         These <structname>struct clk</structname> instances may be used
 288         to manage for example a 96 MHz signal that is used to shift bits
 289         into and out of peripherals or busses, or otherwise trigger
 290         synchronous state machine transitions in system hardware.
 291      </para>
 292
 293      <para>
 294         Power management is supported by explicit software clock gating:
 295         unused clocks are disabled, so the system doesn't waste power
 296         changing the state of transistors that aren't in active use.
 297         On some systems this may be backed by hardware clock gating,
 298         where clocks are gated without being disabled in software.
 299         Sections of chips that are powered but not clocked may be able
 300         to retain their last state.
 301         This low power state is often called a <emphasis>retention
 302         mode</emphasis>.
 303         This mode still incurs leakage currents, especially with finer
 304         circuit geometries, but for CMOS circuits power is mostly used
 305         by clocked state changes.
 306      </para>
 307
 308      <para>
 309         Power-aware drivers only enable their clocks when the device
 310         they manage is in active use.  Also, system sleep states often
 311         differ according to which clock domains are active:  while a
 312         "standby" state may allow wakeup from several active domains, a
 313         "mem" (suspend-to-RAM) state may require a more wholesale shutdown
 314         of clocks derived from higher speed PLLs and oscillators, limiting
 315         the number of possible wakeup event sources.  A driver's suspend
 316         method may need to be aware of system-specific clock constraints
 317         on the target sleep state.
 318      </para>
 319
 320      <para>
 321         Some platforms support programmable clock generators.  These
 322         can be used by external chips of various kinds, such as other
 323         CPUs, multimedia codecs, and devices with strict requirements
 324         for interface clocking.
 325      </para>
 326
 327 !Iinclude/linux/clk.h
 328   </chapter>
 329
 330 </book>