5 This document describes how to use the dynamic debug (dyndbg) feature.
7 Dynamic debug is designed to allow you to dynamically enable/disable
8 kernel code to obtain additional kernel information. Currently, if
9 CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG is set, then all pr_debug()/dev_dbg() and
10 print_hex_dump_debug()/print_hex_dump_bytes() calls can be dynamically
13 If CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG is not set, print_hex_dump_debug() is just
14 shortcut for print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG).
16 For print_hex_dump_debug()/print_hex_dump_bytes(), format string is
17 its 'prefix_str' argument, if it is constant string; or "hexdump"
18 in case 'prefix_str' is build dynamically.
20 Dynamic debug has even more useful features:
22 * Simple query language allows turning on and off debugging
23 statements by matching any combination of 0 or 1 of:
27 - line number (including ranges of line numbers)
31 * Provides a debugfs control file: <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
32 which can be read to display the complete list of known debug
33 statements, to help guide you
35 Controlling dynamic debug Behaviour
36 ===================================
38 The behaviour of pr_debug()/dev_dbg()s are controlled via writing to a
39 control file in the 'debugfs' filesystem. Thus, you must first mount
40 the debugfs filesystem, in order to make use of this feature.
41 Subsequently, we refer to the control file as:
42 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control. For example, if you want to enable
43 printing from source file 'svcsock.c', line 1603 you simply do:
45 nullarbor:~ # echo 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
46 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
48 If you make a mistake with the syntax, the write will fail thus:
50 nullarbor:~ # echo 'file svcsock.c wtf 1 +p' >
51 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
52 -bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
54 Viewing Dynamic Debug Behaviour
55 ===========================
57 You can view the currently configured behaviour of all the debug
60 nullarbor:~ # cat <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
61 # filename:lineno [module]function flags format
62 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:323 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_cleanup =_ "SVCRDMA Module Removed, deregister RPC RDMA transport\012"
63 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:341 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_init =_ "\011max_inline : %d\012"
64 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:340 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_init =_ "\011sq_depth : %d\012"
65 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:338 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_init =_ "\011max_requests : %d\012"
69 You can also apply standard Unix text manipulation filters to this
72 nullarbor:~ # grep -i rdma <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control | wc -l
75 nullarbor:~ # grep -i tcp <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control | wc -l
78 The third column shows the currently enabled flags for each debug
79 statement callsite (see below for definitions of the flags). The
80 default value, with no flags enabled, is "=_". So you can view all
81 the debug statement callsites with any non-default flags:
83 nullarbor:~ # awk '$3 != "=_"' <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
84 # filename:lineno [module]function flags format
85 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svcsock.c:1603 [sunrpc]svc_send p "svc_process: st_sendto returned %d\012"
88 Command Language Reference
89 ==========================
91 At the lexical level, a command comprises a sequence of words separated
92 by spaces or tabs. So these are all equivalent:
94 nullarbor:~ # echo -c 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
95 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
96 nullarbor:~ # echo -c ' file svcsock.c line 1603 +p ' >
97 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
98 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
99 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
101 Command submissions are bounded by a write() system call.
102 Multiple commands can be written together, separated by ';' or '\n'.
104 ~# echo "func pnpacpi_get_resources +p; func pnp_assign_mem +p" \
105 > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
107 If your query set is big, you can batch them too:
109 ~# cat query-batch-file > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
111 At the syntactical level, a command comprises a sequence of match
112 specifications, followed by a flags change specification.
114 command ::= match-spec* flags-spec
116 The match-spec's are used to choose a subset of the known pr_debug()
117 callsites to which to apply the flags-spec. Think of them as a query
118 with implicit ANDs between each pair. Note that an empty list of
119 match-specs will select all debug statement callsites.
121 A match specification comprises a keyword, which controls the
122 attribute of the callsite to be compared, and a value to compare
123 against. Possible keywords are:
125 match-spec ::= 'func' string |
131 line-range ::= lineno |
135 // Note: line-range cannot contain space, e.g.
136 // "1-30" is valid range but "1 - 30" is not.
138 lineno ::= unsigned-int
140 The meanings of each keyword are:
143 The given string is compared against the function name
144 of each callsite. Example:
149 The given string is compared against either the full pathname, the
150 src-root relative pathname, or the basename of the source file of
151 each callsite. Examples:
154 file kernel/freezer.c
155 file /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svcsock.c
158 The given string is compared against the module name
159 of each callsite. The module name is the string as
160 seen in "lsmod", i.e. without the directory or the .ko
161 suffix and with '-' changed to '_'. Examples:
167 The given string is searched for in the dynamic debug format
168 string. Note that the string does not need to match the
169 entire format, only some part. Whitespace and other
170 special characters can be escaped using C octal character
171 escape \ooo notation, e.g. the space character is \040.
172 Alternatively, the string can be enclosed in double quote
173 characters (") or single quote characters (').
176 format svcrdma: // many of the NFS/RDMA server pr_debugs
177 format readahead // some pr_debugs in the readahead cache
178 format nfsd:\040SETATTR // one way to match a format with whitespace
179 format "nfsd: SETATTR" // a neater way to match a format with whitespace
180 format 'nfsd: SETATTR' // yet another way to match a format with whitespace
183 The given line number or range of line numbers is compared
184 against the line number of each pr_debug() callsite. A single
185 line number matches the callsite line number exactly. A
186 range of line numbers matches any callsite between the first
187 and last line number inclusive. An empty first number means
188 the first line in the file, an empty line number means the
189 last number in the file. Examples:
191 line 1603 // exactly line 1603
192 line 1600-1605 // the six lines from line 1600 to line 1605
193 line -1605 // the 1605 lines from line 1 to line 1605
194 line 1600- // all lines from line 1600 to the end of the file
196 The flags specification comprises a change operation followed
197 by one or more flag characters. The change operation is one
200 - remove the given flags
201 + add the given flags
202 = set the flags to the given flags
206 p enables the pr_debug() callsite.
207 f Include the function name in the printed message
208 l Include line number in the printed message
209 m Include module name in the printed message
210 t Include thread ID in messages not generated from interrupt context
211 _ No flags are set. (Or'd with others on input)
213 For print_hex_dump_debug() and print_hex_dump_bytes(), only 'p' flag
214 have meaning, other flags ignored.
216 For display, the flags are preceded by '='
217 (mnemonic: what the flags are currently equal to).
219 Note the regexp ^[-+=][flmpt_]+$ matches a flags specification.
220 To clear all flags at once, use "=_" or "-flmpt".
223 Debug messages during Boot Process
224 ==================================
226 To activate debug messages for core code and built-in modules during
227 the boot process, even before userspace and debugfs exists, use
228 dyndbg="QUERY", module.dyndbg="QUERY", or ddebug_query="QUERY"
229 (ddebug_query is obsoleted by dyndbg, and deprecated). QUERY follows
230 the syntax described above, but must not exceed 1023 characters. Your
231 bootloader may impose lower limits.
233 These dyndbg params are processed just after the ddebug tables are
234 processed, as part of the arch_initcall. Thus you can enable debug
235 messages in all code run after this arch_initcall via this boot
238 On an x86 system for example ACPI enablement is a subsys_initcall and
239 dyndbg="file ec.c +p"
240 will show early Embedded Controller transactions during ACPI setup if
241 your machine (typically a laptop) has an Embedded Controller.
242 PCI (or other devices) initialization also is a hot candidate for using
243 this boot parameter for debugging purposes.
245 If foo module is not built-in, foo.dyndbg will still be processed at
246 boot time, without effect, but will be reprocessed when module is
247 loaded later. dyndbg_query= and bare dyndbg= are only processed at
251 Debug Messages at Module Initialization Time
252 ============================================
254 When "modprobe foo" is called, modprobe scans /proc/cmdline for
255 foo.params, strips "foo.", and passes them to the kernel along with
256 params given in modprobe args or /etc/modprob.d/*.conf files,
257 in the following order:
259 1. # parameters given via /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf
260 options foo dyndbg=+pt
261 options foo dyndbg # defaults to +p
263 2. # foo.dyndbg as given in boot args, "foo." is stripped and passed
264 foo.dyndbg=" func bar +p; func buz +mp"
266 3. # args to modprobe
267 modprobe foo dyndbg==pmf # override previous settings
269 These dyndbg queries are applied in order, with last having final say.
270 This allows boot args to override or modify those from /etc/modprobe.d
271 (sensible, since 1 is system wide, 2 is kernel or boot specific), and
272 modprobe args to override both.
274 In the foo.dyndbg="QUERY" form, the query must exclude "module foo".
275 "foo" is extracted from the param-name, and applied to each query in
276 "QUERY", and only 1 match-spec of each type is allowed.
278 The dyndbg option is a "fake" module parameter, which means:
280 - modules do not need to define it explicitly
281 - every module gets it tacitly, whether they use pr_debug or not
282 - it doesn't appear in /sys/module/$module/parameters/
283 To see it, grep the control file, or inspect /proc/cmdline.
285 For CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG kernels, any settings given at boot-time (or
286 enabled by -DDEBUG flag during compilation) can be disabled later via
287 the sysfs interface if the debug messages are no longer needed:
289 echo "module module_name -p" > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
294 // enable the message at line 1603 of file svcsock.c
295 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
296 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
298 // enable all the messages in file svcsock.c
299 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c +p' >
300 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
302 // enable all the messages in the NFS server module
303 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'module nfsd +p' >
304 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
306 // enable all 12 messages in the function svc_process()
307 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'func svc_process +p' >
308 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
310 // disable all 12 messages in the function svc_process()
311 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'func svc_process -p' >
312 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
314 // enable messages for NFS calls READ, READLINK, READDIR and READDIR+.
315 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'format "nfsd: READ" +p' >
316 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
318 // enable all messages
319 nullarbor:~ # echo -n '+p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
321 // add module, function to all enabled messages
322 nullarbor:~ # echo -n '+mf' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
324 // boot-args example, with newlines and comments for readability
325 Kernel command line: ...
326 // see whats going on in dyndbg=value processing
327 dynamic_debug.verbose=1
328 // enable pr_debugs in 2 builtins, #cmt is stripped
329 dyndbg="module params +p #cmt ; module sys +p"
330 // enable pr_debugs in 2 functions in a module loaded later
331 pc87360.dyndbg="func pc87360_init_device +p; func pc87360_find +p"