2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
23 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
24 #include <linux/sizes.h>
26 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
27 #include <asm/memblock.h>
29 #include <asm/sections.h>
30 #include <asm/setup.h>
32 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
34 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
35 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
39 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata
= 0;
40 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata
= 0;
42 static int __init
early_initrd(char *p
)
44 unsigned long start
, size
;
47 start
= memparse(p
, &endp
);
49 size
= memparse(endp
+ 1, NULL
);
51 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
52 phys_initrd_size
= size
;
56 early_param("initrd", early_initrd
);
58 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag
*tag
)
60 printk(KERN_WARNING
"ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
61 "please update your bootloader.\n");
62 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(tag
->u
.initrd
.start
);
63 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
67 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD
, parse_tag_initrd
);
69 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag
*tag
)
71 phys_initrd_start
= tag
->u
.initrd
.start
;
72 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
76 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2
, parse_tag_initrd2
);
78 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
79 void __init
early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
81 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
82 phys_initrd_size
= end
- start
;
84 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
87 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
88 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
89 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
91 struct meminfo meminfo
;
93 void show_mem(unsigned int filter
)
95 int free
= 0, total
= 0, reserved
= 0;
96 int shared
= 0, cached
= 0, slab
= 0, i
;
97 struct meminfo
* mi
= &meminfo
;
99 printk("Mem-info:\n");
100 show_free_areas(filter
);
102 if (filter
& SHOW_MEM_FILTER_PAGE_COUNT
)
105 for_each_bank (i
, mi
) {
106 struct membank
*bank
= &mi
->bank
[i
];
107 unsigned int pfn1
, pfn2
;
108 struct page
*page
, *end
;
110 pfn1
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
111 pfn2
= bank_pfn_end(bank
);
113 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn1
);
114 end
= pfn_to_page(pfn2
- 1) + 1;
118 if (PageReserved(page
))
120 else if (PageSwapCache(page
))
122 else if (PageSlab(page
))
124 else if (!page_count(page
))
127 shared
+= page_count(page
) - 1;
129 } while (page
< end
);
132 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total
);
133 printk("%d free pages\n", free
);
134 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved
);
135 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab
);
136 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared
);
137 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached
);
140 static void __init
find_limits(unsigned long *min
, unsigned long *max_low
,
141 unsigned long *max_high
)
143 struct meminfo
*mi
= &meminfo
;
146 /* This assumes the meminfo array is properly sorted */
147 *min
= bank_pfn_start(&mi
->bank
[0]);
148 for_each_bank (i
, mi
)
149 if (mi
->bank
[i
].highmem
)
151 *max_low
= bank_pfn_end(&mi
->bank
[i
- 1]);
152 *max_high
= bank_pfn_end(&mi
->bank
[mi
->nr_banks
- 1]);
155 static void __init
arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn
,
156 unsigned long end_pfn
)
158 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
159 unsigned int boot_pages
;
164 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
165 * of memory which has already been mapped.
167 boot_pages
= bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn
- start_pfn
);
168 bitmap
= memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages
<< PAGE_SHIFT
, L1_CACHE_BYTES
,
169 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn
));
172 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
173 * memory banks over to bootmem.
176 pgdat
= NODE_DATA(0);
177 init_bootmem_node(pgdat
, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap
), start_pfn
, end_pfn
);
179 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
180 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
181 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
182 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
189 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start
), (end
- start
) << PAGE_SHIFT
);
192 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
193 for_each_memblock(reserved
, reg
) {
194 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg
);
195 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg
);
202 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start
),
203 (end
- start
) << PAGE_SHIFT
, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT
);
207 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
209 unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly
;
210 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size
);
213 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
214 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
215 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
216 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
218 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit
;
220 static void __init
arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size
, unsigned long *hole
,
221 unsigned long dma_size
)
223 if (size
[0] <= dma_size
)
226 size
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = size
[0] - dma_size
;
227 size
[ZONE_DMA
] = dma_size
;
228 hole
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = hole
[0];
233 void __init
setup_dma_zone(struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
235 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
236 if (mdesc
->dma_zone_size
) {
237 arm_dma_zone_size
= mdesc
->dma_zone_size
;
238 arm_dma_limit
= PHYS_OFFSET
+ arm_dma_zone_size
- 1;
240 arm_dma_limit
= 0xffffffff;
244 static void __init
arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min
, unsigned long max_low
,
245 unsigned long max_high
)
247 unsigned long zone_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
], zhole_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
248 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
251 * initialise the zones.
253 memset(zone_size
, 0, sizeof(zone_size
));
256 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
257 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
258 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
260 zone_size
[0] = max_low
- min
;
261 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
262 zone_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] = max_high
- max_low
;
266 * Calculate the size of the holes.
267 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
269 memcpy(zhole_size
, zone_size
, sizeof(zhole_size
));
270 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
271 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
272 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
274 if (start
< max_low
) {
275 unsigned long low_end
= min(end
, max_low
);
276 zhole_size
[0] -= low_end
- start
;
278 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
280 unsigned long high_start
= max(start
, max_low
);
281 zhole_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] -= end
- high_start
;
286 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
288 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
291 if (arm_dma_zone_size
)
292 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size
, zhole_size
,
293 arm_dma_zone_size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
296 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size
, min
, zhole_size
);
299 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
300 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn
)
302 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn
));
304 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid
);
307 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
308 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
312 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
314 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
316 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
)
317 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
),
318 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
));
322 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= true;
324 phys_addr_t __init
arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size
, phys_addr_t align
)
328 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted
);
330 phys
= memblock_alloc_base(size
, align
, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE
);
331 memblock_free(phys
, size
);
332 memblock_remove(phys
, size
);
337 void __init
arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo
*mi
, struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
341 for (i
= 0; i
< mi
->nr_banks
; i
++)
342 memblock_add(mi
->bank
[i
].start
, mi
->bank
[i
].size
);
344 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
345 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
346 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata
), _end
- _sdata
);
348 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext
), _end
- _stext
);
350 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
351 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
352 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
353 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
354 phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
355 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
357 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
358 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
359 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
360 phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
361 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
363 if (phys_initrd_size
) {
364 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
366 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
367 initrd_start
= __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start
);
368 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ phys_initrd_size
;
372 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
373 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
375 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
380 * reserve memory for DMA contigouos allocations,
381 * must come from DMA area inside low memory
383 dma_contiguous_reserve(min(arm_dma_limit
, arm_lowmem_limit
));
385 arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= false;
386 memblock_allow_resize();
390 void __init
bootmem_init(void)
392 unsigned long min
, max_low
, max_high
;
394 max_low
= max_high
= 0;
396 find_limits(&min
, &max_low
, &max_high
);
398 arm_bootmem_init(min
, max_low
);
401 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
402 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
404 arm_memory_present();
407 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
412 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
413 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
414 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
416 arm_bootmem_free(min
, max_low
, max_high
);
419 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
420 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
421 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
423 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
424 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
426 max_low_pfn
= max_low
- PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
427 max_pfn
= max_high
- PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
431 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
432 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
434 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s
, size_t count
)
437 for (; count
!= 0; count
-= 4)
442 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
)
444 struct page
*start_pg
, *end_pg
;
445 unsigned long pg
, pgend
;
448 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
450 start_pg
= pfn_to_page(start_pfn
- 1) + 1;
451 end_pg
= pfn_to_page(end_pfn
- 1) + 1;
454 * Convert to physical addresses, and
455 * round start upwards and end downwards.
457 pg
= (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg
));
458 pgend
= (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg
) & PAGE_MASK
;
461 * If there are free pages between these,
462 * free the section of the memmap array.
465 free_bootmem(pg
, pgend
- pg
);
469 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
471 static void __init
free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo
*mi
)
473 unsigned long bank_start
, prev_bank_end
= 0;
477 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
478 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
480 for_each_bank(i
, mi
) {
481 struct membank
*bank
= &mi
->bank
[i
];
483 bank_start
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
485 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
487 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
488 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
490 bank_start
= min(bank_start
,
491 ALIGN(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
494 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
495 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
496 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
498 bank_start
= round_down(bank_start
, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
501 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
502 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
504 if (prev_bank_end
&& prev_bank_end
< bank_start
)
505 free_memmap(prev_bank_end
, bank_start
);
508 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
509 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
510 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
512 prev_bank_end
= ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank
), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
515 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
516 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
))
517 free_memmap(prev_bank_end
,
518 ALIGN(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
522 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
523 static inline void free_area_high(unsigned long pfn
, unsigned long end
)
525 for (; pfn
< end
; pfn
++)
526 free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn
));
530 static void __init
free_highpages(void)
532 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
533 unsigned long max_low
= max_low_pfn
+ PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
534 struct memblock_region
*mem
, *res
;
536 /* set highmem page free */
537 for_each_memblock(memory
, mem
) {
538 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem
);
539 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem
);
541 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
545 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
549 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
550 for_each_memblock(reserved
, res
) {
551 unsigned long res_start
, res_end
;
553 res_start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res
);
554 res_end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res
);
558 if (res_start
< start
)
564 if (res_start
!= start
)
565 free_area_high(start
, res_start
);
571 /* And now free anything which remains */
573 free_area_high(start
, end
);
579 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
580 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
581 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
583 void __init
mem_init(void)
585 unsigned long reserved_pages
, free_pages
;
586 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
588 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
589 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
594 max_mapnr
= pfn_to_page(max_pfn
+ PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
) - mem_map
;
596 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
597 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo
);
599 totalram_pages
+= free_all_bootmem();
602 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
603 free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
), swapper_pg_dir
, 0, NULL
);
608 reserved_pages
= free_pages
= 0;
610 for_each_bank(i
, &meminfo
) {
611 struct membank
*bank
= &meminfo
.bank
[i
];
612 unsigned int pfn1
, pfn2
;
613 struct page
*page
, *end
;
615 pfn1
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
616 pfn2
= bank_pfn_end(bank
);
618 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn1
);
619 end
= pfn_to_page(pfn2
- 1) + 1;
622 if (PageReserved(page
))
624 else if (!page_count(page
))
627 } while (page
< end
);
631 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
632 * real number of pages we have in this system
634 printk(KERN_INFO
"Memory:");
636 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
637 unsigned long pages
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
) -
638 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
639 num_physpages
+= pages
;
640 printk(" %ldMB", pages
>> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT
));
642 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages
>> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT
));
644 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
645 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
646 free_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
647 reserved_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
648 totalhigh_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10));
650 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
651 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
652 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
654 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
655 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
656 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
657 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
658 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
660 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
661 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
662 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
663 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
664 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
666 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
667 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
669 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
670 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
671 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
672 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
674 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
) +
676 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
677 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) dtcm_end
),
678 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) itcm_end
),
680 MLK(FIXADDR_START
, FIXADDR_TOP
),
681 MLM(VMALLOC_START
, VMALLOC_END
),
682 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET
, (unsigned long)high_memory
),
683 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
684 MLM(PKMAP_BASE
, (PKMAP_BASE
) + (LAST_PKMAP
) *
687 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
688 MLM(MODULES_VADDR
, MODULES_END
),
691 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text
, _etext
),
692 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin
, __init_end
),
693 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata
, _edata
),
694 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start
, __bss_stop
));
701 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
702 * be detected at build time already.
705 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
706 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
709 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
710 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
711 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
714 if (PAGE_SIZE
>= 16384 && num_physpages
<= 128) {
715 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory
;
717 * On a machine this small we won't get
718 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
721 sysctl_overcommit_memory
= OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS
;
725 void free_initmem(void)
727 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
728 extern char __tcm_start
, __tcm_end
;
730 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
- &__tcm_start
);
731 free_reserved_area(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
, 0, "TCM link");
734 poison_init_mem(__init_begin
, __init_end
- __init_begin
);
735 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
736 free_initmem_default(0);
739 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
741 static int keep_initrd
;
743 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
746 poison_init_mem((void *)start
, PAGE_ALIGN(end
) - start
);
747 free_reserved_area(start
, end
, 0, "initrd");
751 static int __init
keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused
)
757 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup
);