4 * Copyright (C) 1998,2000 Rik van Riel
5 * Thanks go out to Claus Fischer for some serious inspiration and
6 * for goading me into coding this file...
7 * Copyright (C) 2010 Google, Inc.
8 * Rewritten by David Rientjes
10 * The routines in this file are used to kill a process when
11 * we're seriously out of memory. This gets called from __alloc_pages()
12 * in mm/page_alloc.c when we really run out of memory.
14 * Since we won't call these routines often (on a well-configured
15 * machine) this file will double as a 'coding guide' and a signpost
16 * for newbie kernel hackers. It features several pointers to major
17 * kernel subsystems and hints as to where to find out what things do.
20 #include <linux/oom.h>
22 #include <linux/err.h>
23 #include <linux/gfp.h>
24 #include <linux/sched.h>
25 #include <linux/swap.h>
26 #include <linux/timex.h>
27 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
28 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
29 #include <linux/module.h>
30 #include <linux/notifier.h>
31 #include <linux/memcontrol.h>
32 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
33 #include <linux/security.h>
34 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
36 int sysctl_panic_on_oom
;
37 int sysctl_oom_kill_allocating_task
;
38 int sysctl_oom_dump_tasks
= 1;
39 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(zone_scan_lock
);
43 * has_intersects_mems_allowed() - check task eligiblity for kill
44 * @tsk: task struct of which task to consider
45 * @mask: nodemask passed to page allocator for mempolicy ooms
47 * Task eligibility is determined by whether or not a candidate task, @tsk,
48 * shares the same mempolicy nodes as current if it is bound by such a policy
49 * and whether or not it has the same set of allowed cpuset nodes.
51 static bool has_intersects_mems_allowed(struct task_struct
*tsk
,
52 const nodemask_t
*mask
)
54 struct task_struct
*start
= tsk
;
59 * If this is a mempolicy constrained oom, tsk's
60 * cpuset is irrelevant. Only return true if its
61 * mempolicy intersects current, otherwise it may be
64 if (mempolicy_nodemask_intersects(tsk
, mask
))
68 * This is not a mempolicy constrained oom, so only
69 * check the mems of tsk's cpuset.
71 if (cpuset_mems_allowed_intersects(current
, tsk
))
74 } while_each_thread(start
, tsk
);
79 static bool has_intersects_mems_allowed(struct task_struct
*tsk
,
80 const nodemask_t
*mask
)
84 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
87 * If this is a system OOM (not a memcg OOM) and the task selected to be
88 * killed is not already running at high (RT) priorities, speed up the
89 * recovery by boosting the dying task to the lowest FIFO priority.
90 * That helps with the recovery and avoids interfering with RT tasks.
92 static void boost_dying_task_prio(struct task_struct
*p
,
93 struct mem_cgroup
*mem
)
95 struct sched_param param
= { .sched_priority
= 1 };
101 sched_setscheduler_nocheck(p
, SCHED_FIFO
, ¶m
);
105 * The process p may have detached its own ->mm while exiting or through
106 * use_mm(), but one or more of its subthreads may still have a valid
107 * pointer. Return p, or any of its subthreads with a valid ->mm, with
110 struct task_struct
*find_lock_task_mm(struct task_struct
*p
)
112 struct task_struct
*t
= p
;
119 } while_each_thread(p
, t
);
124 /* return true if the task is not adequate as candidate victim task. */
125 static bool oom_unkillable_task(struct task_struct
*p
,
126 const struct mem_cgroup
*mem
, const nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
128 if (is_global_init(p
))
130 if (p
->flags
& PF_KTHREAD
)
133 /* When mem_cgroup_out_of_memory() and p is not member of the group */
134 if (mem
&& !task_in_mem_cgroup(p
, mem
))
137 /* p may not have freeable memory in nodemask */
138 if (!has_intersects_mems_allowed(p
, nodemask
))
145 * oom_badness - heuristic function to determine which candidate task to kill
146 * @p: task struct of which task we should calculate
147 * @totalpages: total present RAM allowed for page allocation
149 * The heuristic for determining which task to kill is made to be as simple and
150 * predictable as possible. The goal is to return the highest value for the
151 * task consuming the most memory to avoid subsequent oom failures.
153 unsigned int oom_badness(struct task_struct
*p
, struct mem_cgroup
*mem
,
154 const nodemask_t
*nodemask
, unsigned long totalpages
)
158 if (oom_unkillable_task(p
, mem
, nodemask
))
161 p
= find_lock_task_mm(p
);
166 * Shortcut check for a thread sharing p->mm that is OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN
167 * so the entire heuristic doesn't need to be executed for something
168 * that cannot be killed.
170 if (atomic_read(&p
->mm
->oom_disable_count
)) {
176 * When the PF_OOM_ORIGIN bit is set, it indicates the task should have
177 * priority for oom killing.
179 if (p
->flags
& PF_OOM_ORIGIN
) {
185 * The memory controller may have a limit of 0 bytes, so avoid a divide
186 * by zero, if necessary.
192 * The baseline for the badness score is the proportion of RAM that each
193 * task's rss and swap space use.
195 points
= (get_mm_rss(p
->mm
) + get_mm_counter(p
->mm
, MM_SWAPENTS
)) * 1000 /
200 * Root processes get 3% bonus, just like the __vm_enough_memory()
201 * implementation used by LSMs.
203 if (has_capability_noaudit(p
, CAP_SYS_ADMIN
))
207 * /proc/pid/oom_score_adj ranges from -1000 to +1000 such that it may
208 * either completely disable oom killing or always prefer a certain
211 points
+= p
->signal
->oom_score_adj
;
214 * Never return 0 for an eligible task that may be killed since it's
215 * possible that no single user task uses more than 0.1% of memory and
216 * no single admin tasks uses more than 3.0%.
220 return (points
< 1000) ? points
: 1000;
224 * Determine the type of allocation constraint.
227 static enum oom_constraint
constrained_alloc(struct zonelist
*zonelist
,
228 gfp_t gfp_mask
, nodemask_t
*nodemask
,
229 unsigned long *totalpages
)
233 enum zone_type high_zoneidx
= gfp_zone(gfp_mask
);
234 bool cpuset_limited
= false;
237 /* Default to all available memory */
238 *totalpages
= totalram_pages
+ total_swap_pages
;
241 return CONSTRAINT_NONE
;
243 * Reach here only when __GFP_NOFAIL is used. So, we should avoid
244 * to kill current.We have to random task kill in this case.
245 * Hopefully, CONSTRAINT_THISNODE...but no way to handle it, now.
247 if (gfp_mask
& __GFP_THISNODE
)
248 return CONSTRAINT_NONE
;
251 * This is not a __GFP_THISNODE allocation, so a truncated nodemask in
252 * the page allocator means a mempolicy is in effect. Cpuset policy
253 * is enforced in get_page_from_freelist().
255 if (nodemask
&& !nodes_subset(node_states
[N_HIGH_MEMORY
], *nodemask
)) {
256 *totalpages
= total_swap_pages
;
257 for_each_node_mask(nid
, *nodemask
)
258 *totalpages
+= node_spanned_pages(nid
);
259 return CONSTRAINT_MEMORY_POLICY
;
262 /* Check this allocation failure is caused by cpuset's wall function */
263 for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone
, z
, zonelist
,
264 high_zoneidx
, nodemask
)
265 if (!cpuset_zone_allowed_softwall(zone
, gfp_mask
))
266 cpuset_limited
= true;
268 if (cpuset_limited
) {
269 *totalpages
= total_swap_pages
;
270 for_each_node_mask(nid
, cpuset_current_mems_allowed
)
271 *totalpages
+= node_spanned_pages(nid
);
272 return CONSTRAINT_CPUSET
;
274 return CONSTRAINT_NONE
;
277 static enum oom_constraint
constrained_alloc(struct zonelist
*zonelist
,
278 gfp_t gfp_mask
, nodemask_t
*nodemask
,
279 unsigned long *totalpages
)
281 *totalpages
= totalram_pages
+ total_swap_pages
;
282 return CONSTRAINT_NONE
;
287 * Simple selection loop. We chose the process with the highest
288 * number of 'points'. We expect the caller will lock the tasklist.
290 * (not docbooked, we don't want this one cluttering up the manual)
292 static struct task_struct
*select_bad_process(unsigned int *ppoints
,
293 unsigned long totalpages
, struct mem_cgroup
*mem
,
294 const nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
296 struct task_struct
*g
, *p
;
297 struct task_struct
*chosen
= NULL
;
300 do_each_thread(g
, p
) {
305 if (oom_unkillable_task(p
, mem
, nodemask
))
309 * This task already has access to memory reserves and is
310 * being killed. Don't allow any other task access to the
313 * Note: this may have a chance of deadlock if it gets
314 * blocked waiting for another task which itself is waiting
315 * for memory. Is there a better alternative?
317 if (test_tsk_thread_flag(p
, TIF_MEMDIE
))
318 return ERR_PTR(-1UL);
320 if (p
->flags
& PF_EXITING
) {
322 * If p is the current task and is in the process of
323 * releasing memory, we allow the "kill" to set
324 * TIF_MEMDIE, which will allow it to gain access to
325 * memory reserves. Otherwise, it may stall forever.
327 * The loop isn't broken here, however, in case other
328 * threads are found to have already been oom killed.
335 * If this task is not being ptraced on exit,
336 * then wait for it to finish before killing
337 * some other task unnecessarily.
339 if (!(task_ptrace(p
->group_leader
) &
341 return ERR_PTR(-1UL);
345 points
= oom_badness(p
, mem
, nodemask
, totalpages
);
346 if (points
> *ppoints
) {
350 } while_each_thread(g
, p
);
356 * dump_tasks - dump current memory state of all system tasks
357 * @mem: current's memory controller, if constrained
358 * @nodemask: nodemask passed to page allocator for mempolicy ooms
360 * Dumps the current memory state of all eligible tasks. Tasks not in the same
361 * memcg, not in the same cpuset, or bound to a disjoint set of mempolicy nodes
363 * State information includes task's pid, uid, tgid, vm size, rss, cpu, oom_adj
364 * value, oom_score_adj value, and name.
366 * Call with tasklist_lock read-locked.
368 static void dump_tasks(const struct mem_cgroup
*mem
, const nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
370 struct task_struct
*p
;
371 struct task_struct
*task
;
373 pr_info("[ pid ] uid tgid total_vm rss cpu oom_adj oom_score_adj name\n");
374 for_each_process(p
) {
375 if (oom_unkillable_task(p
, mem
, nodemask
))
378 task
= find_lock_task_mm(p
);
381 * This is a kthread or all of p's threads have already
382 * detached their mm's. There's no need to report
383 * them; they can't be oom killed anyway.
388 pr_info("[%5d] %5d %5d %8lu %8lu %3u %3d %5d %s\n",
389 task
->pid
, task_uid(task
), task
->tgid
,
390 task
->mm
->total_vm
, get_mm_rss(task
->mm
),
391 task_cpu(task
), task
->signal
->oom_adj
,
392 task
->signal
->oom_score_adj
, task
->comm
);
397 static void dump_header(struct task_struct
*p
, gfp_t gfp_mask
, int order
,
398 struct mem_cgroup
*mem
, const nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
401 pr_warning("%s invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x%x, order=%d, "
402 "oom_adj=%d, oom_score_adj=%d\n",
403 current
->comm
, gfp_mask
, order
, current
->signal
->oom_adj
,
404 current
->signal
->oom_score_adj
);
405 cpuset_print_task_mems_allowed(current
);
406 task_unlock(current
);
408 mem_cgroup_print_oom_info(mem
, p
);
409 show_mem(SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES
);
410 if (sysctl_oom_dump_tasks
)
411 dump_tasks(mem
, nodemask
);
414 #define K(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT-10))
415 static int oom_kill_task(struct task_struct
*p
, struct mem_cgroup
*mem
)
417 struct task_struct
*q
;
418 struct mm_struct
*mm
;
420 p
= find_lock_task_mm(p
);
424 /* mm cannot be safely dereferenced after task_unlock(p) */
427 pr_err("Killed process %d (%s) total-vm:%lukB, anon-rss:%lukB, file-rss:%lukB\n",
428 task_pid_nr(p
), p
->comm
, K(p
->mm
->total_vm
),
429 K(get_mm_counter(p
->mm
, MM_ANONPAGES
)),
430 K(get_mm_counter(p
->mm
, MM_FILEPAGES
)));
434 * Kill all processes sharing p->mm in other thread groups, if any.
435 * They don't get access to memory reserves or a higher scheduler
436 * priority, though, to avoid depletion of all memory or task
437 * starvation. This prevents mm->mmap_sem livelock when an oom killed
438 * task cannot exit because it requires the semaphore and its contended
439 * by another thread trying to allocate memory itself. That thread will
440 * now get access to memory reserves since it has a pending fatal
444 if (q
->mm
== mm
&& !same_thread_group(q
, p
)) {
445 task_lock(q
); /* Protect ->comm from prctl() */
446 pr_err("Kill process %d (%s) sharing same memory\n",
447 task_pid_nr(q
), q
->comm
);
449 force_sig(SIGKILL
, q
);
452 set_tsk_thread_flag(p
, TIF_MEMDIE
);
453 force_sig(SIGKILL
, p
);
456 * We give our sacrificial lamb high priority and access to
457 * all the memory it needs. That way it should be able to
458 * exit() and clear out its resources quickly...
460 boost_dying_task_prio(p
, mem
);
466 static int oom_kill_process(struct task_struct
*p
, gfp_t gfp_mask
, int order
,
467 unsigned int points
, unsigned long totalpages
,
468 struct mem_cgroup
*mem
, nodemask_t
*nodemask
,
471 struct task_struct
*victim
= p
;
472 struct task_struct
*child
;
473 struct task_struct
*t
= p
;
474 unsigned int victim_points
= 0;
476 if (printk_ratelimit())
477 dump_header(p
, gfp_mask
, order
, mem
, nodemask
);
480 * If the task is already exiting, don't alarm the sysadmin or kill
481 * its children or threads, just set TIF_MEMDIE so it can die quickly
483 if (p
->flags
& PF_EXITING
) {
484 set_tsk_thread_flag(p
, TIF_MEMDIE
);
485 boost_dying_task_prio(p
, mem
);
490 pr_err("%s: Kill process %d (%s) score %d or sacrifice child\n",
491 message
, task_pid_nr(p
), p
->comm
, points
);
495 * If any of p's children has a different mm and is eligible for kill,
496 * the one with the highest badness() score is sacrificed for its
497 * parent. This attempts to lose the minimal amount of work done while
498 * still freeing memory.
501 list_for_each_entry(child
, &t
->children
, sibling
) {
502 unsigned int child_points
;
504 if (child
->mm
== p
->mm
)
507 * oom_badness() returns 0 if the thread is unkillable
509 child_points
= oom_badness(child
, mem
, nodemask
,
511 if (child_points
> victim_points
) {
513 victim_points
= child_points
;
516 } while_each_thread(p
, t
);
518 return oom_kill_task(victim
, mem
);
522 * Determines whether the kernel must panic because of the panic_on_oom sysctl.
524 static void check_panic_on_oom(enum oom_constraint constraint
, gfp_t gfp_mask
,
525 int order
, const nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
527 if (likely(!sysctl_panic_on_oom
))
529 if (sysctl_panic_on_oom
!= 2) {
531 * panic_on_oom == 1 only affects CONSTRAINT_NONE, the kernel
532 * does not panic for cpuset, mempolicy, or memcg allocation
535 if (constraint
!= CONSTRAINT_NONE
)
538 read_lock(&tasklist_lock
);
539 dump_header(NULL
, gfp_mask
, order
, NULL
, nodemask
);
540 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock
);
541 panic("Out of memory: %s panic_on_oom is enabled\n",
542 sysctl_panic_on_oom
== 2 ? "compulsory" : "system-wide");
545 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR
546 void mem_cgroup_out_of_memory(struct mem_cgroup
*mem
, gfp_t gfp_mask
)
549 unsigned int points
= 0;
550 struct task_struct
*p
;
553 * If current has a pending SIGKILL, then automatically select it. The
554 * goal is to allow it to allocate so that it may quickly exit and free
557 if (fatal_signal_pending(current
)) {
558 set_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE
);
559 boost_dying_task_prio(current
, NULL
);
563 check_panic_on_oom(CONSTRAINT_MEMCG
, gfp_mask
, 0, NULL
);
564 limit
= mem_cgroup_get_limit(mem
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
;
565 read_lock(&tasklist_lock
);
567 p
= select_bad_process(&points
, limit
, mem
, NULL
);
568 if (!p
|| PTR_ERR(p
) == -1UL)
571 if (oom_kill_process(p
, gfp_mask
, 0, points
, limit
, mem
, NULL
,
572 "Memory cgroup out of memory"))
575 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock
);
579 static BLOCKING_NOTIFIER_HEAD(oom_notify_list
);
581 int register_oom_notifier(struct notifier_block
*nb
)
583 return blocking_notifier_chain_register(&oom_notify_list
, nb
);
585 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_oom_notifier
);
587 int unregister_oom_notifier(struct notifier_block
*nb
)
589 return blocking_notifier_chain_unregister(&oom_notify_list
, nb
);
591 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_oom_notifier
);
594 * Try to acquire the OOM killer lock for the zones in zonelist. Returns zero
595 * if a parallel OOM killing is already taking place that includes a zone in
596 * the zonelist. Otherwise, locks all zones in the zonelist and returns 1.
598 int try_set_zonelist_oom(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, gfp_t gfp_mask
)
604 spin_lock(&zone_scan_lock
);
605 for_each_zone_zonelist(zone
, z
, zonelist
, gfp_zone(gfp_mask
)) {
606 if (zone_is_oom_locked(zone
)) {
612 for_each_zone_zonelist(zone
, z
, zonelist
, gfp_zone(gfp_mask
)) {
614 * Lock each zone in the zonelist under zone_scan_lock so a
615 * parallel invocation of try_set_zonelist_oom() doesn't succeed
618 zone_set_flag(zone
, ZONE_OOM_LOCKED
);
622 spin_unlock(&zone_scan_lock
);
627 * Clears the ZONE_OOM_LOCKED flag for all zones in the zonelist so that failed
628 * allocation attempts with zonelists containing them may now recall the OOM
629 * killer, if necessary.
631 void clear_zonelist_oom(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, gfp_t gfp_mask
)
636 spin_lock(&zone_scan_lock
);
637 for_each_zone_zonelist(zone
, z
, zonelist
, gfp_zone(gfp_mask
)) {
638 zone_clear_flag(zone
, ZONE_OOM_LOCKED
);
640 spin_unlock(&zone_scan_lock
);
644 * Try to acquire the oom killer lock for all system zones. Returns zero if a
645 * parallel oom killing is taking place, otherwise locks all zones and returns
648 static int try_set_system_oom(void)
653 spin_lock(&zone_scan_lock
);
654 for_each_populated_zone(zone
)
655 if (zone_is_oom_locked(zone
)) {
659 for_each_populated_zone(zone
)
660 zone_set_flag(zone
, ZONE_OOM_LOCKED
);
662 spin_unlock(&zone_scan_lock
);
667 * Clears ZONE_OOM_LOCKED for all system zones so that failed allocation
668 * attempts or page faults may now recall the oom killer, if necessary.
670 static void clear_system_oom(void)
674 spin_lock(&zone_scan_lock
);
675 for_each_populated_zone(zone
)
676 zone_clear_flag(zone
, ZONE_OOM_LOCKED
);
677 spin_unlock(&zone_scan_lock
);
681 * out_of_memory - kill the "best" process when we run out of memory
682 * @zonelist: zonelist pointer
683 * @gfp_mask: memory allocation flags
684 * @order: amount of memory being requested as a power of 2
685 * @nodemask: nodemask passed to page allocator
687 * If we run out of memory, we have the choice between either
688 * killing a random task (bad), letting the system crash (worse)
689 * OR try to be smart about which process to kill. Note that we
690 * don't have to be perfect here, we just have to be good.
692 void out_of_memory(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, gfp_t gfp_mask
,
693 int order
, nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
695 const nodemask_t
*mpol_mask
;
696 struct task_struct
*p
;
697 unsigned long totalpages
;
698 unsigned long freed
= 0;
700 enum oom_constraint constraint
= CONSTRAINT_NONE
;
703 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&oom_notify_list
, 0, &freed
);
705 /* Got some memory back in the last second. */
709 * If current has a pending SIGKILL, then automatically select it. The
710 * goal is to allow it to allocate so that it may quickly exit and free
713 if (fatal_signal_pending(current
)) {
714 set_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE
);
715 boost_dying_task_prio(current
, NULL
);
720 * Check if there were limitations on the allocation (only relevant for
721 * NUMA) that may require different handling.
723 constraint
= constrained_alloc(zonelist
, gfp_mask
, nodemask
,
725 mpol_mask
= (constraint
== CONSTRAINT_MEMORY_POLICY
) ? nodemask
: NULL
;
726 check_panic_on_oom(constraint
, gfp_mask
, order
, mpol_mask
);
728 read_lock(&tasklist_lock
);
729 if (sysctl_oom_kill_allocating_task
&&
730 !oom_unkillable_task(current
, NULL
, nodemask
) &&
731 current
->mm
&& !atomic_read(¤t
->mm
->oom_disable_count
)) {
733 * oom_kill_process() needs tasklist_lock held. If it returns
734 * non-zero, current could not be killed so we must fallback to
737 if (!oom_kill_process(current
, gfp_mask
, order
, 0, totalpages
,
739 "Out of memory (oom_kill_allocating_task)"))
744 p
= select_bad_process(&points
, totalpages
, NULL
, mpol_mask
);
745 if (PTR_ERR(p
) == -1UL)
748 /* Found nothing?!?! Either we hang forever, or we panic. */
750 dump_header(NULL
, gfp_mask
, order
, NULL
, mpol_mask
);
751 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock
);
752 panic("Out of memory and no killable processes...\n");
755 if (oom_kill_process(p
, gfp_mask
, order
, points
, totalpages
, NULL
,
756 nodemask
, "Out of memory"))
760 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock
);
763 * Give "p" a good chance of killing itself before we
764 * retry to allocate memory unless "p" is current
766 if (killed
&& !test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE
))
767 schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
771 * The pagefault handler calls here because it is out of memory, so kill a
772 * memory-hogging task. If a populated zone has ZONE_OOM_LOCKED set, a parallel
773 * oom killing is already in progress so do nothing. If a task is found with
774 * TIF_MEMDIE set, it has been killed so do nothing and allow it to exit.
776 void pagefault_out_of_memory(void)
778 if (try_set_system_oom()) {
779 out_of_memory(NULL
, 0, 0, NULL
);
782 if (!test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE
))
783 schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);