5 This document describes how to use the dynamic debug (dyndbg) feature.
7 Dynamic debug is designed to allow you to dynamically enable/disable
8 kernel code to obtain additional kernel information. Currently, if
9 CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG is set, then all pr_debug()/dev_dbg() calls can
10 be dynamically enabled per-callsite.
12 Dynamic debug has even more useful features:
14 * Simple query language allows turning on and off debugging
15 statements by matching any combination of 0 or 1 of:
19 - line number (including ranges of line numbers)
23 * Provides a debugfs control file: <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
24 which can be read to display the complete list of known debug
25 statements, to help guide you
27 Controlling dynamic debug Behaviour
28 ===================================
30 The behaviour of pr_debug()/dev_dbg()s are controlled via writing to a
31 control file in the 'debugfs' filesystem. Thus, you must first mount
32 the debugfs filesystem, in order to make use of this feature.
33 Subsequently, we refer to the control file as:
34 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control. For example, if you want to enable
35 printing from source file 'svcsock.c', line 1603 you simply do:
37 nullarbor:~ # echo 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
38 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
40 If you make a mistake with the syntax, the write will fail thus:
42 nullarbor:~ # echo 'file svcsock.c wtf 1 +p' >
43 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
44 -bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
46 Viewing Dynamic Debug Behaviour
47 ===========================
49 You can view the currently configured behaviour of all the debug
52 nullarbor:~ # cat <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
53 # filename:lineno [module]function flags format
54 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:323 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_cleanup =_ "SVCRDMA Module Removed, deregister RPC RDMA transport\012"
55 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:341 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_init =_ "\011max_inline : %d\012"
56 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:340 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_init =_ "\011sq_depth : %d\012"
57 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svc_rdma.c:338 [svcxprt_rdma]svc_rdma_init =_ "\011max_requests : %d\012"
61 You can also apply standard Unix text manipulation filters to this
64 nullarbor:~ # grep -i rdma <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control | wc -l
67 nullarbor:~ # grep -i tcp <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control | wc -l
70 The third column shows the currently enabled flags for each debug
71 statement callsite (see below for definitions of the flags). The
72 default value, with no flags enabled, is "=_". So you can view all
73 the debug statement callsites with any non-default flags:
75 nullarbor:~ # awk '$3 != "=_"' <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
76 # filename:lineno [module]function flags format
77 /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svcsock.c:1603 [sunrpc]svc_send p "svc_process: st_sendto returned %d\012"
80 Command Language Reference
81 ==========================
83 At the lexical level, a command comprises a sequence of words separated
84 by spaces or tabs. So these are all equivalent:
86 nullarbor:~ # echo -c 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
87 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
88 nullarbor:~ # echo -c ' file svcsock.c line 1603 +p ' >
89 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
90 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
91 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
93 Command submissions are bounded by a write() system call.
94 Multiple commands can be written together, separated by ';' or '\n'.
96 ~# echo "func pnpacpi_get_resources +p; func pnp_assign_mem +p" \
97 > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
99 If your query set is big, you can batch them too:
101 ~# cat query-batch-file > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
103 At the syntactical level, a command comprises a sequence of match
104 specifications, followed by a flags change specification.
106 command ::= match-spec* flags-spec
108 The match-spec's are used to choose a subset of the known pr_debug()
109 callsites to which to apply the flags-spec. Think of them as a query
110 with implicit ANDs between each pair. Note that an empty list of
111 match-specs will select all debug statement callsites.
113 A match specification comprises a keyword, which controls the
114 attribute of the callsite to be compared, and a value to compare
115 against. Possible keywords are:
117 match-spec ::= 'func' string |
123 line-range ::= lineno |
127 // Note: line-range cannot contain space, e.g.
128 // "1-30" is valid range but "1 - 30" is not.
130 lineno ::= unsigned-int
132 The meanings of each keyword are:
135 The given string is compared against the function name
136 of each callsite. Example:
141 The given string is compared against either the full pathname, the
142 src-root relative pathname, or the basename of the source file of
143 each callsite. Examples:
146 file kernel/freezer.c
147 file /usr/src/packages/BUILD/sgi-enhancednfs-1.4/default/net/sunrpc/svcsock.c
150 The given string is compared against the module name
151 of each callsite. The module name is the string as
152 seen in "lsmod", i.e. without the directory or the .ko
153 suffix and with '-' changed to '_'. Examples:
159 The given string is searched for in the dynamic debug format
160 string. Note that the string does not need to match the
161 entire format, only some part. Whitespace and other
162 special characters can be escaped using C octal character
163 escape \ooo notation, e.g. the space character is \040.
164 Alternatively, the string can be enclosed in double quote
165 characters (") or single quote characters (').
168 format svcrdma: // many of the NFS/RDMA server pr_debugs
169 format readahead // some pr_debugs in the readahead cache
170 format nfsd:\040SETATTR // one way to match a format with whitespace
171 format "nfsd: SETATTR" // a neater way to match a format with whitespace
172 format 'nfsd: SETATTR' // yet another way to match a format with whitespace
175 The given line number or range of line numbers is compared
176 against the line number of each pr_debug() callsite. A single
177 line number matches the callsite line number exactly. A
178 range of line numbers matches any callsite between the first
179 and last line number inclusive. An empty first number means
180 the first line in the file, an empty line number means the
181 last number in the file. Examples:
183 line 1603 // exactly line 1603
184 line 1600-1605 // the six lines from line 1600 to line 1605
185 line -1605 // the 1605 lines from line 1 to line 1605
186 line 1600- // all lines from line 1600 to the end of the file
188 The flags specification comprises a change operation followed
189 by one or more flag characters. The change operation is one
192 - remove the given flags
193 + add the given flags
194 = set the flags to the given flags
198 p enables the pr_debug() callsite.
199 f Include the function name in the printed message
200 l Include line number in the printed message
201 m Include module name in the printed message
202 t Include thread ID in messages not generated from interrupt context
203 _ No flags are set. (Or'd with others on input)
205 For display, the flags are preceded by '='
206 (mnemonic: what the flags are currently equal to).
208 Note the regexp ^[-+=][flmpt_]+$ matches a flags specification.
209 To clear all flags at once, use "=_" or "-flmpt".
212 Debug messages during Boot Process
213 ==================================
215 To activate debug messages for core code and built-in modules during
216 the boot process, even before userspace and debugfs exists, use
217 dyndbg="QUERY", module.dyndbg="QUERY", or ddebug_query="QUERY"
218 (ddebug_query is obsoleted by dyndbg, and deprecated). QUERY follows
219 the syntax described above, but must not exceed 1023 characters. Your
220 bootloader may impose lower limits.
222 These dyndbg params are processed just after the ddebug tables are
223 processed, as part of the arch_initcall. Thus you can enable debug
224 messages in all code run after this arch_initcall via this boot
227 On an x86 system for example ACPI enablement is a subsys_initcall and
228 dyndbg="file ec.c +p"
229 will show early Embedded Controller transactions during ACPI setup if
230 your machine (typically a laptop) has an Embedded Controller.
231 PCI (or other devices) initialization also is a hot candidate for using
232 this boot parameter for debugging purposes.
234 If foo module is not built-in, foo.dyndbg will still be processed at
235 boot time, without effect, but will be reprocessed when module is
236 loaded later. dyndbg_query= and bare dyndbg= are only processed at
240 Debug Messages at Module Initialization Time
241 ============================================
243 When "modprobe foo" is called, modprobe scans /proc/cmdline for
244 foo.params, strips "foo.", and passes them to the kernel along with
245 params given in modprobe args or /etc/modprob.d/*.conf files,
246 in the following order:
248 1. # parameters given via /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf
249 options foo dyndbg=+pt
250 options foo dyndbg # defaults to +p
252 2. # foo.dyndbg as given in boot args, "foo." is stripped and passed
253 foo.dyndbg=" func bar +p; func buz +mp"
255 3. # args to modprobe
256 modprobe foo dyndbg==pmf # override previous settings
258 These dyndbg queries are applied in order, with last having final say.
259 This allows boot args to override or modify those from /etc/modprobe.d
260 (sensible, since 1 is system wide, 2 is kernel or boot specific), and
261 modprobe args to override both.
263 In the foo.dyndbg="QUERY" form, the query must exclude "module foo".
264 "foo" is extracted from the param-name, and applied to each query in
265 "QUERY", and only 1 match-spec of each type is allowed.
267 The dyndbg option is a "fake" module parameter, which means:
269 - modules do not need to define it explicitly
270 - every module gets it tacitly, whether they use pr_debug or not
271 - it doesnt appear in /sys/module/$module/parameters/
272 To see it, grep the control file, or inspect /proc/cmdline.
274 For CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG kernels, any settings given at boot-time (or
275 enabled by -DDEBUG flag during compilation) can be disabled later via
276 the sysfs interface if the debug messages are no longer needed:
278 echo "module module_name -p" > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
283 // enable the message at line 1603 of file svcsock.c
284 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c line 1603 +p' >
285 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
287 // enable all the messages in file svcsock.c
288 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'file svcsock.c +p' >
289 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
291 // enable all the messages in the NFS server module
292 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'module nfsd +p' >
293 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
295 // enable all 12 messages in the function svc_process()
296 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'func svc_process +p' >
297 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
299 // disable all 12 messages in the function svc_process()
300 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'func svc_process -p' >
301 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
303 // enable messages for NFS calls READ, READLINK, READDIR and READDIR+.
304 nullarbor:~ # echo -n 'format "nfsd: READ" +p' >
305 <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
307 // enable all messages
308 nullarbor:~ # echo -n '+p' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
310 // add module, function to all enabled messages
311 nullarbor:~ # echo -n '+mf' > <debugfs>/dynamic_debug/control
313 // boot-args example, with newlines and comments for readability
314 Kernel command line: ...
315 // see whats going on in dyndbg=value processing
316 dynamic_debug.verbose=1
317 // enable pr_debugs in 2 builtins, #cmt is stripped
318 dyndbg="module params +p #cmt ; module sys +p"
319 // enable pr_debugs in 2 functions in a module loaded later
320 pc87360.dyndbg="func pc87360_init_device +p; func pc87360_find +p"