1 Fault injection capabilities infrastructure
2 ===========================================
4 See also drivers/md/faulty.c and "every_nth" module option for scsi_debug.
7 Available fault injection capabilities
8 --------------------------------------
12 injects slab allocation failures. (kmalloc(), kmem_cache_alloc(), ...)
16 injects page allocation failures. (alloc_pages(), get_free_pages(), ...)
20 injects disk IO errors on devices permitted by setting
21 /sys/block/<device>/make-it-fail or
22 /sys/block/<device>/<partition>/make-it-fail. (generic_make_request())
26 injects MMC data errors on devices permitted by setting
27 debugfs entries under /sys/kernel/debug/mmc0/fail_mmc_request
29 Configure fault-injection capabilities behavior
30 -----------------------------------------------
34 fault-inject-debugfs kernel module provides some debugfs entries for runtime
35 configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
37 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/probability:
39 likelihood of failure injection, in percent.
42 Note that one-failure-per-hundred is a very high error rate
43 for some testcases. Consider setting probability=100 and configure
44 /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval for such testcases.
46 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval:
48 specifies the interval between failures, for calls to
49 should_fail() that pass all the other tests.
51 Note that if you enable this, by setting interval>1, you will
52 probably want to set probability=100.
54 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/times:
56 specifies how many times failures may happen at most.
57 A value of -1 means "no limit".
59 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/space:
61 specifies an initial resource "budget", decremented by "size"
62 on each call to should_fail(,size). Failure injection is
63 suppressed until "space" reaches zero.
65 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/verbose
68 specifies the verbosity of the messages when failure is
69 injected. '0' means no messages; '1' will print only a single
70 log line per failure; '2' will print a call trace too -- useful
71 to debug the problems revealed by fault injection.
73 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/task-filter:
76 A value of 'N' disables filtering by process (default).
77 Any positive value limits failures to only processes indicated by
78 /proc/<pid>/make-it-fail==1.
80 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-start:
81 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-end:
82 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-start:
83 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-end:
85 specifies the range of virtual addresses tested during
86 stacktrace walking. Failure is injected only if some caller
87 in the walked stacktrace lies within the required range, and
88 none lies within the rejected range.
89 Default required range is [0,ULONG_MAX) (whole of virtual address space).
90 Default rejected range is [0,0).
92 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/stacktrace-depth:
94 specifies the maximum stacktrace depth walked during search
95 for a caller within [require-start,require-end) OR
96 [reject-start,reject-end).
98 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem:
100 Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
101 default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' won't inject failures into
102 highmem/user allocations.
104 - /sys/kernel/debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait:
105 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait:
107 Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
108 default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' will inject failures
109 only into non-sleep allocations (GFP_ATOMIC allocations).
111 - /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/min-order:
113 specifies the minimum page allocation order to be injected
118 In order to inject faults while debugfs is not available (early boot time),
124 mmc_core.fail_request=<interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
126 How to add new fault injection capability
127 -----------------------------------------
129 o #include <linux/fault-inject.h>
131 o define the fault attributes
133 DECLARE_FAULT_INJECTION(name);
135 Please see the definition of struct fault_attr in fault-inject.h
138 o provide a way to configure fault attributes
142 If you need to enable the fault injection capability from boot time, you can
143 provide boot option to configure it. There is a helper function for it:
145 setup_fault_attr(attr, str);
149 failslab, fail_page_alloc, and fail_make_request use this way.
152 fault_create_debugfs_attr(name, parent, attr);
156 If the scope of the fault injection capability is limited to a
157 single kernel module, it is better to provide module parameters to
158 configure the fault attributes.
160 o add a hook to insert failures
162 Upon should_fail() returning true, client code should inject a failure.
164 should_fail(attr, size);
169 o Inject slab allocation failures into module init/exit code
174 echo Y > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
175 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
176 echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
177 echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
178 echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
179 echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
180 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
184 bash -c "echo 1 > /proc/self/make-it-fail && exec $*"
189 echo "Usage: $0 modulename [ modulename ... ]"
196 faulty_system modprobe $m
199 faulty_system modprobe -r $m
202 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
204 o Inject page allocation failures only for a specific module
208 FAILTYPE=fail_page_alloc
213 echo "Usage: $0 <modulename>"
219 if [ ! -d /sys/module/$module/sections ]
221 echo Module $module is not loaded
225 cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.text > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-start
226 cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.data > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-end
228 echo N > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
229 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
230 echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
231 echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
232 echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
233 echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
234 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
235 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-highmem
236 echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/stacktrace-depth
238 trap "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
240 echo "Injecting errors into the module $module... (interrupt to stop)"
243 Tool to run command with failslab or fail_page_alloc
244 ----------------------------------------------------
245 In order to make it easier to accomplish the tasks mentioned above, we can use
246 tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh. Please run a command
247 "./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --help" for more information and
248 see the following examples.
252 Run a command "make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests" with injecting slab
255 # ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh \
256 -- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests
258 Same as above except to specify 100 times failures at most instead of one time
261 # ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --times=100 \
262 -- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests
264 Same as above except to inject page allocation failure instead of slab
267 # env FAILCMD_TYPE=fail_page_alloc \
268 ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --times=100 \
269 -- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests