sparse-vmemmap: specify vmemmap population range in bytes

[linux-2.6.git] / mm / vmalloc.c

/*
 *  linux/mm/vmalloc.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1993  Linus Torvalds
 *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
 *  SMP-safe vmalloc/vfree/ioremap, Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>, May 2000
 *  Major rework to support vmap/vunmap, Christoph Hellwig, SGI, August 2002
 *  Numa awareness, Christoph Lameter, SGI, June 2005
 */

#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <linux/radix-tree.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/shmparam.h>

/*** Page table manipulation functions ***/

static void vunmap_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
{
        pte_t *pte;

        pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr);
        do {
                pte_t ptent = ptep_get_and_clear(&init_mm, addr, pte);
                WARN_ON(!pte_none(ptent) && !pte_present(ptent));
        } while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
}

static void vunmap_pmd_range(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
{
        pmd_t *pmd;
        unsigned long next;

        pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
        do {
                next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
                if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
                        continue;
                vunmap_pte_range(pmd, addr, next);
        } while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
}

static void vunmap_pud_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
{
        pud_t *pud;
        unsigned long next;

        pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
        do {
                next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
                if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
                        continue;
                vunmap_pmd_range(pud, addr, next);
        } while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
}

static void vunmap_page_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
{
        pgd_t *pgd;
        unsigned long next;

        BUG_ON(addr >= end);
        pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
        do {
                next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
                if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
                        continue;
                vunmap_pud_range(pgd, addr, next);
        } while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
}

static int vmap_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
                unsigned long end, pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages, int *nr)
{
        pte_t *pte;

        /*
         * nr is a running index into the array which helps higher level
         * callers keep track of where we're up to.
         */

        pte = pte_alloc_kernel(pmd, addr);
        if (!pte)
                return -ENOMEM;
        do {
                struct page *page = pages[*nr];

                if (WARN_ON(!pte_none(*pte)))
                        return -EBUSY;
                if (WARN_ON(!page))
                        return -ENOMEM;
                set_pte_at(&init_mm, addr, pte, mk_pte(page, prot));
                (*nr)++;
        } while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
        return 0;
}

static int vmap_pmd_range(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr,
                unsigned long end, pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages, int *nr)
{
        pmd_t *pmd;
        unsigned long next;

        pmd = pmd_alloc(&init_mm, pud, addr);
        if (!pmd)
                return -ENOMEM;
        do {
                next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
                if (vmap_pte_range(pmd, addr, next, prot, pages, nr))
                        return -ENOMEM;
        } while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
        return 0;
}

static int vmap_pud_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
                unsigned long end, pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages, int *nr)
{
        pud_t *pud;
        unsigned long next;

        pud = pud_alloc(&init_mm, pgd, addr);
        if (!pud)
                return -ENOMEM;
        do {
                next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
                if (vmap_pmd_range(pud, addr, next, prot, pages, nr))
                        return -ENOMEM;
        } while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Set up page tables in kva (addr, end). The ptes shall have prot "prot", and
 * will have pfns corresponding to the "pages" array.
 *
 * Ie. pte at addr+N*PAGE_SIZE shall point to pfn corresponding to pages[N]
 */
static int vmap_page_range_noflush(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
                                   pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages)
{
        pgd_t *pgd;
        unsigned long next;
        unsigned long addr = start;
        int err = 0;
        int nr = 0;

        BUG_ON(addr >= end);
        pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
        do {
                next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
                err = vmap_pud_range(pgd, addr, next, prot, pages, &nr);
                if (err)
                        return err;
        } while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);

        return nr;
}

static int vmap_page_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
                           pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages)
{
        int ret;

        ret = vmap_page_range_noflush(start, end, prot, pages);
        flush_cache_vmap(start, end);
        return ret;
}

int is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(const void *x)
{
        /*
         * ARM, x86-64 and sparc64 put modules in a special place,
         * and fall back on vmalloc() if that fails. Others
         * just put it in the vmalloc space.
         */
#if defined(CONFIG_MODULES) && defined(MODULES_VADDR)
        unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)x;
        if (addr >= MODULES_VADDR && addr < MODULES_END)
                return 1;
#endif
        return is_vmalloc_addr(x);
}

/*
 * Walk a vmap address to the struct page it maps.
 */
struct page *vmalloc_to_page(const void *vmalloc_addr)
{
        unsigned long addr = (unsigned long) vmalloc_addr;
        struct page *page = NULL;
        pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);

        /*
         * XXX we might need to change this if we add VIRTUAL_BUG_ON for
         * architectures that do not vmalloc module space
         */
        VIRTUAL_BUG_ON(!is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(vmalloc_addr));

        if (!pgd_none(*pgd)) {
                pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
                if (!pud_none(*pud)) {
                        pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
                        if (!pmd_none(*pmd)) {
                                pte_t *ptep, pte;

                                ptep = pte_offset_map(pmd, addr);
                                pte = *ptep;
                                if (pte_present(pte))
                                        page = pte_page(pte);
                                pte_unmap(ptep);
                        }
                }
        }
        return page;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_to_page);

/*
 * Map a vmalloc()-space virtual address to the physical page frame number.
 */
unsigned long vmalloc_to_pfn(const void *vmalloc_addr)
{
        return page_to_pfn(vmalloc_to_page(vmalloc_addr));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_to_pfn);


/*** Global kva allocator ***/

#define VM_LAZY_FREE    0x01
#define VM_LAZY_FREEING 0x02
#define VM_VM_AREA      0x04

static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(vmap_area_lock);
/* Export for kexec only */
LIST_HEAD(vmap_area_list);
static struct rb_root vmap_area_root = RB_ROOT;

/* The vmap cache globals are protected by vmap_area_lock */
static struct rb_node *free_vmap_cache;
static unsigned long cached_hole_size;
static unsigned long cached_vstart;
static unsigned long cached_align;

static unsigned long vmap_area_pcpu_hole;

static struct vmap_area *__find_vmap_area(unsigned long addr)
{
        struct rb_node *n = vmap_area_root.rb_node;

        while (n) {
                struct vmap_area *va;

                va = rb_entry(n, struct vmap_area, rb_node);
                if (addr < va->va_start)
                        n = n->rb_left;
                else if (addr > va->va_start)
                        n = n->rb_right;
                else
                        return va;
        }

        return NULL;
}

static void __insert_vmap_area(struct vmap_area *va)
{
        struct rb_node **p = &vmap_area_root.rb_node;
        struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
        struct rb_node *tmp;

        while (*p) {
                struct vmap_area *tmp_va;

                parent = *p;
                tmp_va = rb_entry(parent, struct vmap_area, rb_node);
                if (va->va_start < tmp_va->va_end)
                        p = &(*p)->rb_left;
                else if (va->va_end > tmp_va->va_start)
                        p = &(*p)->rb_right;
                else
                        BUG();
        }

        rb_link_node(&va->rb_node, parent, p);
        rb_insert_color(&va->rb_node, &vmap_area_root);

        /* address-sort this list */
        tmp = rb_prev(&va->rb_node);
        if (tmp) {
                struct vmap_area *prev;
                prev = rb_entry(tmp, struct vmap_area, rb_node);
                list_add_rcu(&va->list, &prev->list);
        } else
                list_add_rcu(&va->list, &vmap_area_list);
}

static void purge_vmap_area_lazy(void);

/*
 * Allocate a region of KVA of the specified size and alignment, within the
 * vstart and vend.
 */
static struct vmap_area *alloc_vmap_area(unsigned long size,
                                unsigned long align,
                                unsigned long vstart, unsigned long vend,
                                int node, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        struct vmap_area *va;
        struct rb_node *n;
        unsigned long addr;
        int purged = 0;
        struct vmap_area *first;

        BUG_ON(!size);
        BUG_ON(size & ~PAGE_MASK);
        BUG_ON(!is_power_of_2(align));

        va = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct vmap_area),
                        gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK, node);
        if (unlikely(!va))
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

retry:
        spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
        /*
         * Invalidate cache if we have more permissive parameters.
         * cached_hole_size notes the largest hole noticed _below_
         * the vmap_area cached in free_vmap_cache: if size fits
         * into that hole, we want to scan from vstart to reuse
         * the hole instead of allocating above free_vmap_cache.
         * Note that __free_vmap_area may update free_vmap_cache
         * without updating cached_hole_size or cached_align.
         */
        if (!free_vmap_cache ||
                        size < cached_hole_size ||
                        vstart < cached_vstart ||
                        align < cached_align) {
nocache:
                cached_hole_size = 0;
                free_vmap_cache = NULL;
        }
        /* record if we encounter less permissive parameters */
        cached_vstart = vstart;
        cached_align = align;

        /* find starting point for our search */
        if (free_vmap_cache) {
                first = rb_entry(free_vmap_cache, struct vmap_area, rb_node);
                addr = ALIGN(first->va_end, align);
                if (addr < vstart)
                        goto nocache;
                if (addr + size - 1 < addr)
                        goto overflow;

        } else {
                addr = ALIGN(vstart, align);
                if (addr + size - 1 < addr)
                        goto overflow;

                n = vmap_area_root.rb_node;
                first = NULL;

                while (n) {
                        struct vmap_area *tmp;
                        tmp = rb_entry(n, struct vmap_area, rb_node);
                        if (tmp->va_end >= addr) {
                                first = tmp;
                                if (tmp->va_start <= addr)
                                        break;
                                n = n->rb_left;
                        } else
                                n = n->rb_right;
                }

                if (!first)
                        goto found;
        }

        /* from the starting point, walk areas until a suitable hole is found */
        while (addr + size > first->va_start && addr + size <= vend) {
                if (addr + cached_hole_size < first->va_start)
                        cached_hole_size = first->va_start - addr;
                addr = ALIGN(first->va_end, align);
                if (addr + size - 1 < addr)
                        goto overflow;

                if (list_is_last(&first->list, &vmap_area_list))
                        goto found;

                first = list_entry(first->list.next,
                                struct vmap_area, list);
        }

found:
        if (addr + size > vend)
                goto overflow;

        va->va_start = addr;
        va->va_end = addr + size;
        va->flags = 0;
        __insert_vmap_area(va);
        free_vmap_cache = &va->rb_node;
        spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);

        BUG_ON(va->va_start & (align-1));
        BUG_ON(va->va_start < vstart);
        BUG_ON(va->va_end > vend);

        return va;

overflow:
        spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);
        if (!purged) {
                purge_vmap_area_lazy();
                purged = 1;
                goto retry;
        }
        if (printk_ratelimit())
                printk(KERN_WARNING
                        "vmap allocation for size %lu failed: "
                        "use vmalloc=<size> to increase size.\n", size);
        kfree(va);
        return ERR_PTR(-EBUSY);
}

static void __free_vmap_area(struct vmap_area *va)
{
        BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_NODE(&va->rb_node));

        if (free_vmap_cache) {
                if (va->va_end < cached_vstart) {
                        free_vmap_cache = NULL;
                } else {
                        struct vmap_area *cache;
                        cache = rb_entry(free_vmap_cache, struct vmap_area, rb_node);
                        if (va->va_start <= cache->va_start) {
                                free_vmap_cache = rb_prev(&va->rb_node);
                                /*
                                 * We don't try to update cached_hole_size or
                                 * cached_align, but it won't go very wrong.
                                 */
                        }
                }
        }
        rb_erase(&va->rb_node, &vmap_area_root);
        RB_CLEAR_NODE(&va->rb_node);
        list_del_rcu(&va->list);

        /*
         * Track the highest possible candidate for pcpu area
         * allocation.  Areas outside of vmalloc area can be returned
         * here too, consider only end addresses which fall inside
         * vmalloc area proper.
         */
        if (va->va_end > VMALLOC_START && va->va_end <= VMALLOC_END)
                vmap_area_pcpu_hole = max(vmap_area_pcpu_hole, va->va_end);

        kfree_rcu(va, rcu_head);
}

/*
 * Free a region of KVA allocated by alloc_vmap_area
 */
static void free_vmap_area(struct vmap_area *va)
{
        spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
        __free_vmap_area(va);
        spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);
}

/*
 * Clear the pagetable entries of a given vmap_area
 */
static void unmap_vmap_area(struct vmap_area *va)
{
        vunmap_page_range(va->va_start, va->va_end);
}

static void vmap_debug_free_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
        /*
         * Unmap page tables and force a TLB flush immediately if
         * CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set. This catches use after free
         * bugs similarly to those in linear kernel virtual address
         * space after a page has been freed.
         *
         * All the lazy freeing logic is still retained, in order to
         * minimise intrusiveness of this debugging feature.
         *
         * This is going to be *slow* (linear kernel virtual address
         * debugging doesn't do a broadcast TLB flush so it is a lot
         * faster).
         */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
        vunmap_page_range(start, end);
        flush_tlb_kernel_range(start, end);
#endif
}

/*
 * lazy_max_pages is the maximum amount of virtual address space we gather up
 * before attempting to purge with a TLB flush.
 *
 * There is a tradeoff here: a larger number will cover more kernel page tables
 * and take slightly longer to purge, but it will linearly reduce the number of
 * global TLB flushes that must be performed. It would seem natural to scale
 * this number up linearly with the number of CPUs (because vmapping activity
 * could also scale linearly with the number of CPUs), however it is likely
 * that in practice, workloads might be constrained in other ways that mean
 * vmap activity will not scale linearly with CPUs. Also, I want to be
 * conservative and not introduce a big latency on huge systems, so go with
 * a less aggressive log scale. It will still be an improvement over the old
 * code, and it will be simple to change the scale factor if we find that it
 * becomes a problem on bigger systems.
 */
static unsigned long lazy_max_pages(void)
{
        unsigned int log;

        log = fls(num_online_cpus());

        return log * (32UL * 1024 * 1024 / PAGE_SIZE);
}

static atomic_t vmap_lazy_nr = ATOMIC_INIT(0);

/* for per-CPU blocks */
static void purge_fragmented_blocks_allcpus(void);

/*
 * called before a call to iounmap() if the caller wants vm_area_struct's
 * immediately freed.
 */
void set_iounmap_nonlazy(void)
{
        atomic_set(&vmap_lazy_nr, lazy_max_pages()+1);
}

/*
 * Purges all lazily-freed vmap areas.
 *
 * If sync is 0 then don't purge if there is already a purge in progress.
 * If force_flush is 1, then flush kernel TLBs between *start and *end even
 * if we found no lazy vmap areas to unmap (callers can use this to optimise
 * their own TLB flushing).
 * Returns with *start = min(*start, lowest purged address)
 *              *end = max(*end, highest purged address)
 */
static void __purge_vmap_area_lazy(unsigned long *start, unsigned long *end,
                                        int sync, int force_flush)
{
        static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(purge_lock);
        LIST_HEAD(valist);
        struct vmap_area *va;
        struct vmap_area *n_va;
        int nr = 0;

        /*
         * If sync is 0 but force_flush is 1, we'll go sync anyway but callers
         * should not expect such behaviour. This just simplifies locking for
         * the case that isn't actually used at the moment anyway.
         */
        if (!sync && !force_flush) {
                if (!spin_trylock(&purge_lock))
                        return;
        } else
                spin_lock(&purge_lock);

        if (sync)
                purge_fragmented_blocks_allcpus();

        rcu_read_lock();
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(va, &vmap_area_list, list) {
                if (va->flags & VM_LAZY_FREE) {
                        if (va->va_start < *start)
                                *start = va->va_start;
                        if (va->va_end > *end)
                                *end = va->va_end;
                        nr += (va->va_end - va->va_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                        list_add_tail(&va->purge_list, &valist);
                        va->flags |= VM_LAZY_FREEING;
                        va->flags &= ~VM_LAZY_FREE;
                }
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        if (nr)
                atomic_sub(nr, &vmap_lazy_nr);

        if (nr || force_flush)
                flush_tlb_kernel_range(*start, *end);

        if (nr) {
                spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
                list_for_each_entry_safe(va, n_va, &valist, purge_list)
                        __free_vmap_area(va);
                spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);
        }
        spin_unlock(&purge_lock);
}

/*
 * Kick off a purge of the outstanding lazy areas. Don't bother if somebody
 * is already purging.
 */
static void try_purge_vmap_area_lazy(void)
{
        unsigned long start = ULONG_MAX, end = 0;

        __purge_vmap_area_lazy(&start, &end, 0, 0);
}

/*
 * Kick off a purge of the outstanding lazy areas.
 */
static void purge_vmap_area_lazy(void)
{
        unsigned long start = ULONG_MAX, end = 0;

        __purge_vmap_area_lazy(&start, &end, 1, 0);
}

/*
 * Free a vmap area, caller ensuring that the area has been unmapped
 * and flush_cache_vunmap had been called for the correct range
 * previously.
 */
static void free_vmap_area_noflush(struct vmap_area *va)
{
        va->flags |= VM_LAZY_FREE;
        atomic_add((va->va_end - va->va_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT, &vmap_lazy_nr);
        if (unlikely(atomic_read(&vmap_lazy_nr) > lazy_max_pages()))
                try_purge_vmap_area_lazy();
}

/*
 * Free and unmap a vmap area, caller ensuring flush_cache_vunmap had been
 * called for the correct range previously.
 */
static void free_unmap_vmap_area_noflush(struct vmap_area *va)
{
        unmap_vmap_area(va);
        free_vmap_area_noflush(va);
}

/*
 * Free and unmap a vmap area
 */
static void free_unmap_vmap_area(struct vmap_area *va)
{
        flush_cache_vunmap(va->va_start, va->va_end);
        free_unmap_vmap_area_noflush(va);
}

static struct vmap_area *find_vmap_area(unsigned long addr)
{
        struct vmap_area *va;

        spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
        va = __find_vmap_area(addr);
        spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);

        return va;
}

static void free_unmap_vmap_area_addr(unsigned long addr)
{
        struct vmap_area *va;

        va = find_vmap_area(addr);
        BUG_ON(!va);
        free_unmap_vmap_area(va);
}


/*** Per cpu kva allocator ***/

/*
 * vmap space is limited especially on 32 bit architectures. Ensure there is
 * room for at least 16 percpu vmap blocks per CPU.
 */
/*
 * If we had a constant VMALLOC_START and VMALLOC_END, we'd like to be able
 * to #define VMALLOC_SPACE             (VMALLOC_END-VMALLOC_START). Guess
 * instead (we just need a rough idea)
 */
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
#define VMALLOC_SPACE           (128UL*1024*1024)
#else
#define VMALLOC_SPACE           (128UL*1024*1024*1024)
#endif

#define VMALLOC_PAGES           (VMALLOC_SPACE / PAGE_SIZE)
#define VMAP_MAX_ALLOC          BITS_PER_LONG   /* 256K with 4K pages */
#define VMAP_BBMAP_BITS_MAX     1024    /* 4MB with 4K pages */
#define VMAP_BBMAP_BITS_MIN     (VMAP_MAX_ALLOC*2)
#define VMAP_MIN(x, y)          ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y)) /* can't use min() */
#define VMAP_MAX(x, y)          ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y)) /* can't use max() */
#define VMAP_BBMAP_BITS         \
                VMAP_MIN(VMAP_BBMAP_BITS_MAX,   \
                VMAP_MAX(VMAP_BBMAP_BITS_MIN,   \
                        VMALLOC_PAGES / roundup_pow_of_two(NR_CPUS) / 16))

#define VMAP_BLOCK_SIZE         (VMAP_BBMAP_BITS * PAGE_SIZE)

static bool vmap_initialized __read_mostly = false;

struct vmap_block_queue {
        spinlock_t lock;
        struct list_head free;
};

struct vmap_block {
        spinlock_t lock;
        struct vmap_area *va;
        struct vmap_block_queue *vbq;
        unsigned long free, dirty;
        DECLARE_BITMAP(alloc_map, VMAP_BBMAP_BITS);
        DECLARE_BITMAP(dirty_map, VMAP_BBMAP_BITS);
        struct list_head free_list;
        struct rcu_head rcu_head;
        struct list_head purge;
};

/* Queue of free and dirty vmap blocks, for allocation and flushing purposes */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vmap_block_queue, vmap_block_queue);

/*
 * Radix tree of vmap blocks, indexed by address, to quickly find a vmap block
 * in the free path. Could get rid of this if we change the API to return a
 * "cookie" from alloc, to be passed to free. But no big deal yet.
 */
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(vmap_block_tree_lock);
static RADIX_TREE(vmap_block_tree, GFP_ATOMIC);

/*
 * We should probably have a fallback mechanism to allocate virtual memory
 * out of partially filled vmap blocks. However vmap block sizing should be
 * fairly reasonable according to the vmalloc size, so it shouldn't be a
 * big problem.
 */

static unsigned long addr_to_vb_idx(unsigned long addr)
{
        addr -= VMALLOC_START & ~(VMAP_BLOCK_SIZE-1);
        addr /= VMAP_BLOCK_SIZE;
        return addr;
}

static struct vmap_block *new_vmap_block(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        struct vmap_block_queue *vbq;
        struct vmap_block *vb;
        struct vmap_area *va;
        unsigned long vb_idx;
        int node, err;

        node = numa_node_id();

        vb = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct vmap_block),
                        gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK, node);
        if (unlikely(!vb))
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        va = alloc_vmap_area(VMAP_BLOCK_SIZE, VMAP_BLOCK_SIZE,
                                        VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END,
                                        node, gfp_mask);
        if (IS_ERR(va)) {
                kfree(vb);
                return ERR_CAST(va);
        }

        err = radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask);
        if (unlikely(err)) {
                kfree(vb);
                free_vmap_area(va);
                return ERR_PTR(err);
        }

        spin_lock_init(&vb->lock);
        vb->va = va;
        vb->free = VMAP_BBMAP_BITS;
        vb->dirty = 0;
        bitmap_zero(vb->alloc_map, VMAP_BBMAP_BITS);
        bitmap_zero(vb->dirty_map, VMAP_BBMAP_BITS);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vb->free_list);

        vb_idx = addr_to_vb_idx(va->va_start);
        spin_lock(&vmap_block_tree_lock);
        err = radix_tree_insert(&vmap_block_tree, vb_idx, vb);
        spin_unlock(&vmap_block_tree_lock);
        BUG_ON(err);
        radix_tree_preload_end();

        vbq = &get_cpu_var(vmap_block_queue);
        vb->vbq = vbq;
        spin_lock(&vbq->lock);
        list_add_rcu(&vb->free_list, &vbq->free);
        spin_unlock(&vbq->lock);
        put_cpu_var(vmap_block_queue);

        return vb;
}

static void free_vmap_block(struct vmap_block *vb)
{
        struct vmap_block *tmp;
        unsigned long vb_idx;

        vb_idx = addr_to_vb_idx(vb->va->va_start);
        spin_lock(&vmap_block_tree_lock);
        tmp = radix_tree_delete(&vmap_block_tree, vb_idx);
        spin_unlock(&vmap_block_tree_lock);
        BUG_ON(tmp != vb);

        free_vmap_area_noflush(vb->va);
        kfree_rcu(vb, rcu_head);
}

static void purge_fragmented_blocks(int cpu)
{
        LIST_HEAD(purge);
        struct vmap_block *vb;
        struct vmap_block *n_vb;
        struct vmap_block_queue *vbq = &per_cpu(vmap_block_queue, cpu);

        rcu_read_lock();
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(vb, &vbq->free, free_list) {

                if (!(vb->free + vb->dirty == VMAP_BBMAP_BITS && vb->dirty != VMAP_BBMAP_BITS))
                        continue;

                spin_lock(&vb->lock);
                if (vb->free + vb->dirty == VMAP_BBMAP_BITS && vb->dirty != VMAP_BBMAP_BITS) {
                        vb->free = 0; /* prevent further allocs after releasing lock */
                        vb->dirty = VMAP_BBMAP_BITS; /* prevent purging it again */
                        bitmap_fill(vb->alloc_map, VMAP_BBMAP_BITS);
                        bitmap_fill(vb->dirty_map, VMAP_BBMAP_BITS);
                        spin_lock(&vbq->lock);
                        list_del_rcu(&vb->free_list);
                        spin_unlock(&vbq->lock);
                        spin_unlock(&vb->lock);
                        list_add_tail(&vb->purge, &purge);
                } else
                        spin_unlock(&vb->lock);
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        list_for_each_entry_safe(vb, n_vb, &purge, purge) {
                list_del(&vb->purge);
                free_vmap_block(vb);
        }
}

static void purge_fragmented_blocks_thiscpu(void)
{
        purge_fragmented_blocks(smp_processor_id());
}

static void purge_fragmented_blocks_allcpus(void)
{
        int cpu;

        for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
                purge_fragmented_blocks(cpu);
}

static void *vb_alloc(unsigned long size, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        struct vmap_block_queue *vbq;
        struct vmap_block *vb;
        unsigned long addr = 0;
        unsigned int order;
        int purge = 0;

        BUG_ON(size & ~PAGE_MASK);
        BUG_ON(size > PAGE_SIZE*VMAP_MAX_ALLOC);
        if (WARN_ON(size == 0)) {
                /*
                 * Allocating 0 bytes isn't what caller wants since
                 * get_order(0) returns funny result. Just warn and terminate
                 * early.
                 */
                return NULL;
        }
        order = get_order(size);

again:
        rcu_read_lock();
        vbq = &get_cpu_var(vmap_block_queue);
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(vb, &vbq->free, free_list) {
                int i;

                spin_lock(&vb->lock);
                if (vb->free < 1UL << order)
                        goto next;

                i = bitmap_find_free_region(vb->alloc_map,
                                                VMAP_BBMAP_BITS, order);

                if (i < 0) {
                        if (vb->free + vb->dirty == VMAP_BBMAP_BITS) {
                                /* fragmented and no outstanding allocations */
                                BUG_ON(vb->dirty != VMAP_BBMAP_BITS);
                                purge = 1;
                        }
                        goto next;
                }
                addr = vb->va->va_start + (i << PAGE_SHIFT);
                BUG_ON(addr_to_vb_idx(addr) !=
                                addr_to_vb_idx(vb->va->va_start));
                vb->free -= 1UL << order;
                if (vb->free == 0) {
                        spin_lock(&vbq->lock);
                        list_del_rcu(&vb->free_list);
                        spin_unlock(&vbq->lock);
                }
                spin_unlock(&vb->lock);
                break;
next:
                spin_unlock(&vb->lock);
        }

        if (purge)
                purge_fragmented_blocks_thiscpu();

        put_cpu_var(vmap_block_queue);
        rcu_read_unlock();

        if (!addr) {
                vb = new_vmap_block(gfp_mask);
                if (IS_ERR(vb))
                        return vb;
                goto again;
        }

        return (void *)addr;
}

static void vb_free(const void *addr, unsigned long size)
{
        unsigned long offset;
        unsigned long vb_idx;
        unsigned int order;
        struct vmap_block *vb;

        BUG_ON(size & ~PAGE_MASK);
        BUG_ON(size > PAGE_SIZE*VMAP_MAX_ALLOC);

        flush_cache_vunmap((unsigned long)addr, (unsigned long)addr + size);

        order = get_order(size);

        offset = (unsigned long)addr & (VMAP_BLOCK_SIZE - 1);

        vb_idx = addr_to_vb_idx((unsigned long)addr);
        rcu_read_lock();
        vb = radix_tree_lookup(&vmap_block_tree, vb_idx);
        rcu_read_unlock();
        BUG_ON(!vb);

        vunmap_page_range((unsigned long)addr, (unsigned long)addr + size);

        spin_lock(&vb->lock);
        BUG_ON(bitmap_allocate_region(vb->dirty_map, offset >> PAGE_SHIFT, order));

        vb->dirty += 1UL << order;
        if (vb->dirty == VMAP_BBMAP_BITS) {
                BUG_ON(vb->free);
                spin_unlock(&vb->lock);
                free_vmap_block(vb);
        } else
                spin_unlock(&vb->lock);
}

/**
 * vm_unmap_aliases - unmap outstanding lazy aliases in the vmap layer
 *
 * The vmap/vmalloc layer lazily flushes kernel virtual mappings primarily
 * to amortize TLB flushing overheads. What this means is that any page you
 * have now, may, in a former life, have been mapped into kernel virtual
 * address by the vmap layer and so there might be some CPUs with TLB entries
 * still referencing that page (additional to the regular 1:1 kernel mapping).
 *
 * vm_unmap_aliases flushes all such lazy mappings. After it returns, we can
 * be sure that none of the pages we have control over will have any aliases
 * from the vmap layer.
 */
void vm_unmap_aliases(void)
{
        unsigned long start = ULONG_MAX, end = 0;
        int cpu;
        int flush = 0;

        if (unlikely(!vmap_initialized))
                return;

        for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
                struct vmap_block_queue *vbq = &per_cpu(vmap_block_queue, cpu);
                struct vmap_block *vb;

                rcu_read_lock();
                list_for_each_entry_rcu(vb, &vbq->free, free_list) {
                        int i;

                        spin_lock(&vb->lock);
                        i = find_first_bit(vb->dirty_map, VMAP_BBMAP_BITS);
                        while (i < VMAP_BBMAP_BITS) {
                                unsigned long s, e;
                                int j;
                                j = find_next_zero_bit(vb->dirty_map,
                                        VMAP_BBMAP_BITS, i);

                                s = vb->va->va_start + (i << PAGE_SHIFT);
                                e = vb->va->va_start + (j << PAGE_SHIFT);
                                flush = 1;

                                if (s < start)
                                        start = s;
                                if (e > end)
                                        end = e;

                                i = j;
                                i = find_next_bit(vb->dirty_map,
                                                        VMAP_BBMAP_BITS, i);
                        }
                        spin_unlock(&vb->lock);
                }
                rcu_read_unlock();
        }

        __purge_vmap_area_lazy(&start, &end, 1, flush);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vm_unmap_aliases);

/**
 * vm_unmap_ram - unmap linear kernel address space set up by vm_map_ram
 * @mem: the pointer returned by vm_map_ram
 * @count: the count passed to that vm_map_ram call (cannot unmap partial)
 */
void vm_unmap_ram(const void *mem, unsigned int count)
{
        unsigned long size = count << PAGE_SHIFT;
        unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)mem;

        BUG_ON(!addr);
        BUG_ON(addr < VMALLOC_START);
        BUG_ON(addr > VMALLOC_END);
        BUG_ON(addr & (PAGE_SIZE-1));

        debug_check_no_locks_freed(mem, size);
        vmap_debug_free_range(addr, addr+size);

        if (likely(count <= VMAP_MAX_ALLOC))
                vb_free(mem, size);
        else
                free_unmap_vmap_area_addr(addr);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_unmap_ram);

/**
 * vm_map_ram - map pages linearly into kernel virtual address (vmalloc space)
 * @pages: an array of pointers to the pages to be mapped
 * @count: number of pages
 * @node: prefer to allocate data structures on this node
 * @prot: memory protection to use. PAGE_KERNEL for regular RAM
 *
 * Returns: a pointer to the address that has been mapped, or %NULL on failure
 */
void *vm_map_ram(struct page **pages, unsigned int count, int node, pgprot_t prot)
{
        unsigned long size = count << PAGE_SHIFT;
        unsigned long addr;
        void *mem;

        if (likely(count <= VMAP_MAX_ALLOC)) {
                mem = vb_alloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (IS_ERR(mem))
                        return NULL;
                addr = (unsigned long)mem;
        } else {
                struct vmap_area *va;
                va = alloc_vmap_area(size, PAGE_SIZE,
                                VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END, node, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (IS_ERR(va))
                        return NULL;

                addr = va->va_start;
                mem = (void *)addr;
        }
        if (vmap_page_range(addr, addr + size, prot, pages) < 0) {
                vm_unmap_ram(mem, count);
                return NULL;
        }
        return mem;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_map_ram);

static struct vm_struct *vmlist __initdata;
/**
 * vm_area_add_early - add vmap area early during boot
 * @vm: vm_struct to add
 *
 * This function is used to add fixed kernel vm area to vmlist before
 * vmalloc_init() is called.  @vm->addr, @vm->size, and @vm->flags
 * should contain proper values and the other fields should be zero.
 *
 * DO NOT USE THIS FUNCTION UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU'RE DOING.
 */
void __init vm_area_add_early(struct vm_struct *vm)
{
        struct vm_struct *tmp, **p;

        BUG_ON(vmap_initialized);
        for (p = &vmlist; (tmp = *p) != NULL; p = &tmp->next) {
                if (tmp->addr >= vm->addr) {
                        BUG_ON(tmp->addr < vm->addr + vm->size);
                        break;
                } else
                        BUG_ON(tmp->addr + tmp->size > vm->addr);
        }
        vm->next = *p;
        *p = vm;
}

/**
 * vm_area_register_early - register vmap area early during boot
 * @vm: vm_struct to register
 * @align: requested alignment
 *
 * This function is used to register kernel vm area before
 * vmalloc_init() is called.  @vm->size and @vm->flags should contain
 * proper values on entry and other fields should be zero.  On return,
 * vm->addr contains the allocated address.
 *
 * DO NOT USE THIS FUNCTION UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU'RE DOING.
 */
void __init vm_area_register_early(struct vm_struct *vm, size_t align)
{
        static size_t vm_init_off __initdata;
        unsigned long addr;

        addr = ALIGN(VMALLOC_START + vm_init_off, align);
        vm_init_off = PFN_ALIGN(addr + vm->size) - VMALLOC_START;

        vm->addr = (void *)addr;

        vm_area_add_early(vm);
}

void __init vmalloc_init(void)
{
        struct vmap_area *va;
        struct vm_struct *tmp;
        int i;

        for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
                struct vmap_block_queue *vbq;

                vbq = &per_cpu(vmap_block_queue, i);
                spin_lock_init(&vbq->lock);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vbq->free);
        }

        /* Import existing vmlist entries. */
        for (tmp = vmlist; tmp; tmp = tmp->next) {
                va = kzalloc(sizeof(struct vmap_area), GFP_NOWAIT);
                va->flags = VM_VM_AREA;
                va->va_start = (unsigned long)tmp->addr;
                va->va_end = va->va_start + tmp->size;
                va->vm = tmp;
                __insert_vmap_area(va);
        }

        vmap_area_pcpu_hole = VMALLOC_END;

        vmap_initialized = true;
}

/**
 * map_kernel_range_noflush - map kernel VM area with the specified pages
 * @addr: start of the VM area to map
 * @size: size of the VM area to map
 * @prot: page protection flags to use
 * @pages: pages to map
 *
 * Map PFN_UP(@size) pages at @addr.  The VM area @addr and @size
 * specify should have been allocated using get_vm_area() and its
 * friends.
 *
 * NOTE:
 * This function does NOT do any cache flushing.  The caller is
 * responsible for calling flush_cache_vmap() on to-be-mapped areas
 * before calling this function.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * The number of pages mapped on success, -errno on failure.
 */
int map_kernel_range_noflush(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size,
                             pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages)
{
        return vmap_page_range_noflush(addr, addr + size, prot, pages);
}

/**
 * unmap_kernel_range_noflush - unmap kernel VM area
 * @addr: start of the VM area to unmap
 * @size: size of the VM area to unmap
 *
 * Unmap PFN_UP(@size) pages at @addr.  The VM area @addr and @size
 * specify should have been allocated using get_vm_area() and its
 * friends.
 *
 * NOTE:
 * This function does NOT do any cache flushing.  The caller is
 * responsible for calling flush_cache_vunmap() on to-be-mapped areas
 * before calling this function and flush_tlb_kernel_range() after.
 */
void unmap_kernel_range_noflush(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size)
{
        vunmap_page_range(addr, addr + size);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unmap_kernel_range_noflush);

/**
 * unmap_kernel_range - unmap kernel VM area and flush cache and TLB
 * @addr: start of the VM area to unmap
 * @size: size of the VM area to unmap
 *
 * Similar to unmap_kernel_range_noflush() but flushes vcache before
 * the unmapping and tlb after.
 */
void unmap_kernel_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size)
{
        unsigned long end = addr + size;

        flush_cache_vunmap(addr, end);
        vunmap_page_range(addr, end);
        flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr, end);
}

int map_vm_area(struct vm_struct *area, pgprot_t prot, struct page ***pages)
{
        unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)area->addr;
        unsigned long end = addr + area->size - PAGE_SIZE;
        int err;

        err = vmap_page_range(addr, end, prot, *pages);
        if (err > 0) {
                *pages += err;
                err = 0;
        }

        return err;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(map_vm_area);

static void setup_vmalloc_vm(struct vm_struct *vm, struct vmap_area *va,
                              unsigned long flags, const void *caller)
{
        spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
        vm->flags = flags;
        vm->addr = (void *)va->va_start;
        vm->size = va->va_end - va->va_start;
        vm->caller = caller;
        va->vm = vm;
        va->flags |= VM_VM_AREA;
        spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);
}

static void clear_vm_unlist(struct vm_struct *vm)
{
        /*
         * Before removing VM_UNLIST,
         * we should make sure that vm has proper values.
         * Pair with smp_rmb() in show_numa_info().
         */
        smp_wmb();
        vm->flags &= ~VM_UNLIST;
}

static void insert_vmalloc_vm(struct vm_struct *vm, struct vmap_area *va,
                              unsigned long flags, const void *caller)
{
        setup_vmalloc_vm(vm, va, flags, caller);
        clear_vm_unlist(vm);
}

static struct vm_struct *__get_vm_area_node(unsigned long size,
                unsigned long align, unsigned long flags, unsigned long start,
                unsigned long end, int node, gfp_t gfp_mask, const void *caller)
{
        struct vmap_area *va;
        struct vm_struct *area;

        BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
        if (flags & VM_IOREMAP) {
                int bit = fls(size);

                if (bit > IOREMAP_MAX_ORDER)
                        bit = IOREMAP_MAX_ORDER;
                else if (bit < PAGE_SHIFT)
                        bit = PAGE_SHIFT;

                align = 1ul << bit;
        }

        size = PAGE_ALIGN(size);
        if (unlikely(!size))
                return NULL;

        area = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*area), gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK, node);
        if (unlikely(!area))
                return NULL;

        /*
         * We always allocate a guard page.
         */
        size += PAGE_SIZE;

        va = alloc_vmap_area(size, align, start, end, node, gfp_mask);
        if (IS_ERR(va)) {
                kfree(area);
                return NULL;
        }

        /*
         * When this function is called from __vmalloc_node_range,
         * we add VM_UNLIST flag to avoid accessing uninitialized
         * members of vm_struct such as pages and nr_pages fields.
         * They will be set later.
         */
        if (flags & VM_UNLIST)
                setup_vmalloc_vm(area, va, flags, caller);
        else
                insert_vmalloc_vm(area, va, flags, caller);

        return area;
}

struct vm_struct *__get_vm_area(unsigned long size, unsigned long flags,
                                unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
        return __get_vm_area_node(size, 1, flags, start, end, NUMA_NO_NODE,
                                  GFP_KERNEL, __builtin_return_address(0));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__get_vm_area);

struct vm_struct *__get_vm_area_caller(unsigned long size, unsigned long flags,
                                       unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
                                       const void *caller)
{
        return __get_vm_area_node(size, 1, flags, start, end, NUMA_NO_NODE,
                                  GFP_KERNEL, caller);
}

/**
 *      get_vm_area  -  reserve a contiguous kernel virtual area
 *      @size:          size of the area
 *      @flags:         %VM_IOREMAP for I/O mappings or VM_ALLOC
 *
 *      Search an area of @size in the kernel virtual mapping area,
 *      and reserved it for out purposes.  Returns the area descriptor
 *      on success or %NULL on failure.
 */
struct vm_struct *get_vm_area(unsigned long size, unsigned long flags)
{
        return __get_vm_area_node(size, 1, flags, VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END,
                                  NUMA_NO_NODE, GFP_KERNEL,
                                  __builtin_return_address(0));
}

struct vm_struct *get_vm_area_caller(unsigned long size, unsigned long flags,
                                const void *caller)
{
        return __get_vm_area_node(size, 1, flags, VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END,
                                  NUMA_NO_NODE, GFP_KERNEL, caller);
}

/**
 *      find_vm_area  -  find a continuous kernel virtual area
 *      @addr:          base address
 *
 *      Search for the kernel VM area starting at @addr, and return it.
 *      It is up to the caller to do all required locking to keep the returned
 *      pointer valid.
 */
struct vm_struct *find_vm_area(const void *addr)
{
        struct vmap_area *va;

        va = find_vmap_area((unsigned long)addr);
        if (va && va->flags & VM_VM_AREA)
                return va->vm;

        return NULL;
}

/**
 *      remove_vm_area  -  find and remove a continuous kernel virtual area
 *      @addr:          base address
 *
 *      Search for the kernel VM area starting at @addr, and remove it.
 *      This function returns the found VM area, but using it is NOT safe
 *      on SMP machines, except for its size or flags.
 */
struct vm_struct *remove_vm_area(const void *addr)
{
        struct vmap_area *va;

        va = find_vmap_area((unsigned long)addr);
        if (va && va->flags & VM_VM_AREA) {
                struct vm_struct *vm = va->vm;

                spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
                va->vm = NULL;
                va->flags &= ~VM_VM_AREA;
                spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);

                vmap_debug_free_range(va->va_start, va->va_end);
                free_unmap_vmap_area(va);
                vm->size -= PAGE_SIZE;

                return vm;
        }
        return NULL;
}

static void __vunmap(const void *addr, int deallocate_pages)
{
        struct vm_struct *area;

        if (!addr)
                return;

        if ((PAGE_SIZE-1) & (unsigned long)addr) {
                WARN(1, KERN_ERR "Trying to vfree() bad address (%p)\n", addr);
                return;
        }

        area = remove_vm_area(addr);
        if (unlikely(!area)) {
                WARN(1, KERN_ERR "Trying to vfree() nonexistent vm area (%p)\n",
                                addr);
                return;
        }

        debug_check_no_locks_freed(addr, area->size);
        debug_check_no_obj_freed(addr, area->size);

        if (deallocate_pages) {
                int i;

                for (i = 0; i < area->nr_pages; i++) {
                        struct page *page = area->pages[i];

                        BUG_ON(!page);
                        __free_page(page);
                }

                if (area->flags & VM_VPAGES)
                        vfree(area->pages);
                else
                        kfree(area->pages);
        }

        kfree(area);
        return;
}

/**
 *      vfree  -  release memory allocated by vmalloc()
 *      @addr:          memory base address
 *
 *      Free the virtually continuous memory area starting at @addr, as
 *      obtained from vmalloc(), vmalloc_32() or __vmalloc(). If @addr is
 *      NULL, no operation is performed.
 *
 *      Must not be called in interrupt context.
 */
void vfree(const void *addr)
{
        BUG_ON(in_interrupt());

        kmemleak_free(addr);

        __vunmap(addr, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfree);

/**
 *      vunmap  -  release virtual mapping obtained by vmap()
 *      @addr:          memory base address
 *
 *      Free the virtually contiguous memory area starting at @addr,
 *      which was created from the page array passed to vmap().
 *
 *      Must not be called in interrupt context.
 */
void vunmap(const void *addr)
{
        BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
        might_sleep();
        __vunmap(addr, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vunmap);

/**
 *      vmap  -  map an array of pages into virtually contiguous space
 *      @pages:         array of page pointers
 *      @count:         number of pages to map
 *      @flags:         vm_area->flags
 *      @prot:          page protection for the mapping
 *
 *      Maps @count pages from @pages into contiguous kernel virtual
 *      space.
 */
void *vmap(struct page **pages, unsigned int count,
                unsigned long flags, pgprot_t prot)
{
        struct vm_struct *area;

        might_sleep();

        if (count > totalram_pages)
                return NULL;

        area = get_vm_area_caller((count << PAGE_SHIFT), flags,
                                        __builtin_return_address(0));
        if (!area)
                return NULL;

        if (map_vm_area(area, prot, &pages)) {
                vunmap(area->addr);
                return NULL;
        }

        return area->addr;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmap);

static void *__vmalloc_node(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
                            gfp_t gfp_mask, pgprot_t prot,
                            int node, const void *caller);
static void *__vmalloc_area_node(struct vm_struct *area, gfp_t gfp_mask,
                                 pgprot_t prot, int node, const void *caller)
{
        const int order = 0;
        struct page **pages;
        unsigned int nr_pages, array_size, i;
        gfp_t nested_gfp = (gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK) | __GFP_ZERO;

        nr_pages = (area->size - PAGE_SIZE) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        array_size = (nr_pages * sizeof(struct page *));

        area->nr_pages = nr_pages;
        /* Please note that the recursion is strictly bounded. */
        if (array_size > PAGE_SIZE) {
                pages = __vmalloc_node(array_size, 1, nested_gfp|__GFP_HIGHMEM,
                                PAGE_KERNEL, node, caller);
                area->flags |= VM_VPAGES;
        } else {
                pages = kmalloc_node(array_size, nested_gfp, node);
        }
        area->pages = pages;
        area->caller = caller;
        if (!area->pages) {
                remove_vm_area(area->addr);
                kfree(area);
                return NULL;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < area->nr_pages; i++) {
                struct page *page;
                gfp_t tmp_mask = gfp_mask | __GFP_NOWARN;

                if (node < 0)
                        page = alloc_page(tmp_mask);
                else
                        page = alloc_pages_node(node, tmp_mask, order);

                if (unlikely(!page)) {
                        /* Successfully allocated i pages, free them in __vunmap() */
                        area->nr_pages = i;
                        goto fail;
                }
                area->pages[i] = page;
        }

        if (map_vm_area(area, prot, &pages))
                goto fail;
        return area->addr;

fail:
        warn_alloc_failed(gfp_mask, order,
                          "vmalloc: allocation failure, allocated %ld of %ld bytes\n",
                          (area->nr_pages*PAGE_SIZE), area->size);
        vfree(area->addr);
        return NULL;
}

/**
 *      __vmalloc_node_range  -  allocate virtually contiguous memory
 *      @size:          allocation size
 *      @align:         desired alignment
 *      @start:         vm area range start
 *      @end:           vm area range end
 *      @gfp_mask:      flags for the page level allocator
 *      @prot:          protection mask for the allocated pages
 *      @node:          node to use for allocation or NUMA_NO_NODE
 *      @caller:        caller's return address
 *
 *      Allocate enough pages to cover @size from the page level
 *      allocator with @gfp_mask flags.  Map them into contiguous
 *      kernel virtual space, using a pagetable protection of @prot.
 */
void *__vmalloc_node_range(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
                        unsigned long start, unsigned long end, gfp_t gfp_mask,
                        pgprot_t prot, int node, const void *caller)
{
        struct vm_struct *area;
        void *addr;
        unsigned long real_size = size;

        size = PAGE_ALIGN(size);
        if (!size || (size >> PAGE_SHIFT) > totalram_pages)
                goto fail;

        area = __get_vm_area_node(size, align, VM_ALLOC | VM_UNLIST,
                                  start, end, node, gfp_mask, caller);
        if (!area)
                goto fail;

        addr = __vmalloc_area_node(area, gfp_mask, prot, node, caller);
        if (!addr)
                return NULL;

        /*
         * In this function, newly allocated vm_struct has VM_UNLIST flag.
         * It means that vm_struct is not fully initialized.
         * Now, it is fully initialized, so remove this flag here.
         */
        clear_vm_unlist(area);

        /*
         * A ref_count = 3 is needed because the vm_struct and vmap_area
         * structures allocated in the __get_vm_area_node() function contain
         * references to the virtual address of the vmalloc'ed block.
         */
        kmemleak_alloc(addr, real_size, 3, gfp_mask);

        return addr;

fail:
        warn_alloc_failed(gfp_mask, 0,
                          "vmalloc: allocation failure: %lu bytes\n",
                          real_size);
        return NULL;
}

/**
 *      __vmalloc_node  -  allocate virtually contiguous memory
 *      @size:          allocation size
 *      @align:         desired alignment
 *      @gfp_mask:      flags for the page level allocator
 *      @prot:          protection mask for the allocated pages
 *      @node:          node to use for allocation or NUMA_NO_NODE
 *      @caller:        caller's return address
 *
 *      Allocate enough pages to cover @size from the page level
 *      allocator with @gfp_mask flags.  Map them into contiguous
 *      kernel virtual space, using a pagetable protection of @prot.
 */
static void *__vmalloc_node(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
                            gfp_t gfp_mask, pgprot_t prot,
                            int node, const void *caller)
{
        return __vmalloc_node_range(size, align, VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END,
                                gfp_mask, prot, node, caller);
}

void *__vmalloc(unsigned long size, gfp_t gfp_mask, pgprot_t prot)
{
        return __vmalloc_node(size, 1, gfp_mask, prot, NUMA_NO_NODE,
                                __builtin_return_address(0));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__vmalloc);

static inline void *__vmalloc_node_flags(unsigned long size,
                                        int node, gfp_t flags)
{
        return __vmalloc_node(size, 1, flags, PAGE_KERNEL,
                                        node, __builtin_return_address(0));
}

/**
 *      vmalloc  -  allocate virtually contiguous memory
 *      @size:          allocation size
 *      Allocate enough pages to cover @size from the page level
 *      allocator and map them into contiguous kernel virtual space.
 *
 *      For tight control over page level allocator and protection flags
 *      use __vmalloc() instead.
 */
void *vmalloc(unsigned long size)
{
        return __vmalloc_node_flags(size, NUMA_NO_NODE,
                                    GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc);

/**
 *      vzalloc - allocate virtually contiguous memory with zero fill
 *      @size:  allocation size
 *      Allocate enough pages to cover @size from the page level
 *      allocator and map them into contiguous kernel virtual space.
 *      The memory allocated is set to zero.
 *
 *      For tight control over page level allocator and protection flags
 *      use __vmalloc() instead.
 */
void *vzalloc(unsigned long size)
{
        return __vmalloc_node_flags(size, NUMA_NO_NODE,
                                GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_ZERO);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vzalloc);

/**
 * vmalloc_user - allocate zeroed virtually contiguous memory for userspace
 * @size: allocation size
 *
 * The resulting memory area is zeroed so it can be mapped to userspace
 * without leaking data.
 */
void *vmalloc_user(unsigned long size)
{
        struct vm_struct *area;
        void *ret;

        ret = __vmalloc_node(size, SHMLBA,
                             GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_ZERO,
                             PAGE_KERNEL, NUMA_NO_NODE,
                             __builtin_return_address(0));
        if (ret) {
                area = find_vm_area(ret);
                area->flags |= VM_USERMAP;
        }
        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_user);

/**
 *      vmalloc_node  -  allocate memory on a specific node
 *      @size:          allocation size
 *      @node:          numa node
 *
 *      Allocate enough pages to cover @size from the page level
 *      allocator and map them into contiguous kernel virtual space.
 *
 *      For tight control over page level allocator and protection flags
 *      use __vmalloc() instead.
 */
void *vmalloc_node(unsigned long size, int node)
{
        return __vmalloc_node(size, 1, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM, PAGE_KERNEL,
                                        node, __builtin_return_address(0));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_node);

/**
 * vzalloc_node - allocate memory on a specific node with zero fill
 * @size:       allocation size
 * @node:       numa node
 *
 * Allocate enough pages to cover @size from the page level
 * allocator and map them into contiguous kernel virtual space.
 * The memory allocated is set to zero.
 *
 * For tight control over page level allocator and protection flags
 * use __vmalloc_node() instead.
 */
void *vzalloc_node(unsigned long size, int node)
{
        return __vmalloc_node_flags(size, node,
                         GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_ZERO);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vzalloc_node);

#ifndef PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC
# define PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC PAGE_KERNEL
#endif

/**
 *      vmalloc_exec  -  allocate virtually contiguous, executable memory
 *      @size:          allocation size
 *
 *      Kernel-internal function to allocate enough pages to cover @size
 *      the page level allocator and map them into contiguous and
 *      executable kernel virtual space.
 *
 *      For tight control over page level allocator and protection flags
 *      use __vmalloc() instead.
 */

void *vmalloc_exec(unsigned long size)
{
        return __vmalloc_node(size, 1, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC,
                              NUMA_NO_NODE, __builtin_return_address(0));
}

#if defined(CONFIG_64BIT) && defined(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32)
#define GFP_VMALLOC32 GFP_DMA32 | GFP_KERNEL
#elif defined(CONFIG_64BIT) && defined(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA)
#define GFP_VMALLOC32 GFP_DMA | GFP_KERNEL
#else
#define GFP_VMALLOC32 GFP_KERNEL
#endif

/**
 *      vmalloc_32  -  allocate virtually contiguous memory (32bit addressable)
 *      @size:          allocation size
 *
 *      Allocate enough 32bit PA addressable pages to cover @size from the
 *      page level allocator and map them into contiguous kernel virtual space.
 */
void *vmalloc_32(unsigned long size)
{
        return __vmalloc_node(size, 1, GFP_VMALLOC32, PAGE_KERNEL,
                              NUMA_NO_NODE, __builtin_return_address(0));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_32);

/**
 * vmalloc_32_user - allocate zeroed virtually contiguous 32bit memory
 *      @size:          allocation size
 *
 * The resulting memory area is 32bit addressable and zeroed so it can be
 * mapped to userspace without leaking data.
 */
void *vmalloc_32_user(unsigned long size)
{
        struct vm_struct *area;
        void *ret;

        ret = __vmalloc_node(size, 1, GFP_VMALLOC32 | __GFP_ZERO, PAGE_KERNEL,
                             NUMA_NO_NODE, __builtin_return_address(0));
        if (ret) {
                area = find_vm_area(ret);
                area->flags |= VM_USERMAP;
        }
        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_32_user);

/*
 * small helper routine , copy contents to buf from addr.
 * If the page is not present, fill zero.
 */

static int aligned_vread(char *buf, char *addr, unsigned long count)
{
        struct page *p;
        int copied = 0;

        while (count) {
                unsigned long offset, length;

                offset = (unsigned long)addr & ~PAGE_MASK;
                length = PAGE_SIZE - offset;
                if (length > count)
                        length = count;
                p = vmalloc_to_page(addr);
                /*
                 * To do safe access to this _mapped_ area, we need
                 * lock. But adding lock here means that we need to add
                 * overhead of vmalloc()/vfree() calles for this _debug_
                 * interface, rarely used. Instead of that, we'll use
                 * kmap() and get small overhead in this access function.
                 */
                if (p) {
                        /*
                         * we can expect USER0 is not used (see vread/vwrite's
                         * function description)
                         */
                        void *map = kmap_atomic(p);
                        memcpy(buf, map + offset, length);
                        kunmap_atomic(map);
                } else
                        memset(buf, 0, length);

                addr += length;
                buf += length;
                copied += length;
                count -= length;
        }
        return copied;
}

static int aligned_vwrite(char *buf, char *addr, unsigned long count)
{
        struct page *p;
        int copied = 0;

        while (count) {
                unsigned long offset, length;

                offset = (unsigned long)addr & ~PAGE_MASK;
                length = PAGE_SIZE - offset;
                if (length > count)
                        length = count;
                p = vmalloc_to_page(addr);
                /*
                 * To do safe access to this _mapped_ area, we need
                 * lock. But adding lock here means that we need to add
                 * overhead of vmalloc()/vfree() calles for this _debug_
                 * interface, rarely used. Instead of that, we'll use
                 * kmap() and get small overhead in this access function.
                 */
                if (p) {
                        /*
                         * we can expect USER0 is not used (see vread/vwrite's
                         * function description)
                         */
                        void *map = kmap_atomic(p);
                        memcpy(map + offset, buf, length);
                        kunmap_atomic(map);
                }
                addr += length;
                buf += length;
                copied += length;
                count -= length;
        }
        return copied;
}

/**
 *      vread() -  read vmalloc area in a safe way.
 *      @buf:           buffer for reading data
 *      @addr:          vm address.
 *      @count:         number of bytes to be read.
 *
 *      Returns # of bytes which addr and buf should be increased.
 *      (same number to @count). Returns 0 if [addr...addr+count) doesn't
 *      includes any intersect with alive vmalloc area.
 *
 *      This function checks that addr is a valid vmalloc'ed area, and
 *      copy data from that area to a given buffer. If the given memory range
 *      of [addr...addr+count) includes some valid address, data is copied to
 *      proper area of @buf. If there are memory holes, they'll be zero-filled.
 *      IOREMAP area is treated as memory hole and no copy is done.
 *
 *      If [addr...addr+count) doesn't includes any intersects with alive
 *      vm_struct area, returns 0. @buf should be kernel's buffer.
 *
 *      Note: In usual ops, vread() is never necessary because the caller
 *      should know vmalloc() area is valid and can use memcpy().
 *      This is for routines which have to access vmalloc area without
 *      any informaion, as /dev/kmem.
 *
 */

long vread(char *buf, char *addr, unsigned long count)
{
        struct vmap_area *va;
        struct vm_struct *vm;
        char *vaddr, *buf_start = buf;
        unsigned long buflen = count;
        unsigned long n;

        /* Don't allow overflow */
        if ((unsigned long) addr + count < count)
                count = -(unsigned long) addr;

        spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
        list_for_each_entry(va, &vmap_area_list, list) {
                if (!count)
                        break;

                if (!(va->flags & VM_VM_AREA))
                        continue;

                vm = va->vm;
                vaddr = (char *) vm->addr;
                if (addr >= vaddr + vm->size - PAGE_SIZE)
                        continue;
                while (addr < vaddr) {
                        if (count == 0)
                                goto finished;
                        *buf = '\0';
                        buf++;
                        addr++;
                        count--;
                }
                n = vaddr + vm->size - PAGE_SIZE - addr;
                if (n > count)
                        n = count;
                if (!(vm->flags & VM_IOREMAP))
                        aligned_vread(buf, addr, n);
                else /* IOREMAP area is treated as memory hole */
                        memset(buf, 0, n);
                buf += n;
                addr += n;
                count -= n;
        }
finished:
        spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);

        if (buf == buf_start)
                return 0;
        /* zero-fill memory holes */
        if (buf != buf_start + buflen)
                memset(buf, 0, buflen - (buf - buf_start));

        return buflen;
}

/**
 *      vwrite() -  write vmalloc area in a safe way.
 *      @buf:           buffer for source data
 *      @addr:          vm address.
 *      @count:         number of bytes to be read.
 *
 *      Returns # of bytes which addr and buf should be incresed.
 *      (same number to @count).
 *      If [addr...addr+count) doesn't includes any intersect with valid
 *      vmalloc area, returns 0.
 *
 *      This function checks that addr is a valid vmalloc'ed area, and
 *      copy data from a buffer to the given addr. If specified range of
 *      [addr...addr+count) includes some valid address, data is copied from
 *      proper area of @buf. If there are memory holes, no copy to hole.
 *      IOREMAP area is treated as memory hole and no copy is done.
 *
 *      If [addr...addr+count) doesn't includes any intersects with alive
 *      vm_struct area, returns 0. @buf should be kernel's buffer.
 *
 *      Note: In usual ops, vwrite() is never necessary because the caller
 *      should know vmalloc() area is valid and can use memcpy().
 *      This is for routines which have to access vmalloc area without
 *      any informaion, as /dev/kmem.
 */

long vwrite(char *buf, char *addr, unsigned long count)
{
        struct vmap_area *va;
        struct vm_struct *vm;
        char *vaddr;
        unsigned long n, buflen;
        int copied = 0;

        /* Don't allow overflow */
        if ((unsigned long) addr + count < count)
                count = -(unsigned long) addr;
        buflen = count;

        spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
        list_for_each_entry(va, &vmap_area_list, list) {
                if (!count)
                        break;

                if (!(va->flags & VM_VM_AREA))
                        continue;

                vm = va->vm;
                vaddr = (char *) vm->addr;
                if (addr >= vaddr + vm->size - PAGE_SIZE)
                        continue;
                while (addr < vaddr) {
                        if (count == 0)
                                goto finished;
                        buf++;
                        addr++;
                        count--;
                }
                n = vaddr + vm->size - PAGE_SIZE - addr;
                if (n > count)
                        n = count;
                if (!(vm->flags & VM_IOREMAP)) {
                        aligned_vwrite(buf, addr, n);
                        copied++;
                }
                buf += n;
                addr += n;
                count -= n;
        }
finished:
        spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);
        if (!copied)
                return 0;
        return buflen;
}

/**
 *      remap_vmalloc_range  -  map vmalloc pages to userspace
 *      @vma:           vma to cover (map full range of vma)
 *      @addr:          vmalloc memory
 *      @pgoff:         number of pages into addr before first page to map
 *
 *      Returns:        0 for success, -Exxx on failure
 *
 *      This function checks that addr is a valid vmalloc'ed area, and
 *      that it is big enough to cover the vma. Will return failure if
 *      that criteria isn't met.
 *
 *      Similar to remap_pfn_range() (see mm/memory.c)
 */
int remap_vmalloc_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, void *addr,
                                                unsigned long pgoff)
{
        struct vm_struct *area;
        unsigned long uaddr = vma->vm_start;
        unsigned long usize = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;

        if ((PAGE_SIZE-1) & (unsigned long)addr)
                return -EINVAL;

        area = find_vm_area(addr);
        if (!area)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (!(area->flags & VM_USERMAP))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (usize + (pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) > area->size - PAGE_SIZE)
                return -EINVAL;

        addr += pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
        do {
                struct page *page = vmalloc_to_page(addr);
                int ret;

                ret = vm_insert_page(vma, uaddr, page);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;

                uaddr += PAGE_SIZE;
                addr += PAGE_SIZE;
                usize -= PAGE_SIZE;
        } while (usize > 0);

        vma->vm_flags |= VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP;

        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(remap_vmalloc_range);

/*
 * Implement a stub for vmalloc_sync_all() if the architecture chose not to
 * have one.
 */
void  __attribute__((weak)) vmalloc_sync_all(void)
{
}


static int f(pte_t *pte, pgtable_t table, unsigned long addr, void *data)
{
        pte_t ***p = data;

        if (p) {
                *(*p) = pte;
                (*p)++;
        }
        return 0;
}

/**
 *      alloc_vm_area - allocate a range of kernel address space
 *      @size:          size of the area
 *      @ptes:          returns the PTEs for the address space
 *
 *      Returns:        NULL on failure, vm_struct on success
 *
 *      This function reserves a range of kernel address space, and
 *      allocates pagetables to map that range.  No actual mappings
 *      are created.
 *
 *      If @ptes is non-NULL, pointers to the PTEs (in init_mm)
 *      allocated for the VM area are returned.
 */
struct vm_struct *alloc_vm_area(size_t size, pte_t **ptes)
{
        struct vm_struct *area;

        area = get_vm_area_caller(size, VM_IOREMAP,
                                __builtin_return_address(0));
        if (area == NULL)
                return NULL;

        /*
         * This ensures that page tables are constructed for this region
         * of kernel virtual address space and mapped into init_mm.
         */
        if (apply_to_page_range(&init_mm, (unsigned long)area->addr,
                                size, f, ptes ? &ptes : NULL)) {
                free_vm_area(area);
                return NULL;
        }

        return area;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(alloc_vm_area);

void free_vm_area(struct vm_struct *area)
{
        struct vm_struct *ret;
        ret = remove_vm_area(area->addr);
        BUG_ON(ret != area);
        kfree(area);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(free_vm_area);

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static struct vmap_area *node_to_va(struct rb_node *n)
{
        return n ? rb_entry(n, struct vmap_area, rb_node) : NULL;
}

/**
 * pvm_find_next_prev - find the next and prev vmap_area surrounding @end
 * @end: target address
 * @pnext: out arg for the next vmap_area
 * @pprev: out arg for the previous vmap_area
 *
 * Returns: %true if either or both of next and prev are found,
 *          %false if no vmap_area exists
 *
 * Find vmap_areas end addresses of which enclose @end.  ie. if not
 * NULL, *pnext->va_end > @end and *pprev->va_end <= @end.
 */
static bool pvm_find_next_prev(unsigned long end,
                               struct vmap_area **pnext,
                               struct vmap_area **pprev)
{
        struct rb_node *n = vmap_area_root.rb_node;
        struct vmap_area *va = NULL;

        while (n) {
                va = rb_entry(n, struct vmap_area, rb_node);
                if (end < va->va_end)
                        n = n->rb_left;
                else if (end > va->va_end)
                        n = n->rb_right;
                else
                        break;
        }

        if (!va)
                return false;

        if (va->va_end > end) {
                *pnext = va;
                *pprev = node_to_va(rb_prev(&(*pnext)->rb_node));
        } else {
                *pprev = va;
                *pnext = node_to_va(rb_next(&(*pprev)->rb_node));
        }
        return true;
}

/**
 * pvm_determine_end - find the highest aligned address between two vmap_areas
 * @pnext: in/out arg for the next vmap_area
 * @pprev: in/out arg for the previous vmap_area
 * @align: alignment
 *
 * Returns: determined end address
 *
 * Find the highest aligned address between *@pnext and *@pprev below
 * VMALLOC_END.  *@pnext and *@pprev are adjusted so that the aligned
 * down address is between the end addresses of the two vmap_areas.
 *
 * Please note that the address returned by this function may fall
 * inside *@pnext vmap_area.  The caller is responsible for checking
 * that.
 */
static unsigned long pvm_determine_end(struct vmap_area **pnext,
                                       struct vmap_area **pprev,
                                       unsigned long align)
{
        const unsigned long vmalloc_end = VMALLOC_END & ~(align - 1);
        unsigned long addr;

        if (*pnext)
                addr = min((*pnext)->va_start & ~(align - 1), vmalloc_end);
        else
                addr = vmalloc_end;

        while (*pprev && (*pprev)->va_end > addr) {
                *pnext = *pprev;
                *pprev = node_to_va(rb_prev(&(*pnext)->rb_node));
        }

        return addr;
}

/**
 * pcpu_get_vm_areas - allocate vmalloc areas for percpu allocator
 * @offsets: array containing offset of each area
 * @sizes: array containing size of each area
 * @nr_vms: the number of areas to allocate
 * @align: alignment, all entries in @offsets and @sizes must be aligned to this
 *
 * Returns: kmalloc'd vm_struct pointer array pointing to allocated
 *          vm_structs on success, %NULL on failure
 *
 * Percpu allocator wants to use congruent vm areas so that it can
 * maintain the offsets among percpu areas.  This function allocates
 * congruent vmalloc areas for it with GFP_KERNEL.  These areas tend to
 * be scattered pretty far, distance between two areas easily going up
 * to gigabytes.  To avoid interacting with regular vmallocs, these
 * areas are allocated from top.
 *
 * Despite its complicated look, this allocator is rather simple.  It
 * does everything top-down and scans areas from the end looking for
 * matching slot.  While scanning, if any of the areas overlaps with
 * existing vmap_area, the base address is pulled down to fit the
 * area.  Scanning is repeated till all the areas fit and then all
 * necessary data structres are inserted and the result is returned.
 */
struct vm_struct **pcpu_get_vm_areas(const unsigned long *offsets,
                                     const size_t *sizes, int nr_vms,
                                     size_t align)
{
        const unsigned long vmalloc_start = ALIGN(VMALLOC_START, align);
        const unsigned long vmalloc_end = VMALLOC_END & ~(align - 1);
        struct vmap_area **vas, *prev, *next;
        struct vm_struct **vms;
        int area, area2, last_area, term_area;
        unsigned long base, start, end, last_end;
        bool purged = false;

        /* verify parameters and allocate data structures */
        BUG_ON(align & ~PAGE_MASK || !is_power_of_2(align));
        for (last_area = 0, area = 0; area < nr_vms; area++) {
                start = offsets[area];
                end = start + sizes[area];

                /* is everything aligned properly? */
                BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(offsets[area], align));
                BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(sizes[area], align));

                /* detect the area with the highest address */
                if (start > offsets[last_area])
                        last_area = area;

                for (area2 = 0; area2 < nr_vms; area2++) {
                        unsigned long start2 = offsets[area2];
                        unsigned long end2 = start2 + sizes[area2];

                        if (area2 == area)
                                continue;

                        BUG_ON(start2 >= start && start2 < end);
                        BUG_ON(end2 <= end && end2 > start);
                }
        }
        last_end = offsets[last_area] + sizes[last_area];

        if (vmalloc_end - vmalloc_start < last_end) {
                WARN_ON(true);
                return NULL;
        }

        vms = kcalloc(nr_vms, sizeof(vms[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
        vas = kcalloc(nr_vms, sizeof(vas[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!vas || !vms)
                goto err_free2;

        for (area = 0; area < nr_vms; area++) {
                vas[area] = kzalloc(sizeof(struct vmap_area), GFP_KERNEL);
                vms[area] = kzalloc(sizeof(struct vm_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!vas[area] || !vms[area])
                        goto err_free;
        }
retry:
        spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);

        /* start scanning - we scan from the top, begin with the last area */
        area = term_area = last_area;
        start = offsets[area];
        end = start + sizes[area];

        if (!pvm_find_next_prev(vmap_area_pcpu_hole, &next, &prev)) {
                base = vmalloc_end - last_end;
                goto found;
        }
        base = pvm_determine_end(&next, &prev, align) - end;

        while (true) {
                BUG_ON(next && next->va_end <= base + end);
                BUG_ON(prev && prev->va_end > base + end);

                /*
                 * base might have underflowed, add last_end before
                 * comparing.
                 */
                if (base + last_end < vmalloc_start + last_end) {
                        spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);
                        if (!purged) {
                                purge_vmap_area_lazy();
                                purged = true;
                                goto retry;
                        }
                        goto err_free;
                }

                /*
                 * If next overlaps, move base downwards so that it's
                 * right below next and then recheck.
                 */
                if (next && next->va_start < base + end) {
                        base = pvm_determine_end(&next, &prev, align) - end;
                        term_area = area;
                        continue;
                }

                /*
                 * If prev overlaps, shift down next and prev and move
                 * base so that it's right below new next and then
                 * recheck.
                 */
                if (prev && prev->va_end > base + start)  {
                        next = prev;
                        prev = node_to_va(rb_prev(&next->rb_node));
                        base = pvm_determine_end(&next, &prev, align) - end;
                        term_area = area;
                        continue;
                }

                /*
                 * This area fits, move on to the previous one.  If
                 * the previous one is the terminal one, we're done.
                 */
                area = (area + nr_vms - 1) % nr_vms;
                if (area == term_area)
                        break;
                start = offsets[area];
                end = start + sizes[area];
                pvm_find_next_prev(base + end, &next, &prev);
        }
found:
        /* we've found a fitting base, insert all va's */
        for (area = 0; area < nr_vms; area++) {
                struct vmap_area *va = vas[area];

                va->va_start = base + offsets[area];
                va->va_end = va->va_start + sizes[area];
                __insert_vmap_area(va);
        }

        vmap_area_pcpu_hole = base + offsets[last_area];

        spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);

        /* insert all vm's */
        for (area = 0; area < nr_vms; area++)
                insert_vmalloc_vm(vms[area], vas[area], VM_ALLOC,
                                  pcpu_get_vm_areas);

        kfree(vas);
        return vms;

err_free:
        for (area = 0; area < nr_vms; area++) {
                kfree(vas[area]);
                kfree(vms[area]);
        }
err_free2:
        kfree(vas);
        kfree(vms);
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * pcpu_free_vm_areas - free vmalloc areas for percpu allocator
 * @vms: vm_struct pointer array returned by pcpu_get_vm_areas()
 * @nr_vms: the number of allocated areas
 *
 * Free vm_structs and the array allocated by pcpu_get_vm_areas().
 */
void pcpu_free_vm_areas(struct vm_struct **vms, int nr_vms)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < nr_vms; i++)
                free_vm_area(vms[i]);
        kfree(vms);
}
#endif  /* CONFIG_SMP */

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
static void *s_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
        __acquires(&vmap_area_lock)
{
        loff_t n = *pos;
        struct vmap_area *va;

        spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
        va = list_entry((&vmap_area_list)->next, typeof(*va), list);
        while (n > 0 && &va->list != &vmap_area_list) {
                n--;
                va = list_entry(va->list.next, typeof(*va), list);
        }
        if (!n && &va->list != &vmap_area_list)
                return va;

        return NULL;

}

static void *s_next(struct seq_file *m, void *p, loff_t *pos)
{
        struct vmap_area *va = p, *next;

        ++*pos;
        next = list_entry(va->list.next, typeof(*va), list);
        if (&next->list != &vmap_area_list)
                return next;

        return NULL;
}

static void s_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
        __releases(&vmap_area_lock)
{
        spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);
}

static void show_numa_info(struct seq_file *m, struct vm_struct *v)
{
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA)) {
                unsigned int nr, *counters = m->private;

                if (!counters)
                        return;

                /* Pair with smp_wmb() in clear_vm_unlist() */
                smp_rmb();
                if (v->flags & VM_UNLIST)
                        return;

                memset(counters, 0, nr_node_ids * sizeof(unsigned int));

                for (nr = 0; nr < v->nr_pages; nr++)
                        counters[page_to_nid(v->pages[nr])]++;

                for_each_node_state(nr, N_HIGH_MEMORY)
                        if (counters[nr])
                                seq_printf(m, " N%u=%u", nr, counters[nr]);
        }
}

static int s_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
{
        struct vmap_area *va = p;
        struct vm_struct *v;

        if (va->flags & (VM_LAZY_FREE | VM_LAZY_FREEING))
                return 0;

        if (!(va->flags & VM_VM_AREA)) {
                seq_printf(m, "0x%pK-0x%pK %7ld vm_map_ram\n",
                        (void *)va->va_start, (void *)va->va_end,
                                        va->va_end - va->va_start);
                return 0;
        }

        v = va->vm;

        seq_printf(m, "0x%pK-0x%pK %7ld",
                v->addr, v->addr + v->size, v->size);

        if (v->caller)
                seq_printf(m, " %pS", v->caller);

        if (v->nr_pages)
                seq_printf(m, " pages=%d", v->nr_pages);

        if (v->phys_addr)
                seq_printf(m, " phys=%llx", (unsigned long long)v->phys_addr);

        if (v->flags & VM_IOREMAP)
                seq_printf(m, " ioremap");

        if (v->flags & VM_ALLOC)
                seq_printf(m, " vmalloc");

        if (v->flags & VM_MAP)
                seq_printf(m, " vmap");

        if (v->flags & VM_USERMAP)
                seq_printf(m, " user");

        if (v->flags & VM_VPAGES)
                seq_printf(m, " vpages");

        show_numa_info(m, v);
        seq_putc(m, '\n');
        return 0;
}

static const struct seq_operations vmalloc_op = {
        .start = s_start,
        .next = s_next,
        .stop = s_stop,
        .show = s_show,
};

static int vmalloc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        unsigned int *ptr = NULL;
        int ret;

        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA)) {
                ptr = kmalloc(nr_node_ids * sizeof(unsigned int), GFP_KERNEL);
                if (ptr == NULL)
                        return -ENOMEM;
        }
        ret = seq_open(file, &vmalloc_op);
        if (!ret) {
                struct seq_file *m = file->private_data;
                m->private = ptr;
        } else
                kfree(ptr);
        return ret;
}

static const struct file_operations proc_vmalloc_operations = {
        .open           = vmalloc_open,
        .read           = seq_read,
        .llseek         = seq_lseek,
        .release        = seq_release_private,
};

static int __init proc_vmalloc_init(void)
{
        proc_create("vmallocinfo", S_IRUSR, NULL, &proc_vmalloc_operations);
        return 0;
}
module_init(proc_vmalloc_init);

void get_vmalloc_info(struct vmalloc_info *vmi)
{
        struct vmap_area *va;
        unsigned long free_area_size;
        unsigned long prev_end;

        vmi->used = 0;
        vmi->largest_chunk = 0;

        prev_end = VMALLOC_START;

        spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);

        if (list_empty(&vmap_area_list)) {
                vmi->largest_chunk = VMALLOC_TOTAL;
                goto out;
        }

        list_for_each_entry(va, &vmap_area_list, list) {
                unsigned long addr = va->va_start;

                /*
                 * Some archs keep another range for modules in vmalloc space
                 */
                if (addr < VMALLOC_START)
                        continue;
                if (addr >= VMALLOC_END)
                        break;

                if (va->flags & (VM_LAZY_FREE | VM_LAZY_FREEING))
                        continue;

                vmi->used += (va->va_end - va->va_start);

                free_area_size = addr - prev_end;
                if (vmi->largest_chunk < free_area_size)
                        vmi->largest_chunk = free_area_size;

                prev_end = va->va_end;
        }

        if (VMALLOC_END - prev_end > vmi->largest_chunk)
                vmi->largest_chunk = VMALLOC_END - prev_end;

out:
        spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);
}
#endif