1 February 2003 Kernel Parameters v2.5.59
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description states the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
25 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
26 APIC APIC support is enabled.
27 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30 DEVFS devfs support is enabled.
31 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
32 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
36 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
42 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44 LP Printer support is enabled.
45 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
46 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
47 These options have more detailed description inside of
48 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
50 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
51 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
53 MTD MTD support is enabled.
54 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
55 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
56 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
57 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
58 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
59 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
60 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
61 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
62 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
63 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
64 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
65 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
66 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
67 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
68 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
69 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
71 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
72 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
73 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
74 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
75 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
76 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
77 USB USB support is enabled.
78 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
79 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
80 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
81 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
82 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
83 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
84 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
85 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
86 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
88 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
90 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
91 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
92 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
94 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
95 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
96 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
97 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
99 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
100 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
101 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
102 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
103 running once the system is up.
105 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
106 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
107 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
109 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
110 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
111 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
112 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
113 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
114 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
115 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
116 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
118 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
120 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
121 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
122 See Documentation/power/video.txt
124 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
125 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
127 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
128 ACPI will balance active IRQs
131 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
132 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
135 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
137 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
139 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
140 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
142 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
144 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
146 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
147 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
148 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
150 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
152 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
153 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
154 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
155 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
157 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
159 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
160 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
161 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
162 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
164 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
166 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
167 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
168 override platform specific driver.
169 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
171 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
172 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
173 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
174 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
175 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
177 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
178 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
179 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
182 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
183 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
186 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
192 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
194 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
195 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
197 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
198 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
199 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
202 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
205 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
208 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
211 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
213 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
214 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
216 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
218 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
219 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
220 connected to one of 16 gameports
221 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
224 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
226 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
227 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
228 APC and your system crashes randomly.
230 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
231 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
232 Change the amount of debugging information output
233 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
235 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
236 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
241 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
242 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
246 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
248 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
250 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
251 EzKey and similar keyboards
253 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
255 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
256 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
258 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
261 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
262 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
264 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
265 Use software keyboard repeat
269 awe= [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
270 Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
272 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
273 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
275 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
278 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
280 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
282 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
283 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
284 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
285 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
287 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
288 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
289 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
290 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
292 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
298 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
299 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
301 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
302 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
305 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
306 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
308 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
310 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
311 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
312 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
313 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
314 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
315 This option provides an override for these situations.
318 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
319 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
321 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
323 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
324 Format: { "0" | "1" }
325 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
326 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
327 any implied execute protection).
328 1 -- check protection requested by application.
329 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
330 Value can be changed at runtime via
331 /selinux/checkreqprot.
333 clock= [BUGS=IA-32,HW] gettimeofday timesource override.
334 Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
335 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified
336 timesource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
337 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
341 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
342 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
343 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
345 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
349 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
351 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
353 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
355 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
359 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
360 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
362 condev= [HW,S390] console device
365 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
367 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
371 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
372 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
373 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
374 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
375 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
377 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
379 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
382 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
383 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
384 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
385 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
386 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
387 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
389 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
391 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
394 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
396 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
397 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
398 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
401 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
406 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
407 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
409 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
412 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
414 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
415 (one device per port)
416 Format: <port#>,<type>
417 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
419 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
422 Format: <area>[,<node>]
423 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
426 See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
429 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
432 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
434 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
435 See drivers/char/README.epca and
436 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
438 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
440 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
442 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
448 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
450 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
452 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
455 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
457 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
459 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
462 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
467 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
470 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
477 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
478 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
481 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
483 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
484 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
487 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
488 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
491 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
492 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
493 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
495 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
496 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
497 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
498 pass this option to capture kernel.
499 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
501 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
503 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
504 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
505 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
507 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
510 Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
511 See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
514 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
515 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
517 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
518 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
519 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
521 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
525 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
528 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
531 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
533 ftape= [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
534 See Documentation/ftape.txt.
537 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
538 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
539 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
540 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
545 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
547 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
548 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
553 gt96100eth= [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
556 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
560 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
561 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
562 for IA-64, off otherwise.
563 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
565 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
567 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
568 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
570 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
571 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
573 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
574 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
575 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
576 size on bigger boxes.
579 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
581 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
583 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
585 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
586 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
587 keyboard and can not control its state
588 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
589 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
590 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
591 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
593 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
596 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
597 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
598 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
599 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
603 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
604 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
606 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
607 does not match list of supported models.
609 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
610 (disabled by default)
611 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
614 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
615 See Documentation/mca.txt.
618 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
620 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
621 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
622 See Documentation/ide.txt.
624 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
625 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
626 See Documentation/ide.txt.
628 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
629 See Documentation/ide.txt.
632 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
635 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
638 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
642 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
645 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
646 for working out where the kernel is dying during
649 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
651 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
654 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
655 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
656 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
657 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
658 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
659 changing hdc to sdb).
660 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
664 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
665 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
666 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
669 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
671 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
672 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
674 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
675 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
678 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
679 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
683 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
684 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
685 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
689 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
691 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
692 Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
693 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
694 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
695 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
696 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
697 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
698 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
700 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
701 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
702 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
703 suboptimal load balancer performance.
706 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
710 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
711 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
715 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
720 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
723 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
724 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
726 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
727 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
729 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
730 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
732 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
735 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
738 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
741 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
744 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
747 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
748 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
749 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
750 loglevels are defined as follows:
752 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
753 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
754 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
755 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
756 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
757 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
758 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
759 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
761 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
762 Format: { n | nk | nM }
763 n must be a power of two. The default size
764 is set in the kernel config file.
766 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
767 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
768 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
769 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
770 specified in addition to the ports) causes
771 attached printers to be reset. Using
772 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
773 to associate lp devices with, starting with
774 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
775 that lp device, or a parport name such as
776 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
777 port specification list means that device IDs
778 from each port should be examined, to see if
779 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
780 so, the driver will manage that printer.
781 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
784 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
785 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
786 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
787 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
788 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
789 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
790 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
791 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
792 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
793 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
794 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
798 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
800 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
801 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
803 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
804 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
806 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
807 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
808 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
810 mad16= [HW,OSS] Format:
811 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
816 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
820 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
823 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
824 equal to this physical address is ignored.
826 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
827 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
830 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
831 Should be between 1 and 16384.
833 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
838 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
842 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
844 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
845 See Documentation/md.txt.
848 Format: <first>,<last>
849 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
851 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
852 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
853 to see the whole system memory or for test.
854 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
855 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
856 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
858 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
861 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
862 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
863 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
864 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
867 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
868 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
869 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
871 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
872 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
873 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
875 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
876 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
877 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
879 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
880 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
885 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
886 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
887 This debugging option can be used to override the
888 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
889 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
890 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
891 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
892 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
893 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
895 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
896 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
897 development purposes, not production environments.
900 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
902 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
903 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
904 increase verbosity of the detection process.
905 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
906 some more information, and 2 will be really
907 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
908 serial console attached to the system).
911 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
913 This debug option can be used to proportionally
914 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
915 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
916 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
917 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
918 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
919 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
920 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
923 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
924 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
925 development purposes, not production environments.
928 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
929 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
930 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
931 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
933 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
934 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
935 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
936 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
942 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
944 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
945 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
948 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
950 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
951 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
952 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
954 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
957 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
963 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
965 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
969 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
970 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
971 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
972 something different and driver-specific.
973 This usage is only documented in each driver source
977 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
979 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
980 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
982 nfs.callback_tcpport=
983 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
984 channel should listen.
986 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
987 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
990 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
992 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
993 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
998 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
999 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1001 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1004 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1005 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1009 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1013 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1014 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1015 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1017 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1018 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1019 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1023 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1024 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1027 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1028 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1029 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1030 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1031 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1034 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1035 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1037 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1039 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1044 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1046 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1047 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1049 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1051 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1053 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1055 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1058 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1059 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1060 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1064 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1066 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1068 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1070 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1072 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1076 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1082 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1084 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1085 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1087 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1088 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1093 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1094 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1095 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1097 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1100 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1101 connected to, default is 0.
1103 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1104 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1107 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1108 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1109 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1110 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1111 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1112 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1113 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1114 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1115 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1116 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1117 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1118 are specified on the command line, starting
1121 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1122 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1123 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1124 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1125 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1126 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1127 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1129 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1130 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1133 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1136 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1137 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1138 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1143 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1144 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1146 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1147 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1148 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1149 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1150 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1151 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1152 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1153 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1154 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1155 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1157 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1159 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1161 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1162 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1163 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1164 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1165 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1166 done to get a device order compatible with
1168 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1169 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1170 on several machines and they hang the machine
1171 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1172 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1173 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1174 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1176 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1177 Use with caution as certain devices share
1178 address decoders between ROMs and other
1180 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1181 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1182 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1184 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1185 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1186 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1187 F0000h-100000h range.
1188 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1189 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1190 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1191 explicitly which ones they are.
1192 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1193 numbers ourselves, overriding
1194 whatever the firmware may have done.
1195 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1196 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1197 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1198 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1199 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1200 IRQ routing is enabled.
1201 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1202 or for PCI scanning.
1203 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1204 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1205 so this option is a temporary workaround
1206 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1207 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1208 just use the configuration from the
1209 bootloader. This is currently used on
1210 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1211 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1213 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1216 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1218 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1221 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1224 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1227 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1229 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1230 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1232 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1233 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1234 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1240 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1243 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1246 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1248 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1249 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1252 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1254 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1256 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1257 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1258 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1259 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1260 statistical time based profiling.
1262 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1263 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1264 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1266 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1267 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1268 instead using the legacy FADT method
1270 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1272 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1274 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1275 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1276 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1278 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1279 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1282 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1283 psmouse.smartscroll=
1284 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1285 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1287 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1289 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1292 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1294 quiet= [KNL] Disable log messages
1299 See Documentation/md.txt.
1301 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1302 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1304 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1305 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1307 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1308 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1309 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1311 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1312 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1314 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1315 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1317 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1318 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1320 rcu.rsinterval= [KNL,BOOT,SMP] Set the number of additional
1321 RCU callbacks to queued before forcing reschedule
1326 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1327 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1329 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1330 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1331 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1333 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1336 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1338 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1339 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1341 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1342 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1344 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1346 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1348 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1349 mount the root filesystem
1351 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1353 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1355 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1357 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1360 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1363 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1365 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1367 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1369 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1370 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1372 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1373 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1375 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1376 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1378 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1379 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1382 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1383 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1384 (flags are integer value)
1386 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1388 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1389 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1390 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1393 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1394 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1395 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1397 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1399 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1402 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1405 Maximal number of shapers.
1408 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1414 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1415 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1420 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1422 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1424 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1426 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1428 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1430 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1432 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1434 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1436 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1438 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1440 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1442 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1444 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1446 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1448 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1450 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1452 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1454 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1456 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1458 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1460 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1462 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1464 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1466 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1468 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1470 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1472 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1474 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1478 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1480 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1482 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1487 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1489 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1491 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1493 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1495 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1497 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1505 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1509 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1511 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1513 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1519 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1521 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1523 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1525 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1530 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1532 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1534 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1536 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1538 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1540 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1542 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1544 sonicvibes= [HW,OSS]
1548 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1550 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1551 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1553 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1554 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1556 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1562 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1564 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1565 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1568 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1572 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1573 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1574 as the initial boot-console.
1575 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1578 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1581 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1583 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1587 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1588 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1591 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1595 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1596 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1598 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1600 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1601 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1604 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1605 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1608 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1611 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1612 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1616 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1618 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1620 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1621 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1623 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1624 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1626 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1627 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1629 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1630 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1639 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1641 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1642 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1644 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1645 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1646 Documentation/svga.txt.
1647 Use vga=ask for menu.
1648 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1649 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1651 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1652 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1653 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1654 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1661 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1662 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1665 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1668 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1671 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1673 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1674 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1676 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1678 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1680 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1681 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1684 ______________________________________________________________________
1687 2000-06-?? Mr. Unknown
1688 The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1690 2002-11-24 Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1691 Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1692 Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1693 references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1694 PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1697 2005-10-19 Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
1698 Lots of typos, whitespace, some reformatting.
1702 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1703 Add more DRM drivers.