[PATCH] pcmcia: fix pcmcia_device_remove oops
[linux-2.6.22.y-op.git] / Documentation / kernel-parameters.txt
blobf8cb55c30b0fb4d3c8a9931d15c0eedb13684b46
1 February 2003             Kernel Parameters                     v2.5.59
2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12         modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18         usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description states the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
25         ALSA    ALSA sound support is enabled.
26         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
27         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled.
31         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
32         EDD     BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33         EFI     EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
36         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39         IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40         IP_PNP  IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41         ISAPNP  ISA PnP code is enabled.
42         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44         LP      Printer support is enabled.
45         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
46         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled.
47                         These options have more detailed description inside of
48                         Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
50         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
51         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52         MSI     Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
53         MTD     MTD support is enabled.
54         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
55         NUMA    NUMA support is enabled.
56         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
57         OSS     OSS sound support is enabled.
58         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
59         PARISC  The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
60         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
61         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
62         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
63         PPC     PowerPC architecture is enabled.
64         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
65         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
66         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
67         S390    S390 architecture is enabled.
68         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
69                         A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
70                         Documentation/scsi/.
71         SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
72         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
73         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
74         SPARC   Sparc architecture is enabled.
75         SWSUSP  Software suspend is enabled.
76         TS      Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
77         USB     USB support is enabled.
78         USBHID  USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
79         V4L     Video For Linux support is enabled.
80         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
81         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
82         WDT     Watchdog support is enabled.
83         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
84         X86-64  X86-64 architecture is enabled.
85                         More X86-64 boot options can be found in
86                         Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
88 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
90         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
91         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
92         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
94 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
95 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
96 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
97 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
99 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
100 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
101 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
102 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
103 running once the system is up.
105         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
106                         See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
107                         See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
109         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
110                         Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
111                         force -- enable ACPI if default was off
112                         off -- disable ACPI if default was on
113                         noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
114                         ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
115                         strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
116                                 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
118                         See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
120         acpi_sleep=     [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
121                         Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
122                         See Documentation/power/video.txt
124         acpi_sci=       [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
125                         Format: { level | edge | high | low }
127         acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
128                         ACPI will balance active IRQs
129                         default in APIC mode
131         acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
132                         ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
133                         default in PIC mode
135         acpi_irq_pci=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
136                         use by PCI
137                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
139         acpi_irq_isa=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
140                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
142         acpi_osi=       [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
144         acpi_serialize  [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
146         acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
147                         Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
148                         For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
150         acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
151                         Format: <int>
152                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
153                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
154                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
155                         via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
157         acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
158                         Format: <int>
159                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
160                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
161                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
162                         via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
164         acpi_fake_ecdt  [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
166         acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
167                         Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
168                         override platform specific driver.
169                         See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
171         enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
172                         Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
173                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
174                         (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
175                         The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
177         disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
178                         Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
179                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
181         ad1816=         [HW,OSS]
182                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
183                         See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
185         ad1848=         [HW,OSS]
186                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
188         adlib=          [HW,OSS]
189                         Format: <io>
191         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
192                         See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
194         advwdt=         [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
195                         Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
197         aedsp16=        [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
198                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
199                         See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
201         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
202                         See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
204         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
205                         Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
207         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
208                         See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
210         aic79xx=        [HW,SCSI]
211                         See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
213         amijoy.map=     [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
214                         Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
215                         Format: <a>,<b>
216                         See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
218         analog.map=     [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
219                         Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
220                         connected to one of 16 gameports
221                         Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
223         apc=            [HW,SPARC]
224                         Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
225                         Format: noidle
226                         Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
227                         not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
228                         APC and your system crashes randomly.
230         apic=           [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
231                         Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
232                         Change the amount of debugging information output
233                         when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
235         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management
236                         See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
238         applicom=       [HW]
239                         Format: <mem>,<irq>
241         arcrimi=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
242                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
244         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
246         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
248         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
250         atkbd.extra=    [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
251                         EzKey and similar keyboards
253         atkbd.reset=    [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
255         atkbd.set=      [HW] Select keyboard code set
256                         Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
258         atkbd.scroll=   [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
259                         keyboards
261         atkbd.softraw=  [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
262                         Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
264         atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
265                         Use software keyboard repeat
267         autotest        [IA64]
269         awe=            [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
270                         Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
272         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
273                         Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
275         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
276                         Format: <io>,<mode>
278         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
279                         Format: <io>,<mode>
280                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
282         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
283                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
284                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
285                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
287         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
288                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
289                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
290                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
292         blkmtd_device=  [HW,MTD]
293         blkmtd_erasesz=
294         blkmtd_ro=
295         blkmtd_bs=
296         blkmtd_count=
298         bttv.card=      [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
299         bttv.radio=     Most important insmod options are available as
300                         kernel args too.
301         bttv.pll=       See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
302         bttv.tuner=     and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
304         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
305                         See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
306                         BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
308         c101=           [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
310         cachesize=      [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
311                         Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
312                         size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
313                         to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
314                         possible to determine what the correct size should be.
315                         This option provides an override for these situations.
317         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
318                         Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
319                         See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
321         chandev=        [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
323         checkreqprot    [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
324                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
325                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
326                         0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
327                                 any implied execute protection).
328                         1 -- check protection requested by application.
329                         Default value is set via a kernel config option.
330                         Value can be changed at runtime via
331                                 /selinux/checkreqprot.
333         clock=          [BUGS=IA-32,HW] gettimeofday timesource override.
334                         Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
335                         when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified
336                         timesource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
337                         Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
339         disable_8254_timer
340         enable_8254_timer
341                         [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
342                         over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
343                         kernel tries to set a sensible default.
345         hpet=           [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
346                         Format: disable
348         cm206=          [HW,CD]
349                         Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
351         com20020=       [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
352                         Format:
353                         <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
355         com90io=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
356                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
358         com90xx=        [HW,NET]
359                         ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
360                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
362         condev=         [HW,S390] console device
363         conmode=
365         console=        [KNL] Output console device and options.
367                 tty<n>  Use the virtual console device <n>.
369                 ttyS<n>[,options]
370                 ttyUSB0[,options]
371                         Use the specified serial port.  The options are of
372                         the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
373                         "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
374                         bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
375                         omit it).  Default is "9600n8".
377                         See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
378                         information.  See
379                         Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
380                         alternative.
382                 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
383                 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
384                         Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
385                         UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
386                         switching to the matching ttyS device later.  The
387                         options are the same as for ttyS, above.
389         cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
390                         Format:
391                         <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
393         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
394                         Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
396         crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
397                         [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
398                         hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
400         cs4232=         [HW,OSS]
401                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
403         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
404                         Format: <dma>
406         cs89x0_media=   [HW,NET]
407                         Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
409         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
411         dasd=           [HW,NET]
412                         See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
414         db9.dev[2|3]=   [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
415                         (one device per port)
416                         Format: <port#>,<type>
417                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
419         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
421         decnet=         [HW,NET]
422                         Format: <area>[,<node>]
423                         See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
425         devfs=          [DEVFS]
426                         See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
428         dhash_entries=  [KNL]
429                         Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
431         digi=           [HW,SERIAL]
432                         IO parameters + enable/disable command.
434         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
435                         See drivers/char/README.epca and
436                         Documentation/digiepca.txt.
438         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
439                         support available.
440                         Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
442         dmasound=       [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
444         dscc4.setup=    [NET]
446         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
448         earlyprintk=    [IA-32,X86-64]
449                         earlyprintk=vga
450                         earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
452                         Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
453                         takes over.
455                         Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
457                         Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
459                         Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
460                         very good.
462                         The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
463                         console.
465         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
467         ec_intr=        [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
468                         Format: <int>
469                         0: polling mode
470                         non-0: interrupt mode (default)
472         eda=            [HW,PS2]
474         edb=            [HW,PS2]
476         edd=            [EDD]
477                         Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
478                         See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
480         eicon=          [HW,ISDN]
481                         Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
483         eisa_irq_edge=  [PARISC,HW]
484                         See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
486         elanfreq=       [IA-32]
487                         See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
488                         arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
490         elevator=       [IOSCHED]
491                         Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
492                         See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
493                         Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
495         elfcorehdr=     [IA-32, X86_64]
496                         Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
497                         image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
498                         pass this option to capture kernel.
499                         See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
501         enforcing       [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
502                         Format: {"0" | "1"}
503                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
504                         0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
505                         1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
506                         Default value is 0.
507                         Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
509         es1370=         [HW,OSS]
510                         Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
511                         See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
513         es1371=         [HW,OSS]
514                         Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
515                         See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
517         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
518                         This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
519                         has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
521         eurwdt=         [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
522                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
524         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
525                         See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
527         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
528                         See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
530         floppy=         [HW]
531                         See Documentation/floppy.txt.
533         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
534                         See Documentation/ftape.txt.
536         gamecon.map[2|3]=
537                         [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
538                         support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
539                         Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
540                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
542         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
544         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
545                         See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
547         gpt             [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
548                         invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
550         gscd=           [HW,CD]
551                         Format: <io>
553         gt96100eth=     [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
555         gus=            [HW,OSS]
556                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
558         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
560         hashdist=       [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
561                         are distributed across NUMA nodes.  Defaults on
562                         for IA-64, off otherwise.
563                         Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
565         hcl=            [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
567         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
568                         Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
570         hd?=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
571         hd?lun=         See Documentation/ide.txt.
573         highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
574                         size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
575                         highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
576                         size on bigger boxes.
578         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
579                         See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
581         hugepages=      [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
583         noirqbalance    [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
585         i8042.direct    [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
586         i8042.dumbkbd   [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
587                              keyboard and can not control its state
588                              (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
589         i8042.noaux     [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
590         i8042.nokbd     [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
591         i8042.nomux     [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
592                              controller
593         i8042.nopnp     [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
594                              controllers
595         i8042.panicblink=
596                         [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
597                              when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
598         i8042.reset     [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
599         i8042.unlock    [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
601         i810=           [HW,DRM]
603         i8k.ignore_dmi  [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
604                         indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
605                         hardware.
606         i8k.force       [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
607                         does not match list of supported models.
608         i8k.power_status
609                         [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
610                         (disabled by default)
611         i8k.restricted  [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
612                         capability is set.
614         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
615                         See Documentation/mca.txt.
617         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
618                         Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
620         ide=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
621                         Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
622                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
624         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
625                         Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
626                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
628         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
629                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
631         idle=           [HW]
632                         Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
634         ihash_entries=  [KNL]
635                         Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
637         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
638                         See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
640         init=           [KNL]
641                         Format: <full_path>
642                         Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
643                         process.
645         initcall_debug  [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
646                         for working out where the kernel is dying during
647                         startup.
649         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
651         inport.irq=     [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
652                         Format: <irq>
654         combined_mode=  [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
655                         mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
656                         (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
657                         useful as well).  Note that using the ide or libata
658                         options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
659                         changing hdc to sdb).
660                         Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
662         inttest=        [IA64]
664         io7=            [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
665                         See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
666                         arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
668         ip=             [IP_PNP]
669                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
671         ip2=            [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
672                         See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
674         ips=            [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
675                         See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
677         irqfixup        [HW]
678                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
679                         for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
680                         firmware running.
682         irqpoll         [HW]
683                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
684                         for it. Also check all handlers each timer
685                         interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
686                         firmware running.
688         isapnp=         [ISAPNP]
689                         Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
691         isolcpus=       [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
692                         Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
693                         This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
694                         to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
695                         algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
696                         an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
697                         <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
698                         "number of CPUs in system - 1".
700                         This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
701                         alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
702                         tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
703                         suboptimal load balancer performance.
705         isp16=          [HW,CD]
706                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
708         iucv=           [HW,NET]
710         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
711                         See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
713         keepinitrd      [HW,ARM]
715         kstack=N        [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
716                         in oops dumps.
718         l2cr=           [PPC]
720         lapic           [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
721                         disabled it.
723         lasi=           [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
724                         Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
726         llsc*=          [IA64] See function print_params() in
727                         arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
729         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
730                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
732         lockd.nlm_grace_period=P  [NFS] Assign grace period.
733                         Format: <integer>
735         lockd.nlm_tcpport=N     [NFS] Assign TCP port.
736                         Format: <integer>
738         lockd.nlm_timeout=T     [NFS] Assign timeout value.
739                         Format: <integer>
741         lockd.nlm_udpport=M     [NFS] Assign UDP port.
742                         Format: <integer>
744         logibm.irq=     [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
745                         Format: <irq>
747         loglevel=       All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
748                         console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
749                         also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
750                         loglevels are defined as follows:
752                         0 (KERN_EMERG)          system is unusable
753                         1 (KERN_ALERT)          action must be taken immediately
754                         2 (KERN_CRIT)           critical conditions
755                         3 (KERN_ERR)            error conditions
756                         4 (KERN_WARNING)        warning conditions
757                         5 (KERN_NOTICE)         normal but significant condition
758                         6 (KERN_INFO)           informational
759                         7 (KERN_DEBUG)          debug-level messages
761         log_buf_len=n   Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
762                         Format: { n | nk | nM }
763                         n must be a power of two.  The default size
764                         is set in the kernel config file.
766         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
767         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
768         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
769         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
770                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
771                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
772                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
773                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
774                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
775                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
776                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
777                                 port specification list means that device IDs
778                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
779                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
780                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
781                                 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
783         lpj=n           [KNL]
784                         Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
785                         time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
786                         CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
787                         the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
788                         autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
789                         on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
790                         which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
791                         significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
792                         will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
793                         unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
794                         unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
795                         hardware.
797         ltpc=           [NET]
798                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
800         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI] Format:
801                         <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
803         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI] Format:
804                         <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
806         machvec=        [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
807                         (machvec) in a generic kernel.
808                         Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
810         mad16=          [HW,OSS] Format:
811                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
813         maui=           [HW,OSS]
814                         Format: <io>,<irq>
816         max_loop=       [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
817                         be mounted
818                         Format: <1-256>
820         maxcpus=        [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
821                         should make use of
823         max_addr=[KMG]  [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
824                         equal to this physical address is ignored.
826         max_luns=       [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
827                         Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
829         max_report_luns=
830                         [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
831                         Should be between 1 and 16384.
833         mca-pentium     [BUGS=IA-32]
835         mcatest=        [IA-64]
837         mcd=            [HW,CD]
838                         Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
840         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
842         mce             [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
844         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
845                         See Documentation/md.txt.
847         mdacon=         [MDA]
848                         Format: <first>,<last>
849                         Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
851         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
852                         Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
853                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
854                         [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
855                         address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
856                         could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
858         mem=nopentium   [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
859                         memory.
861         memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
862                         E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
863                         Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
864                         BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
865                         option description.
867         memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
868                         [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
869                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
871         memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
872                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
873                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
875         memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
876                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
877                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
879         meye.*=         [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
880                         See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
882         mga=            [HW,DRM]
884         migration_cost=
885                         [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
886                         Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
887                         This debugging option can be used to override the
888                         default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
889                         are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
890                         E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
891                         box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
892                         1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
893                         and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
895                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
896                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
897                         development purposes, not production environments.
899         migration_debug=
900                         [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
901                         Format=<0|1|2>
902                         If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
903                         seems erroneous then this option can be used to
904                         increase verbosity of the detection process.
905                         We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
906                         some more information, and 2 will be really
907                         verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
908                         serial console attached to the system).
910         migration_factor=
911                         [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
912                         Format=<percent>
913                         This debug option can be used to proportionally
914                         increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
915                         costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
916                         E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
917                         costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
918                         eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
919                         migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
920                         by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
921                         migrate tasks)
923                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
924                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
925                         development purposes, not production environments.
927         mousedev.tap_time=
928                         [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
929                         leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
930                         a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
931                         touchpads working in absolute mode only).
932                         Format: <msecs>
933         mousedev.xres=  [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
934                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
935         mousedev.yres=  [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
936                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
938         mpu401=         [HW,OSS]
939                         Format: <io>,<irq>
941         MTD_Partition=  [MTD]
942                         Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
944         MTD_Region=     [MTD] Format:
945                         <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
947         mtdparts=       [MTD]
948                         See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
950         mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
951                         [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
952                         ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
954         n2=             [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
956         NCR_D700=       [HW,SCSI]
957                         See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
959         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
961         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
963         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
965         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
967         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
969         netdev=         [NET] Network devices parameters
970                         Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
971                         Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
972                         something different and driver-specific.
973                         This usage is only documented in each driver source
974                         file if at all.
976         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
977                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
979         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
980                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
982         nfs.callback_tcpport=
983                         [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
984                         channel should listen.
986         nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
987                         [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
988                         entries.
990         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
992         no387           [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
993                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
994                         is present.
996         noalign         [KNL,ARM]
998         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
999                         IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1001         noasync         [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1002                         all devices.
1004         nobats          [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1005                         on "Classic" PPC cores.
1007         nocache         [ARM]
1009         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1011         noexec          [IA-64]
1013         noexec          [IA-32,X86-64]
1014                         noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1015                         noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1017         nofxsr          [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1018                         register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1019                         legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1021         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
1023         no-hlt          [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1024                         instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1025                         use it.
1027         nohalt          [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1028                         function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1029                         power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1030                         interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1031                         in certain environments such as networked servers or
1032                         real-time systems.
1034         noirqdebug      [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1035                         disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1037         noisapnp        [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1039         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1040                         initial RAM disk.
1042         nointroute      [IA-64]
1044         nolapic         [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1046         noltlbs         [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1047                         lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1049         nomce           [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1051         nomca           [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1053         noresidual      [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1055         noresume        [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1056                         space.
1058         no-scroll       [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1059                         This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1060                         reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1062         nosbagart       [IA-64]
1064         nosep           [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1066         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1068         nosync          [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1070         notsc           [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1072         nousb           [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1074         nowb            [ARM]
1076         nr_uarts=       [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1078         opl3=           [HW,OSS]
1079                         Format: <io>
1081         opl3sa=         [HW,OSS]
1082                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1084         opl3sa2=        [HW,OSS] Format:
1085                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1087         oprofile.timer= [HW]
1088                         Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1090         optcd=          [HW,CD]
1091                         Format: <io>
1093         osst=           [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1094                         Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1095                         See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1097         panic=          [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1098                         Format: <timeout>
1100         parkbd.port=    [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1101                         connected to, default is 0.
1102                         Format: <parport#>
1103         parkbd.mode=    [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1104                         0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1105                         Format: <mode>
1107         parport=        [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1108                         Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1109                         Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1110                         IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1111                         ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1112                         possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1113                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1114                         should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1115                         settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1116                         (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1117                         Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1118                         are specified on the command line, starting
1119                         with parport0.
1121         parport_init_mode=      [HW,PPT]
1122                         Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1123                         a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1124                         computer where firmware has no options for setting
1125                         up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1126                         Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1127                         Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1129         pas2=           [HW,OSS] Format:
1130                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1132         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
1133                         See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1135         pause_on_oops=
1136                         Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1137                         the specified number of seconds.  This is to be used if
1138                         your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1140         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
1142         pcd.            [PARIDE]
1143                         See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1144                         See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1146         pci=option[,option...]  [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1147                 off             [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1148                 bios            [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1149                                 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1150                                 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1151                 nobios          [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1152                                 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1153                                 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1154                                 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1155                 conf1           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1156                                 Mechanism 1.
1157                 conf2           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1158                                 Mechanism 2.
1159                 nommconf        [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1160                                 Configuration
1161                 nomsi           [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1162                                 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1163                                 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1164                 nosort          [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1165                                 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1166                                 done to get a device order compatible with
1167                                 older kernels.
1168                 biosirq         [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1169                                 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1170                                 on several machines and they hang the machine
1171                                 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1172                                 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1173                                 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1174                                 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1175                                 motherboard.
1176                 rom             [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1177                                 Use with caution as certain devices share
1178                                 address decoders between ROMs and other
1179                                 resources.
1180                 irqmask=0xMMMM  [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1181                                 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1182                                 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1183                                 this way.
1184                 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA        [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1185                                 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1186                                 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1187                                 F0000h-100000h range.
1188                 lastbus=N       [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1189                                 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1190                                 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1191                                 explicitly which ones they are.
1192                 assign-busses   [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1193                                 numbers ourselves, overriding
1194                                 whatever the firmware may have done.
1195                 usepirqmask     [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1196                                 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1197                                 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1198                                 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1199                                 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1200                                 IRQ routing is enabled.
1201                 noacpi          [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1202                                 or for PCI scanning.
1203                 routeirq        Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1204                                 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1205                                 so this option is a temporary workaround
1206                                 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1207                 firmware        [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1208                                 just use the configuration from the
1209                                 bootloader. This is currently used on
1210                                 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1211                                 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1213         pcmv=           [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1215         pd.             [PARIDE]
1216                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1218         pdcchassis=     [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1219                         boot time.
1220                         Format: { 0 | 1 }
1221                         See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1223         pf.             [PARIDE]
1224                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1226         pg.             [PARIDE]
1227                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1229         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1230                         See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1232         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1233                         Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1234                         See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1236         pnpacpi=        [ACPI]
1237                         { off }
1239         pnpbios=        [ISAPNP]
1240                         { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1242         pnp_reserve_irq=
1243                         [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1245         pnp_reserve_dma=
1246                         [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1248         pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1249                         Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1251         pnp_reserve_mem=
1252                         [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1253                         autoconfiguration.
1254                         Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1256         profile=        [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1257                         Format: [schedule,]<number>
1258                         Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1259                         Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1260                                 statistical time based profiling.
1262         processor.max_cstate=   [HW,ACPI]
1263                         Limit processor to maximum C-state
1264                         max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1266         processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1267                         Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1268                         instead using the legacy FADT method
1270         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1271                         before loading.
1272                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1274         psmouse.proto=  [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1275                         probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1276         psmouse.rate=   [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1277                         per second.
1278         psmouse.resetafter=     [HW,MOUSE]
1279                         Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1280                         (0 = never).
1281         psmouse.resolution=
1282                         [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1283         psmouse.smartscroll=
1284                         [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1285                         0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1287         pss=            [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1288                         Format:
1289                         <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1291         pt.             [PARIDE]
1292                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1294         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages
1296         r128=           [HW,DRM]
1298         raid=           [HW,RAID]
1299                         See Documentation/md.txt.
1301         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1302                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1304         ramdisk_blocksize=      [RAM]
1305                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1307         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1308                         New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1309                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1311         rcu.blimit=     [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1312                         RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1314         rcu.qhimark=    [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1315                         RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1317         rcu.qlowmark=   [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1318                         RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1320         rcu.rsinterval= [KNL,BOOT,SMP] Set the number of additional
1321                         RCU callbacks to queued before forcing reschedule
1322                         on all cpus.
1324         rdinit=         [KNL]
1325                         Format: <full_path>
1326                         Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1327                         used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1329         reboot=         [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1330                         Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1331                         See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1333         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1335         resume=         [SWSUSP]
1336                         Specify the partition device for software suspend
1338         rhash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1339                         Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1341         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
1342                         Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1344         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1346         root=           [KNL] Root filesystem
1348         rootdelay=      [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1349                         mount the root filesystem
1351         rootflags=      [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1353         rootfstype=     [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1355         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1357         S               [KNL] Run init in single mode
1359         sa1100ir        [NET]
1360                         See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1362         sb=             [HW,OSS]
1363                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1365         sbni=           [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1367         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1368                         Format: <io>,<type>
1369                         See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1370                         drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1372         sc1200wdt=      [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1373                         Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1375         scsi_debug_*=   [SCSI]
1376                         See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1378         scsi_default_dev_flags=
1379                         [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1380                         Format: <integer>
1382         scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1383                         Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1384                         (flags are integer value)
1386         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
1388         selinux         [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1389                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
1390                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1391                         0 -- disable.
1392                         1 -- enable.
1393                         Default value is set via kernel config option.
1394                         If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1395                         later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1397         serialnumber    [BUGS=IA-32]
1399         sg_def_reserved_size=   [SCSI]
1401         sgalaxy=        [HW,OSS]
1402                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1404         shapers=        [NET]
1405                         Maximal number of shapers.
1407         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
1408                         See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1410         simeth=         [IA-64]
1411         simscsi=
1413         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
1414                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1415                         See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1417         slram=          [HW,MTD]
1419         smart2=         [HW]
1420                         Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1422         snd-ad1816a=    [HW,ALSA]
1424         snd-ad1848=     [HW,ALSA]
1426         snd-ali5451=    [HW,ALSA]
1428         snd-als100=     [HW,ALSA]
1430         snd-als4000=    [HW,ALSA]
1432         snd-azt2320=    [HW,ALSA]
1434         snd-cmi8330=    [HW,ALSA]
1436         snd-cmipci=     [HW,ALSA]
1438         snd-cs4231=     [HW,ALSA]
1440         snd-cs4232=     [HW,ALSA]
1442         snd-cs4236=     [HW,ALSA]
1444         snd-cs4281=     [HW,ALSA]
1446         snd-cs46xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1448         snd-dt019x=     [HW,ALSA]
1450         snd-dummy=      [HW,ALSA]
1452         snd-emu10k1=    [HW,ALSA]
1454         snd-ens1370=    [HW,ALSA]
1456         snd-ens1371=    [HW,ALSA]
1458         snd-es968=      [HW,ALSA]
1460         snd-es1688=     [HW,ALSA]
1462         snd-es18xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1464         snd-es1938=     [HW,ALSA]
1466         snd-es1968=     [HW,ALSA]
1468         snd-fm801=      [HW,ALSA]
1470         snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1472         snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1474         snd-gusmax=     [HW,ALSA]
1476         snd-hdsp=       [HW,ALSA]
1478         snd-ice1712=    [HW,ALSA]
1480         snd-intel8x0=   [HW,ALSA]
1482         snd-interwave=  [HW,ALSA]
1484         snd-interwave-stb=
1485                         [HW,ALSA]
1487         snd-korg1212=   [HW,ALSA]
1489         snd-maestro3=   [HW,ALSA]
1491         snd-mpu401=     [HW,ALSA]
1493         snd-mtpav=      [HW,ALSA]
1495         snd-nm256=      [HW,ALSA]
1497         snd-opl3sa2=    [HW,ALSA]
1499         snd-opti92x-ad1848=
1500                         [HW,ALSA]
1502         snd-opti92x-cs4231=
1503                         [HW,ALSA]
1505         snd-opti93x=    [HW,ALSA]
1507         snd-pmac=       [HW,ALSA]
1509         snd-rme32=      [HW,ALSA]
1511         snd-rme96=      [HW,ALSA]
1513         snd-rme9652=    [HW,ALSA]
1515         snd-sb8=        [HW,ALSA]
1517         snd-sb16=       [HW,ALSA]
1519         snd-sbawe=      [HW,ALSA]
1521         snd-serial=     [HW,ALSA]
1523         snd-sgalaxy=    [HW,ALSA]
1525         snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1527         snd-sun-amd7930=
1528                         [HW,ALSA]
1530         snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1532         snd-trident=    [HW,ALSA]
1534         snd-usb-audio=  [HW,ALSA,USB]
1536         snd-via82xx=    [HW,ALSA]
1538         snd-virmidi=    [HW,ALSA]
1540         snd-wavefront=  [HW,ALSA]
1542         snd-ymfpci=     [HW,ALSA]
1544         sonicvibes=     [HW,OSS]
1545                         Format: <reverb>
1547         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
1548                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1550         sonypi.*=       [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1551                         See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1553         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1554                         See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1556         spia_io_base=   [HW,MTD]
1557         spia_fio_base=
1558         spia_pedr=
1559         spia_peddr=
1561         sscape=         [HW,OSS]
1562                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1564         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1565                         See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1567         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
1568                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1570         sti=            [PARISC,HW]
1571                         Format: <num>
1572                         Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1573                         machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1574                         as the initial boot-console.
1575                         See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1577         sti_font=       [HW]
1578                         See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1580         stifb=          [HW]
1581                         Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1583         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1585         switches=       [HW,M68k]
1587         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
1588                         See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1590         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
1591                         See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1593         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
1595         thash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1596                         Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1598         time            Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1600         tipar.timeout=  [HW,PPT]
1601                         Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1602                         (default 15).
1604         tipar.delay=    [HW,PPT]
1605                         Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1607         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
1608                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1610         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
1611                         See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1612                         drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1614         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
1616         trix=           [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1617                         Format:
1618                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1620         tsdev.xres=     [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1621         tsdev.yres=     [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1623         turbografx.map[2|3]=    [HW,JOY]
1624                         TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1625                         Format:
1626                         <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1627                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1629         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1630                         See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1632         uart401=        [HW,OSS]
1633                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1635         uart6850=       [HW,OSS]
1636                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1638         usbhid.mousepoll=
1639                         [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1641         video=          [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1642                         See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1644         vga=            [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1645                         See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1646                         Documentation/svga.txt.
1647                         Use vga=ask for menu.
1648                         This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1649                         passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1651         vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1652                         size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1653                         minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1654                         decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1655                         mapped kernel RAM.
1657         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
1659         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390]
1661         waveartist=     [HW,OSS]
1662                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1664         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
1665                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1667         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
1668                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1670         wdt=            [WDT] Watchdog
1671                         See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1673         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1674         xd_geo=         See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1676         xirc2ps_cs=     [NET,PCMCIA]
1677                         Format:
1678                         <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1680         norandmaps      Don't use address space randomization
1681                         Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1684 ______________________________________________________________________
1685 Changelog:
1687 2000-06-??      Mr. Unknown
1688         The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1690 2002-11-24      Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1691                 Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1692         Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1693         references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1694         PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1695         reformatting.
1697 2005-10-19      Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
1698         Lots of typos, whitespace, some reformatting.
1700 TODO:
1702         Add documentation for ALSA options.
1703         Add more DRM drivers.