[PATCH] tmpfs: fix mount mpol nodelist parsing
[linux-2.6.22.y-op.git] / Documentation / kernel-parameters.txt
blobb874771385cda9df928fc651dee1e7585c6a08ff
1 February 2003             Kernel Parameters                     v2.5.59
2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12         modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18         usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description states the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
25         ALSA    ALSA sound support is enabled.
26         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
27         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled.
31         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
32         EDD     BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33         EFI     EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
36         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39         IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40         IP_PNP  IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41         ISAPNP  ISA PnP code is enabled.
42         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44         LP      Printer support is enabled.
45         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
46         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled.
47                         These options have more detailed description inside of
48                         Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
50         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
51         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52         MTD     MTD support is enabled.
53         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
54         NUMA    NUMA support is enabled.
55         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
56         OSS     OSS sound support is enabled.
57         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
58         PARISC  The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
59         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
60         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
61         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
62         PPC     PowerPC architecture is enabled.
63         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
64         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
65         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
66         S390    S390 architecture is enabled.
67         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
68                         A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
69                         Documentation/scsi/.
70         SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
71         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
72         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
73         SPARC   Sparc architecture is enabled.
74         SWSUSP  Software suspend is enabled.
75         TS      Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
76         USB     USB support is enabled.
77         USBHID  USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
78         V4L     Video For Linux support is enabled.
79         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
80         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
81         WDT     Watchdog support is enabled.
82         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
83         X86-64  X86-64 architecture is enabled.
84                         More X86-64 boot options can be found in
85                         Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
87 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
89         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
90         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
91         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
93 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
94 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
95 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
96 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
98 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
99 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
100 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
101 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
102 running once the system is up.
104         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
105                         See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
106                         See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
108         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
109                         Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
110                         force -- enable ACPI if default was off
111                         off -- disable ACPI if default was on
112                         noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
113                         ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
114                         strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
115                                 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
117                         See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
119         acpi_sleep=     [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
120                         Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
121                         See Documentation/power/video.txt
123         acpi_sci=       [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
124                         Format: { level | edge | high | low }
126         acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
127                         ACPI will balance active IRQs
128                         default in APIC mode
130         acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
131                         ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
132                         default in PIC mode
134         acpi_irq_pci=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
135                         use by PCI
136                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
138         acpi_irq_isa=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
139                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
141         acpi_osi=       [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
143         acpi_serialize  [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
145         acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
146                         Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
147                         For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
149         acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
150                         Format: <int>
151                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
152                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
153                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
154                         via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
156         acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
157                         Format: <int>
158                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
159                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
160                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
161                         via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
163         acpi_fake_ecdt  [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
165         acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
166                         Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
167                         override platform specific driver.
168                         See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
170         enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
171                         Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
172                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
173                         (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
174                         The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
176         disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
177                         Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
178                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
180         ad1816=         [HW,OSS]
181                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
182                         See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
184         ad1848=         [HW,OSS]
185                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
187         adlib=          [HW,OSS]
188                         Format: <io>
190         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
191                         See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
193         advwdt=         [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
194                         Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
196         aedsp16=        [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
197                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
198                         See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
200         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
201                         See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
203         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
204                         Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
206         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
207                         See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
209         aic79xx=        [HW,SCSI]
210                         See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
212         amijoy.map=     [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
213                         Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
214                         Format: <a>,<b>
215                         See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
217         analog.map=     [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
218                         Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
219                         connected to one of 16 gameports
220                         Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
222         apc=            [HW,SPARC]
223                         Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
224                         Format: noidle
225                         Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
226                         not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
227                         APC and your system crashes randomly.
229         apic=           [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
230                         Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
231                         Change the amount of debugging information output
232                         when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
234         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management
235                         See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
237         applicom=       [HW]
238                         Format: <mem>,<irq>
240         arcrimi=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
241                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
243         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
245         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
247         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
249         atkbd.extra=    [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
250                         EzKey and similar keyboards
252         atkbd.reset=    [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
254         atkbd.set=      [HW] Select keyboard code set
255                         Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
257         atkbd.scroll=   [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
258                         keyboards
260         atkbd.softraw=  [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
261                         Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
263         atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
264                         Use software keyboard repeat
266         autotest        [IA64]
268         awe=            [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
269                         Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
271         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
272                         Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
274         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
275                         Format: <io>,<mode>
277         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
278                         Format: <io>,<mode>
279                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
281         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
282                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
283                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
284                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
286         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
287                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
288                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
289                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
291         blkmtd_device=  [HW,MTD]
292         blkmtd_erasesz=
293         blkmtd_ro=
294         blkmtd_bs=
295         blkmtd_count=
297         bttv.card=      [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
298         bttv.radio=     Most important insmod options are available as
299                         kernel args too.
300         bttv.pll=       See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
301         bttv.tuner=     and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
303         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
304                         See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
305                         BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
307         c101=           [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
309         cachesize=      [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
310                         Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
311                         size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
312                         to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
313                         possible to determine what the correct size should be.
314                         This option provides an override for these situations.
316         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
317                         Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
318                         See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
320         chandev=        [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
322         checkreqprot    [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
323                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
324                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
325                         0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
326                                 any implied execute protection).
327                         1 -- check protection requested by application.
328                         Default value is set via a kernel config option.
329                         Value can be changed at runtime via
330                                 /selinux/checkreqprot.
332         clock=          [BUGS=IA-32,HW] gettimeofday timesource override.
333                         Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
334                         when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified
335                         timesource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
336                         Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
338         hpet=           [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
339                         Format: disable
341         cm206=          [HW,CD]
342                         Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
344         com20020=       [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
345                         Format:
346                         <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
348         com90io=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
349                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
351         com90xx=        [HW,NET]
352                         ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
353                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
355         condev=         [HW,S390] console device
356         conmode=
358         console=        [KNL] Output console device and options.
360                 tty<n>  Use the virtual console device <n>.
362                 ttyS<n>[,options]
363                         Use the specified serial port.  The options are of
364                         the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
365                         "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
366                         Default is "9600n8".
368                         See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.
370                 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
371                 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
372                         Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
373                         UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
374                         switching to the matching ttyS device later.  The
375                         options are the same as for ttyS, above.
377         cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
378                         Format:
379                         <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
381         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
382                         Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
384         crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
385                         [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
386                         hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
388         cs4232=         [HW,OSS]
389                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
391         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
392                         Format: <dma>
394         cs89x0_media=   [HW,NET]
395                         Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
397         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
399         dasd=           [HW,NET]
400                         See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
402         db9.dev[2|3]=   [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
403                         (one device per port)
404                         Format: <port#>,<type>
405                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
407         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
409         decnet=         [HW,NET]
410                         Format: <area>[,<node>]
411                         See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
413         devfs=          [DEVFS]
414                         See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
416         dhash_entries=  [KNL]
417                         Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
419         digi=           [HW,SERIAL]
420                         IO parameters + enable/disable command.
422         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
423                         See drivers/char/README.epca and
424                         Documentation/digiepca.txt.
426         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
427                         support available.
428                         Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
430         dmasound=       [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
432         dscc4.setup=    [NET]
434         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
436         earlyprintk=    [IA-32,X86-64]
437                         earlyprintk=vga
438                         earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
440                         Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
441                         takes over.
443                         Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
445                         Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
447                         Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
448                         very good.
450                         The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
451                         console.
453         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
455         ec_intr=        [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
456                         Format: <int>
457                         0: polling mode
458                         non-0: interrupt mode (default)
460         eda=            [HW,PS2]
462         edb=            [HW,PS2]
464         edd=            [EDD]
465                         Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
466                         See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
468         eicon=          [HW,ISDN]
469                         Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
471         eisa_irq_edge=  [PARISC,HW]
472                         See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
474         elanfreq=       [IA-32]
475                         See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
476                         arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
478         elevator=       [IOSCHED]
479                         Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
480                         See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
481                         Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
483         elfcorehdr=     [IA-32, X86_64]
484                         Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
485                         image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
486                         pass this option to capture kernel.
487                         See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
489         enforcing       [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
490                         Format: {"0" | "1"}
491                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
492                         0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
493                         1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
494                         Default value is 0.
495                         Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
497         es1370=         [HW,OSS]
498                         Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
499                         See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
501         es1371=         [HW,OSS]
502                         Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
503                         See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
505         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
506                         This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
507                         has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
509         eurwdt=         [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
510                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
512         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
513                         See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
515         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
516                         See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
518         floppy=         [HW]
519                         See Documentation/floppy.txt.
521         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
522                         See Documentation/ftape.txt.
524         gamecon.map[2|3]=
525                         [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
526                         support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
527                         Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
528                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
530         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
532         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
533                         See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
535         gpt             [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
536                         invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
538         gscd=           [HW,CD]
539                         Format: <io>
541         gt96100eth=     [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
543         gus=            [HW,OSS]
544                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
546         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
548         hashdist=       [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
549                         are distributed across NUMA nodes.  Defaults on
550                         for IA-64, off otherwise.
551                         Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
553         hcl=            [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
555         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
556                         Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
558         hd?=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
559         hd?lun=         See Documentation/ide.txt.
561         highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
562                         size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
563                         highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
564                         size on bigger boxes.
566         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
567                         See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
569         hugepages=      [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
571         noirqbalance    [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
573         i8042.direct    [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
574         i8042.dumbkbd   [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
575                              keyboard and can not control its state
576                              (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
577         i8042.noaux     [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
578         i8042.nokbd     [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
579         i8042.nomux     [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
580                              controller
581         i8042.nopnp     [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
582                              controllers
583         i8042.panicblink=
584                         [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
585                              when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
586         i8042.reset     [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
587         i8042.unlock    [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
589         i810=           [HW,DRM]
591         i8k.ignore_dmi  [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
592                         indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
593                         hardware.
594         i8k.force       [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
595                         does not match list of supported models.
596         i8k.power_status
597                         [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
598                         (disabled by default)
599         i8k.restricted  [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
600                         capability is set.
602         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
603                         See Documentation/mca.txt.
605         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
606                         Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
608         ide=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
609                         Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
610                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
612         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
613                         Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
614                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
616         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
617                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
619         idle=           [HW]
620                         Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
622         ihash_entries=  [KNL]
623                         Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
625         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
626                         See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
628         init=           [KNL]
629                         Format: <full_path>
630                         Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
631                         process.
633         initcall_debug  [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
634                         for working out where the kernel is dying during
635                         startup.
637         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
639         inport.irq=     [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
640                         Format: <irq>
642         combined_mode=  [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
643                         mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
644                         (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
645                         useful as well).  Note that using the ide or libata
646                         options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
647                         changing hdc to sdb).
648                         Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
650         inttest=        [IA64]
652         io7=            [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
653                         See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
654                         arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
656         ip=             [IP_PNP]
657                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
659         ip2=            [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
660                         See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
662         ips=            [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
663                         See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
665         irqfixup        [HW]
666                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
667                         for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
668                         firmware running.
670         irqpoll         [HW]
671                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
672                         for it. Also check all handlers each timer
673                         interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
674                         firmware running.
676         isapnp=         [ISAPNP]
677                         Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
679         isolcpus=       [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
680                         Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
681                         This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
682                         to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
683                         algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
684                         an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
685                         <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
686                         "number of CPUs in system - 1".
688                         This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
689                         alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
690                         tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
691                         suboptimal load balancer performance.
693         isp16=          [HW,CD]
694                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
696         iucv=           [HW,NET]
698         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
699                         See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
701         keepinitrd      [HW,ARM]
703         kstack=N        [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
704                         in oops dumps.
706         l2cr=           [PPC]
708         lapic           [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
709                         disabled it.
711         lasi=           [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
712                         Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
714         llsc*=          [IA64] See function print_params() in
715                         arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
717         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
718                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
720         lockd.nlm_grace_period=P  [NFS] Assign grace period.
721                         Format: <integer>
723         lockd.nlm_tcpport=N     [NFS] Assign TCP port.
724                         Format: <integer>
726         lockd.nlm_timeout=T     [NFS] Assign timeout value.
727                         Format: <integer>
729         lockd.nlm_udpport=M     [NFS] Assign UDP port.
730                         Format: <integer>
732         logibm.irq=     [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
733                         Format: <irq>
735         loglevel=       All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
736                         console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
737                         also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
738                         loglevels are defined as follows:
740                         0 (KERN_EMERG)          system is unusable
741                         1 (KERN_ALERT)          action must be taken immediately
742                         2 (KERN_CRIT)           critical conditions
743                         3 (KERN_ERR)            error conditions
744                         4 (KERN_WARNING)        warning conditions
745                         5 (KERN_NOTICE)         normal but significant condition
746                         6 (KERN_INFO)           informational
747                         7 (KERN_DEBUG)          debug-level messages
749         log_buf_len=n   Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
750                         Format: { n | nk | nM }
751                         n must be a power of two.  The default size
752                         is set in the kernel config file.
754         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
755         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
756         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
757         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
758                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
759                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
760                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
761                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
762                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
763                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
764                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
765                                 port specification list means that device IDs
766                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
767                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
768                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
769                                 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
771         lpj=n           [KNL]
772                         Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
773                         time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
774                         CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
775                         the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
776                         autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
777                         on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
778                         which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
779                         significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
780                         will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
781                         unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
782                         unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
783                         hardware.
785         ltpc=           [NET]
786                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
788         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI] Format:
789                         <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
791         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI] Format:
792                         <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
794         machvec=        [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
795                         (machvec) in a generic kernel.
796                         Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
798         mad16=          [HW,OSS] Format:
799                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
801         maui=           [HW,OSS]
802                         Format: <io>,<irq>
804         max_loop=       [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
805                         be mounted
806                         Format: <1-256>
808         maxcpus=        [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
809                         should make use of
811         max_addr=[KMG]  [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
812                         equal to this physical address is ignored.
814         max_luns=       [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
815                         Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
817         max_report_luns=
818                         [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
819                         Should be between 1 and 16384.
821         mca-pentium     [BUGS=IA-32]
823         mcatest=        [IA-64]
825         mcd=            [HW,CD]
826                         Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
828         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
830         mce             [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
832         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
833                         See Documentation/md.txt.
835         mdacon=         [MDA]
836                         Format: <first>,<last>
837                         Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
839         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
840                         Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
841                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
842                         [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
843                         address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
844                         could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
846         mem=nopentium   [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
847                         memory.
849         memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
850                         E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
851                         Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
852                         BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
853                         option description.
855         memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
856                         [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
857                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
859         memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
860                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
861                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
863         memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
864                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
865                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
867         meye.*=         [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
868                         See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
870         mga=            [HW,DRM]
872         migration_cost=
873                         [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
874                         Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
875                         This debugging option can be used to override the
876                         default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
877                         are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
878                         E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
879                         box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
880                         1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
881                         and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
883                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
884                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
885                         development purposes, not production environments.
887         migration_debug=
888                         [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
889                         Format=<0|1|2>
890                         If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
891                         seems erroneous then this option can be used to
892                         increase verbosity of the detection process.
893                         We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
894                         some more information, and 2 will be really
895                         verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
896                         serial console attached to the system).
898         migration_factor=
899                         [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
900                         Format=<percent>
901                         This debug option can be used to proportionally
902                         increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
903                         costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
904                         E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
905                         costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
906                         eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
907                         migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
908                         by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
909                         migrate tasks)
911                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
912                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
913                         development purposes, not production environments.
915         mousedev.tap_time=
916                         [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
917                         leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
918                         a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
919                         touchpads working in absolute mode only).
920                         Format: <msecs>
921         mousedev.xres=  [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
922                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
923         mousedev.yres=  [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
924                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
926         mpu401=         [HW,OSS]
927                         Format: <io>,<irq>
929         MTD_Partition=  [MTD]
930                         Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
932         MTD_Region=     [MTD] Format:
933                         <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
935         mtdparts=       [MTD]
936                         See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
938         mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
939                         [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
940                         ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
942         n2=             [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
944         NCR_D700=       [HW,SCSI]
945                         See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
947         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
949         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
951         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
953         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
955         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
957         netdev=         [NET] Network devices parameters
958                         Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
959                         Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
960                         something different and driver-specific.
961                         This usage is only documented in each driver source
962                         file if at all.
964         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
965                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
967         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
968                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
970         nfs.callback_tcpport=
971                         [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
972                         channel should listen.
974         nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
975                         [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
976                         entries.
978         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
980         no387           [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
981                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
982                         is present.
984         noalign         [KNL,ARM]
986         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
987                         IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
989         noasync         [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
990                         all devices.
992         nobats          [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
993                         on "Classic" PPC cores.
995         nocache         [ARM]
997         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
999         noexec          [IA-64]
1001         noexec          [IA-32,X86-64]
1002                         noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1003                         noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1005         nofxsr          [BUGS=IA-32]
1007         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
1009         no-hlt          [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1010                         instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1011                         use it.
1013         nohalt          [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1014                         function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1015                         power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1016                         interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1017                         in certain environments such as networked servers or
1018                         real-time systems.
1020         noirqdebug      [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1021                         disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1023         noisapnp        [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1025         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1026                         initial RAM disk.
1028         nointroute      [IA-64]
1030         nolapic         [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1032         noltlbs         [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1033                         lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1035         nomce           [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1037         noresidual      [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1039         noresume        [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1040                         space.
1042         no-scroll       [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1043                         This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1044                         reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1046         nosbagart       [IA-64]
1048         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1050         nosync          [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1052         notsc           [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1054         nousb           [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1056         nowb            [ARM]
1058         nr_uarts=       [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1060         opl3=           [HW,OSS]
1061                         Format: <io>
1063         opl3sa=         [HW,OSS]
1064                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1066         opl3sa2=        [HW,OSS] Format:
1067                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1069         oprofile.timer= [HW]
1070                         Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1072         optcd=          [HW,CD]
1073                         Format: <io>
1075         osst=           [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1076                         Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1077                         See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1079         panic=          [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1080                         Format: <timeout>
1082         parkbd.port=    [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1083                         connected to, default is 0.
1084                         Format: <parport#>
1085         parkbd.mode=    [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1086                         0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1087                         Format: <mode>
1089         parport=        [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1090                         Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1091                         Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1092                         IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1093                         ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1094                         possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1095                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1096                         should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1097                         settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1098                         (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1099                         Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1100                         are specified on the command line, starting
1101                         with parport0.
1103         parport_init_mode=      [HW,PPT]
1104                         Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1105                         a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1106                         computer where firmware has no options for setting
1107                         up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1108                         Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1109                         Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1111         pas2=           [HW,OSS] Format:
1112                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1114         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
1115                         See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1117         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
1119         pcd.            [PARIDE]
1120                         See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1121                         See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1123         pci=option[,option...]  [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1124                 off             [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1125                 bios            [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1126                                 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1127                                 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1128                 nobios          [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1129                                 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1130                                 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1131                                 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1132                 conf1           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1133                                 Mechanism 1.
1134                 conf2           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1135                                 Mechanism 2.
1136                 nommconf        [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1137                                 Configuration
1138                 nosort          [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1139                                 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1140                                 done to get a device order compatible with
1141                                 older kernels.
1142                 biosirq         [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1143                                 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1144                                 on several machines and they hang the machine
1145                                 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1146                                 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1147                                 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1148                                 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1149                                 motherboard.
1150                 rom             [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1151                                 Use with caution as certain devices share
1152                                 address decoders between ROMs and other
1153                                 resources.
1154                 irqmask=0xMMMM  [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1155                                 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1156                                 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1157                                 this way.
1158                 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA        [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1159                                 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1160                                 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1161                                 F0000h-100000h range.
1162                 lastbus=N       [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1163                                 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1164                                 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1165                                 explicitly which ones they are.
1166                 assign-busses   [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1167                                 numbers ourselves, overriding
1168                                 whatever the firmware may have done.
1169                 usepirqmask     [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1170                                 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1171                                 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1172                                 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1173                                 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1174                                 IRQ routing is enabled.
1175                 noacpi          [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1176                                 or for PCI scanning.
1177                 routeirq        Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1178                                 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1179                                 so this option is a temporary workaround
1180                                 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1181                 firmware        [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1182                                 just use the configuration from the
1183                                 bootloader. This is currently used on
1184                                 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1185                                 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1187         pcmv=           [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1189         pd.             [PARIDE]
1190                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1192         pdcchassis=     [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1193                         boot time.
1194                         Format: { 0 | 1 }
1195                         See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1197         pf.             [PARIDE]
1198                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1200         pg.             [PARIDE]
1201                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1203         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1204                         See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1206         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1207                         Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1208                         See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1210         pnpacpi=        [ACPI]
1211                         { off }
1213         pnpbios=        [ISAPNP]
1214                         { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1216         pnp_reserve_irq=
1217                         [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1219         pnp_reserve_dma=
1220                         [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1222         pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1223                         Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1225         pnp_reserve_mem=
1226                         [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1227                         autoconfiguration.
1228                         Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1230         profile=        [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1231                         Format: [schedule,]<number>
1232                         Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1233                         Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1234                                 statistical time based profiling.
1236         processor.max_cstate=   [HW,ACPI]
1237                         Limit processor to maximum C-state
1238                         max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1240         processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1241                         Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1242                         instead using the legacy FADT method
1244         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1245                         before loading.
1246                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1248         psmouse.proto=  [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1249                         probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1250         psmouse.rate=   [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1251                         per second.
1252         psmouse.resetafter=     [HW,MOUSE]
1253                         Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1254                         (0 = never).
1255         psmouse.resolution=
1256                         [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1257         psmouse.smartscroll=
1258                         [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1259                         0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1261         pss=            [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1262                         Format:
1263                         <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1265         pt.             [PARIDE]
1266                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1268         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages
1270         r128=           [HW,DRM]
1272         raid=           [HW,RAID]
1273                         See Documentation/md.txt.
1275         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1276                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1278         ramdisk_blocksize=      [RAM]
1279                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1281         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1282                         New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1283                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1285         rdinit=         [KNL]
1286                         Format: <full_path>
1287                         Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1288                         used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1290         reboot=         [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1291                         Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1292                         See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1294         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1296         resume=         [SWSUSP]
1297                         Specify the partition device for software suspend
1299         rhash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1300                         Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1302         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
1303                         Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1305         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1307         root=           [KNL] Root filesystem
1309         rootdelay=      [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1310                         mount the root filesystem
1312         rootflags=      [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1314         rootfstype=     [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1316         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1318         S               [KNL] Run init in single mode
1320         sa1100ir        [NET]
1321                         See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1323         sb=             [HW,OSS]
1324                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1326         sbni=           [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1328         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1329                         Format: <io>,<type>
1330                         See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1331                         drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1333         sc1200wdt=      [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1334                         Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1336         scsi_debug_*=   [SCSI]
1337                         See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1339         scsi_default_dev_flags=
1340                         [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1341                         Format: <integer>
1343         scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1344                         Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1345                         (flags are integer value)
1347         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
1349         selinux         [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1350                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
1351                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1352                         0 -- disable.
1353                         1 -- enable.
1354                         Default value is set via kernel config option.
1355                         If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1356                         later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1358         serialnumber    [BUGS=IA-32]
1360         sg_def_reserved_size=   [SCSI]
1362         sgalaxy=        [HW,OSS]
1363                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1365         shapers=        [NET]
1366                         Maximal number of shapers.
1368         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
1369                         See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1371         simeth=         [IA-64]
1372         simscsi=
1374         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
1375                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1376                         See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1378         slram=          [HW,MTD]
1380         smart2=         [HW]
1381                         Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1383         snd-ad1816a=    [HW,ALSA]
1385         snd-ad1848=     [HW,ALSA]
1387         snd-ali5451=    [HW,ALSA]
1389         snd-als100=     [HW,ALSA]
1391         snd-als4000=    [HW,ALSA]
1393         snd-azt2320=    [HW,ALSA]
1395         snd-cmi8330=    [HW,ALSA]
1397         snd-cmipci=     [HW,ALSA]
1399         snd-cs4231=     [HW,ALSA]
1401         snd-cs4232=     [HW,ALSA]
1403         snd-cs4236=     [HW,ALSA]
1405         snd-cs4281=     [HW,ALSA]
1407         snd-cs46xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1409         snd-dt019x=     [HW,ALSA]
1411         snd-dummy=      [HW,ALSA]
1413         snd-emu10k1=    [HW,ALSA]
1415         snd-ens1370=    [HW,ALSA]
1417         snd-ens1371=    [HW,ALSA]
1419         snd-es968=      [HW,ALSA]
1421         snd-es1688=     [HW,ALSA]
1423         snd-es18xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1425         snd-es1938=     [HW,ALSA]
1427         snd-es1968=     [HW,ALSA]
1429         snd-fm801=      [HW,ALSA]
1431         snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1433         snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1435         snd-gusmax=     [HW,ALSA]
1437         snd-hdsp=       [HW,ALSA]
1439         snd-ice1712=    [HW,ALSA]
1441         snd-intel8x0=   [HW,ALSA]
1443         snd-interwave=  [HW,ALSA]
1445         snd-interwave-stb=
1446                         [HW,ALSA]
1448         snd-korg1212=   [HW,ALSA]
1450         snd-maestro3=   [HW,ALSA]
1452         snd-mpu401=     [HW,ALSA]
1454         snd-mtpav=      [HW,ALSA]
1456         snd-nm256=      [HW,ALSA]
1458         snd-opl3sa2=    [HW,ALSA]
1460         snd-opti92x-ad1848=
1461                         [HW,ALSA]
1463         snd-opti92x-cs4231=
1464                         [HW,ALSA]
1466         snd-opti93x=    [HW,ALSA]
1468         snd-pmac=       [HW,ALSA]
1470         snd-rme32=      [HW,ALSA]
1472         snd-rme96=      [HW,ALSA]
1474         snd-rme9652=    [HW,ALSA]
1476         snd-sb8=        [HW,ALSA]
1478         snd-sb16=       [HW,ALSA]
1480         snd-sbawe=      [HW,ALSA]
1482         snd-serial=     [HW,ALSA]
1484         snd-sgalaxy=    [HW,ALSA]
1486         snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1488         snd-sun-amd7930=
1489                         [HW,ALSA]
1491         snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1493         snd-trident=    [HW,ALSA]
1495         snd-usb-audio=  [HW,ALSA,USB]
1497         snd-via82xx=    [HW,ALSA]
1499         snd-virmidi=    [HW,ALSA]
1501         snd-wavefront=  [HW,ALSA]
1503         snd-ymfpci=     [HW,ALSA]
1505         sonicvibes=     [HW,OSS]
1506                         Format: <reverb>
1508         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
1509                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1511         sonypi.*=       [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1512                         See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1514         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1515                         See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1517         spia_io_base=   [HW,MTD]
1518         spia_fio_base=
1519         spia_pedr=
1520         spia_peddr=
1522         sscape=         [HW,OSS]
1523                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1525         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1526                         See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1528         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
1529                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1531         sti=            [PARISC,HW]
1532                         Format: <num>
1533                         Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1534                         machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1535                         as the initial boot-console.
1536                         See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1538         sti_font=       [HW]
1539                         See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1541         stifb=          [HW]
1542                         Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1544         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1546         switches=       [HW,M68k]
1548         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
1549                         See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1551         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
1552                         See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1554         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
1556         thash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1557                         Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1559         time            Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1561         tipar.timeout=  [HW,PPT]
1562                         Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1563                         (default 15).
1565         tipar.delay=    [HW,PPT]
1566                         Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1568         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
1569                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1571         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
1572                         See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1573                         drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1575         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
1577         trix=           [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1578                         Format:
1579                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1581         tsdev.xres=     [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1582         tsdev.yres=     [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1584         turbografx.map[2|3]=    [HW,JOY]
1585                         TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1586                         Format:
1587                         <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1588                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1590         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1591                         See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1593         uart401=        [HW,OSS]
1594                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1596         uart6850=       [HW,OSS]
1597                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1599         usbhid.mousepoll=
1600                         [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1602         video=          [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1603                         See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1605         vga=            [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1606                         See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1607                         Documentation/svga.txt.
1608                         Use vga=ask for menu.
1609                         This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1610                         passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1612         vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1613                         size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1614                         minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1615                         decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1616                         mapped kernel RAM.
1618         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
1620         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390]
1622         waveartist=     [HW,OSS]
1623                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1625         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
1626                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1628         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
1629                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1631         wdt=            [WDT] Watchdog
1632                         See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1634         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1635         xd_geo=         See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1637         xirc2ps_cs=     [NET,PCMCIA]
1638                         Format:
1639                         <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1641         norandmaps      Don't use address space randomization
1642                         Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1645 ______________________________________________________________________
1646 Changelog:
1648 2000-06-??      Mr. Unknown
1649         The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1651 2002-11-24      Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1652                 Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1653         Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1654         references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1655         PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1656         reformatting.
1658 2005-10-19      Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
1659         Lots of typos, whitespace, some reformatting.
1661 TODO:
1663         Add documentation for ALSA options.
1664         Add more DRM drivers.