[PATCH] Uninline sys_mmap common code (reduce binary size)
[linux-2.6.22.y-op.git] / Documentation / kernel-parameters.txt
blobfc99075e0af47f0b73a2ae2dfb7d19920c604dea
1 February 2003             Kernel Parameters                     v2.5.59
2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12         modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18         usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description states the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
25         ALSA    ALSA sound support is enabled.
26         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
27         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled.
31         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
32         EDD     BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33         EFI     EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
36         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39         IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40         IP_PNP  IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41         ISAPNP  ISA PnP code is enabled.
42         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44         LP      Printer support is enabled.
45         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
46         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled.
47                         These options have more detailed description inside of
48                         Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
50         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
51         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52         MTD     MTD support is enabled.
53         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
54         NUMA    NUMA support is enabled.
55         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
56         OSS     OSS sound support is enabled.
57         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
58         PARISC  The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
59         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
60         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
61         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
62         PPC     PowerPC architecture is enabled.
63         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
64         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
65         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
66         S390    S390 architecture is enabled.
67         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
68                         A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
69                         Documentation/scsi/.
70         SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
71         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
72         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
73         SPARC   Sparc architecture is enabled.
74         SWSUSP  Software suspend is enabled.
75         TS      Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
76         USB     USB support is enabled.
77         USBHID  USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
78         V4L     Video For Linux support is enabled.
79         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
80         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
81         WDT     Watchdog support is enabled.
82         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
83         X86-64  X86-64 architecture is enabled.
84                         More X86-64 boot options can be found in
85                         Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
87 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
89         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
90         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
91         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
93 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
94 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
95 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
96 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
98 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
99 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
100 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
101 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
102 running once the system is up.
104         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
105                         See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
106                         See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
108         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
109                         Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
110                         force -- enable ACPI if default was off
111                         off -- disable ACPI if default was on
112                         noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
113                         ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
114                         strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
115                                 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
117                         See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
119         acpi_sleep=     [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
120                         Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
121                         See Documentation/power/video.txt
123         acpi_sci=       [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
124                         Format: { level | edge | high | low }
126         acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
127                         ACPI will balance active IRQs
128                         default in APIC mode
130         acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
131                         ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
132                         default in PIC mode
134         acpi_irq_pci=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
135                         use by PCI
136                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
138         acpi_irq_isa=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
139                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
141         acpi_osi=       [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
143         acpi_serialize  [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
145         acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
146                         Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
147                         For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
149         acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
150                         Format: <int>
151                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
152                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
153                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
154                         via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
156         acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
157                         Format: <int>
158                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
159                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
160                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
161                         via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
163         acpi_fake_ecdt  [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
165         acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
166                         Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
167                         override platform specific driver.
168                         See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
170         enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
171                         Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
172                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
173                         (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
174                         The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
176         disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
177                         Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
178                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
180         ad1816=         [HW,OSS]
181                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
182                         See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
184         ad1848=         [HW,OSS]
185                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
187         adlib=          [HW,OSS]
188                         Format: <io>
190         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
191                         See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
193         advwdt=         [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
194                         Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
196         aedsp16=        [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
197                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
198                         See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
200         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
201                         See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
203         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
204                         Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
206         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
207                         See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
209         aic79xx=        [HW,SCSI]
210                         See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
212         amijoy.map=     [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
213                         Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
214                         Format: <a>,<b>
215                         See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
217         analog.map=     [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
218                         Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
219                         connected to one of 16 gameports
220                         Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
222         apc=            [HW,SPARC]
223                         Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
224                         Format: noidle
225                         Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
226                         not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
227                         APC and your system crashes randomly.
229         apic=           [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
230                         Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
231                         Change the amount of debugging information output
232                         when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
234         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management
235                         See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
237         applicom=       [HW]
238                         Format: <mem>,<irq>
240         arcrimi=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
241                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
243         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
245         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
247         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
249         atkbd.extra=    [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
250                         EzKey and similar keyboards
252         atkbd.reset=    [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
254         atkbd.set=      [HW] Select keyboard code set
255                         Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
257         atkbd.scroll=   [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
258                         keyboards
260         atkbd.softraw=  [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
261                         Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
263         atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
264                         Use software keyboard repeat
266         autotest        [IA64]
268         awe=            [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
269                         Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
271         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
272                         Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
274         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
275                         Format: <io>,<mode>
277         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
278                         Format: <io>,<mode>
279                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
281         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
282                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
283                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
284                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
286         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
287                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
288                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
289                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
291         blkmtd_device=  [HW,MTD]
292         blkmtd_erasesz=
293         blkmtd_ro=
294         blkmtd_bs=
295         blkmtd_count=
297         bttv.card=      [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
298         bttv.radio=     Most important insmod options are available as
299                         kernel args too.
300         bttv.pll=       See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
301         bttv.tuner=     and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
303         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
304                         See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
305                         BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
307         c101=           [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
309         cachesize=      [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
310                         Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
311                         size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
312                         to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
313                         possible to determine what the correct size should be.
314                         This option provides an override for these situations.
316         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
317                         Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
318                         See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
320         chandev=        [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
322         checkreqprot    [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
323                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
324                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
325                         0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
326                                 any implied execute protection).
327                         1 -- check protection requested by application.
328                         Default value is set via a kernel config option.
329                         Value can be changed at runtime via
330                                 /selinux/checkreqprot.
332         clock=          [BUGS=IA-32,HW] gettimeofday timesource override.
333                         Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
334                         when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified
335                         timesource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
336                         Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
338         disable_8254_timer
339         enable_8254_timer
340                         [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
341                         over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
342                         kernel tries to set a sensible default.
344         hpet=           [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
345                         Format: disable
347         cm206=          [HW,CD]
348                         Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
350         com20020=       [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
351                         Format:
352                         <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
354         com90io=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
355                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
357         com90xx=        [HW,NET]
358                         ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
359                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
361         condev=         [HW,S390] console device
362         conmode=
364         console=        [KNL] Output console device and options.
366                 tty<n>  Use the virtual console device <n>.
368                 ttyS<n>[,options]
369                         Use the specified serial port.  The options are of
370                         the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
371                         "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
372                         Default is "9600n8".
374                         See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.
376                 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
377                 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
378                         Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
379                         UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
380                         switching to the matching ttyS device later.  The
381                         options are the same as for ttyS, above.
383         cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
384                         Format:
385                         <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
387         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
388                         Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
390         crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
391                         [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
392                         hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
394         cs4232=         [HW,OSS]
395                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
397         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
398                         Format: <dma>
400         cs89x0_media=   [HW,NET]
401                         Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
403         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
405         dasd=           [HW,NET]
406                         See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
408         db9.dev[2|3]=   [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
409                         (one device per port)
410                         Format: <port#>,<type>
411                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
413         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
415         decnet=         [HW,NET]
416                         Format: <area>[,<node>]
417                         See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
419         devfs=          [DEVFS]
420                         See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
422         dhash_entries=  [KNL]
423                         Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
425         digi=           [HW,SERIAL]
426                         IO parameters + enable/disable command.
428         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
429                         See drivers/char/README.epca and
430                         Documentation/digiepca.txt.
432         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
433                         support available.
434                         Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
436         dmasound=       [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
438         dscc4.setup=    [NET]
440         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
442         earlyprintk=    [IA-32,X86-64]
443                         earlyprintk=vga
444                         earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
446                         Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
447                         takes over.
449                         Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
451                         Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
453                         Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
454                         very good.
456                         The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
457                         console.
459         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
461         ec_intr=        [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
462                         Format: <int>
463                         0: polling mode
464                         non-0: interrupt mode (default)
466         eda=            [HW,PS2]
468         edb=            [HW,PS2]
470         edd=            [EDD]
471                         Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
472                         See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
474         eicon=          [HW,ISDN]
475                         Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
477         eisa_irq_edge=  [PARISC,HW]
478                         See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
480         elanfreq=       [IA-32]
481                         See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
482                         arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
484         elevator=       [IOSCHED]
485                         Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
486                         See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
487                         Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
489         elfcorehdr=     [IA-32, X86_64]
490                         Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
491                         image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
492                         pass this option to capture kernel.
493                         See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
495         enforcing       [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
496                         Format: {"0" | "1"}
497                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
498                         0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
499                         1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
500                         Default value is 0.
501                         Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
503         es1370=         [HW,OSS]
504                         Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
505                         See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
507         es1371=         [HW,OSS]
508                         Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
509                         See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
511         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
512                         This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
513                         has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
515         eurwdt=         [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
516                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
518         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
519                         See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
521         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
522                         See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
524         floppy=         [HW]
525                         See Documentation/floppy.txt.
527         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
528                         See Documentation/ftape.txt.
530         gamecon.map[2|3]=
531                         [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
532                         support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
533                         Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
534                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
536         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
538         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
539                         See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
541         gpt             [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
542                         invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
544         gscd=           [HW,CD]
545                         Format: <io>
547         gt96100eth=     [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
549         gus=            [HW,OSS]
550                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
552         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
554         hashdist=       [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
555                         are distributed across NUMA nodes.  Defaults on
556                         for IA-64, off otherwise.
557                         Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
559         hcl=            [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
561         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
562                         Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
564         hd?=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
565         hd?lun=         See Documentation/ide.txt.
567         highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
568                         size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
569                         highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
570                         size on bigger boxes.
572         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
573                         See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
575         hugepages=      [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
577         noirqbalance    [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
579         i8042.direct    [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
580         i8042.dumbkbd   [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
581                              keyboard and can not control its state
582                              (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
583         i8042.noaux     [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
584         i8042.nokbd     [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
585         i8042.nomux     [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
586                              controller
587         i8042.nopnp     [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
588                              controllers
589         i8042.panicblink=
590                         [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
591                              when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
592         i8042.reset     [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
593         i8042.unlock    [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
595         i810=           [HW,DRM]
597         i8k.ignore_dmi  [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
598                         indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
599                         hardware.
600         i8k.force       [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
601                         does not match list of supported models.
602         i8k.power_status
603                         [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
604                         (disabled by default)
605         i8k.restricted  [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
606                         capability is set.
608         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
609                         See Documentation/mca.txt.
611         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
612                         Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
614         ide=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
615                         Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
616                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
618         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
619                         Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
620                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
622         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
623                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
625         idle=           [HW]
626                         Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
628         ihash_entries=  [KNL]
629                         Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
631         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
632                         See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
634         init=           [KNL]
635                         Format: <full_path>
636                         Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
637                         process.
639         initcall_debug  [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
640                         for working out where the kernel is dying during
641                         startup.
643         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
645         inport.irq=     [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
646                         Format: <irq>
648         combined_mode=  [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
649                         mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
650                         (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
651                         useful as well).  Note that using the ide or libata
652                         options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
653                         changing hdc to sdb).
654                         Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
656         inttest=        [IA64]
658         io7=            [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
659                         See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
660                         arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
662         ip=             [IP_PNP]
663                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
665         ip2=            [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
666                         See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
668         ips=            [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
669                         See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
671         irqfixup        [HW]
672                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
673                         for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
674                         firmware running.
676         irqpoll         [HW]
677                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
678                         for it. Also check all handlers each timer
679                         interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
680                         firmware running.
682         isapnp=         [ISAPNP]
683                         Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
685         isolcpus=       [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
686                         Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
687                         This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
688                         to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
689                         algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
690                         an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
691                         <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
692                         "number of CPUs in system - 1".
694                         This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
695                         alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
696                         tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
697                         suboptimal load balancer performance.
699         isp16=          [HW,CD]
700                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
702         iucv=           [HW,NET]
704         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
705                         See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
707         keepinitrd      [HW,ARM]
709         kstack=N        [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
710                         in oops dumps.
712         l2cr=           [PPC]
714         lapic           [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
715                         disabled it.
717         lasi=           [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
718                         Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
720         llsc*=          [IA64] See function print_params() in
721                         arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
723         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
724                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
726         lockd.nlm_grace_period=P  [NFS] Assign grace period.
727                         Format: <integer>
729         lockd.nlm_tcpport=N     [NFS] Assign TCP port.
730                         Format: <integer>
732         lockd.nlm_timeout=T     [NFS] Assign timeout value.
733                         Format: <integer>
735         lockd.nlm_udpport=M     [NFS] Assign UDP port.
736                         Format: <integer>
738         logibm.irq=     [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
739                         Format: <irq>
741         loglevel=       All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
742                         console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
743                         also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
744                         loglevels are defined as follows:
746                         0 (KERN_EMERG)          system is unusable
747                         1 (KERN_ALERT)          action must be taken immediately
748                         2 (KERN_CRIT)           critical conditions
749                         3 (KERN_ERR)            error conditions
750                         4 (KERN_WARNING)        warning conditions
751                         5 (KERN_NOTICE)         normal but significant condition
752                         6 (KERN_INFO)           informational
753                         7 (KERN_DEBUG)          debug-level messages
755         log_buf_len=n   Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
756                         Format: { n | nk | nM }
757                         n must be a power of two.  The default size
758                         is set in the kernel config file.
760         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
761         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
762         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
763         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
764                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
765                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
766                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
767                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
768                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
769                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
770                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
771                                 port specification list means that device IDs
772                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
773                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
774                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
775                                 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
777         lpj=n           [KNL]
778                         Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
779                         time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
780                         CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
781                         the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
782                         autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
783                         on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
784                         which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
785                         significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
786                         will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
787                         unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
788                         unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
789                         hardware.
791         ltpc=           [NET]
792                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
794         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI] Format:
795                         <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
797         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI] Format:
798                         <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
800         machvec=        [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
801                         (machvec) in a generic kernel.
802                         Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
804         mad16=          [HW,OSS] Format:
805                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
807         maui=           [HW,OSS]
808                         Format: <io>,<irq>
810         max_loop=       [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
811                         be mounted
812                         Format: <1-256>
814         maxcpus=        [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
815                         should make use of
817         max_addr=[KMG]  [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
818                         equal to this physical address is ignored.
820         max_luns=       [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
821                         Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
823         max_report_luns=
824                         [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
825                         Should be between 1 and 16384.
827         mca-pentium     [BUGS=IA-32]
829         mcatest=        [IA-64]
831         mcd=            [HW,CD]
832                         Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
834         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
836         mce             [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
838         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
839                         See Documentation/md.txt.
841         mdacon=         [MDA]
842                         Format: <first>,<last>
843                         Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
845         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
846                         Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
847                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
848                         [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
849                         address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
850                         could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
852         mem=nopentium   [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
853                         memory.
855         memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
856                         E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
857                         Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
858                         BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
859                         option description.
861         memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
862                         [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
863                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
865         memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
866                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
867                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
869         memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
870                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
871                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
873         meye.*=         [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
874                         See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
876         mga=            [HW,DRM]
878         migration_cost=
879                         [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
880                         Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
881                         This debugging option can be used to override the
882                         default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
883                         are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
884                         E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
885                         box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
886                         1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
887                         and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
889                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
890                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
891                         development purposes, not production environments.
893         migration_debug=
894                         [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
895                         Format=<0|1|2>
896                         If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
897                         seems erroneous then this option can be used to
898                         increase verbosity of the detection process.
899                         We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
900                         some more information, and 2 will be really
901                         verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
902                         serial console attached to the system).
904         migration_factor=
905                         [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
906                         Format=<percent>
907                         This debug option can be used to proportionally
908                         increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
909                         costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
910                         E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
911                         costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
912                         eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
913                         migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
914                         by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
915                         migrate tasks)
917                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
918                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
919                         development purposes, not production environments.
921         mousedev.tap_time=
922                         [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
923                         leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
924                         a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
925                         touchpads working in absolute mode only).
926                         Format: <msecs>
927         mousedev.xres=  [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
928                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
929         mousedev.yres=  [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
930                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
932         mpu401=         [HW,OSS]
933                         Format: <io>,<irq>
935         MTD_Partition=  [MTD]
936                         Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
938         MTD_Region=     [MTD] Format:
939                         <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
941         mtdparts=       [MTD]
942                         See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
944         mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
945                         [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
946                         ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
948         n2=             [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
950         NCR_D700=       [HW,SCSI]
951                         See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
953         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
955         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
957         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
959         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
961         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
963         netdev=         [NET] Network devices parameters
964                         Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
965                         Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
966                         something different and driver-specific.
967                         This usage is only documented in each driver source
968                         file if at all.
970         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
971                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
973         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
974                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
976         nfs.callback_tcpport=
977                         [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
978                         channel should listen.
980         nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
981                         [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
982                         entries.
984         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
986         no387           [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
987                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
988                         is present.
990         noalign         [KNL,ARM]
992         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
993                         IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
995         noasync         [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
996                         all devices.
998         nobats          [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
999                         on "Classic" PPC cores.
1001         nocache         [ARM]
1003         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1005         noexec          [IA-64]
1007         noexec          [IA-32,X86-64]
1008                         noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1009                         noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1011         nofxsr          [BUGS=IA-32]
1013         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
1015         no-hlt          [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1016                         instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1017                         use it.
1019         nohalt          [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1020                         function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1021                         power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1022                         interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1023                         in certain environments such as networked servers or
1024                         real-time systems.
1026         noirqdebug      [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1027                         disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1029         noisapnp        [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1031         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1032                         initial RAM disk.
1034         nointroute      [IA-64]
1036         nolapic         [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1038         noltlbs         [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1039                         lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1041         nomce           [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1043         nomca           [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1045         noresidual      [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1047         noresume        [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1048                         space.
1050         no-scroll       [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1051                         This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1052                         reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1054         nosbagart       [IA-64]
1056         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1058         nosync          [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1060         notsc           [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1062         nousb           [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1064         nowb            [ARM]
1066         nr_uarts=       [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1068         opl3=           [HW,OSS]
1069                         Format: <io>
1071         opl3sa=         [HW,OSS]
1072                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1074         opl3sa2=        [HW,OSS] Format:
1075                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1077         oprofile.timer= [HW]
1078                         Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1080         optcd=          [HW,CD]
1081                         Format: <io>
1083         osst=           [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1084                         Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1085                         See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1087         panic=          [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1088                         Format: <timeout>
1090         parkbd.port=    [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1091                         connected to, default is 0.
1092                         Format: <parport#>
1093         parkbd.mode=    [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1094                         0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1095                         Format: <mode>
1097         parport=        [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1098                         Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1099                         Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1100                         IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1101                         ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1102                         possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1103                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1104                         should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1105                         settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1106                         (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1107                         Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1108                         are specified on the command line, starting
1109                         with parport0.
1111         parport_init_mode=      [HW,PPT]
1112                         Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1113                         a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1114                         computer where firmware has no options for setting
1115                         up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1116                         Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1117                         Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1119         pas2=           [HW,OSS] Format:
1120                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1122         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
1123                         See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1125         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
1127         pcd.            [PARIDE]
1128                         See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1129                         See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1131         pci=option[,option...]  [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1132                 off             [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1133                 bios            [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1134                                 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1135                                 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1136                 nobios          [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1137                                 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1138                                 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1139                                 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1140                 conf1           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1141                                 Mechanism 1.
1142                 conf2           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1143                                 Mechanism 2.
1144                 nommconf        [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1145                                 Configuration
1146                 nosort          [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1147                                 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1148                                 done to get a device order compatible with
1149                                 older kernels.
1150                 biosirq         [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1151                                 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1152                                 on several machines and they hang the machine
1153                                 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1154                                 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1155                                 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1156                                 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1157                                 motherboard.
1158                 rom             [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1159                                 Use with caution as certain devices share
1160                                 address decoders between ROMs and other
1161                                 resources.
1162                 irqmask=0xMMMM  [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1163                                 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1164                                 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1165                                 this way.
1166                 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA        [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1167                                 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1168                                 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1169                                 F0000h-100000h range.
1170                 lastbus=N       [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1171                                 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1172                                 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1173                                 explicitly which ones they are.
1174                 assign-busses   [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1175                                 numbers ourselves, overriding
1176                                 whatever the firmware may have done.
1177                 usepirqmask     [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1178                                 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1179                                 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1180                                 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1181                                 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1182                                 IRQ routing is enabled.
1183                 noacpi          [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1184                                 or for PCI scanning.
1185                 routeirq        Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1186                                 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1187                                 so this option is a temporary workaround
1188                                 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1189                 firmware        [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1190                                 just use the configuration from the
1191                                 bootloader. This is currently used on
1192                                 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1193                                 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1195         pcmv=           [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1197         pd.             [PARIDE]
1198                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1200         pdcchassis=     [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1201                         boot time.
1202                         Format: { 0 | 1 }
1203                         See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1205         pf.             [PARIDE]
1206                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1208         pg.             [PARIDE]
1209                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1211         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1212                         See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1214         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1215                         Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1216                         See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1218         pnpacpi=        [ACPI]
1219                         { off }
1221         pnpbios=        [ISAPNP]
1222                         { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1224         pnp_reserve_irq=
1225                         [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1227         pnp_reserve_dma=
1228                         [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1230         pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1231                         Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1233         pnp_reserve_mem=
1234                         [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1235                         autoconfiguration.
1236                         Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1238         profile=        [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1239                         Format: [schedule,]<number>
1240                         Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1241                         Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1242                                 statistical time based profiling.
1244         processor.max_cstate=   [HW,ACPI]
1245                         Limit processor to maximum C-state
1246                         max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1248         processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1249                         Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1250                         instead using the legacy FADT method
1252         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1253                         before loading.
1254                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1256         psmouse.proto=  [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1257                         probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1258         psmouse.rate=   [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1259                         per second.
1260         psmouse.resetafter=     [HW,MOUSE]
1261                         Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1262                         (0 = never).
1263         psmouse.resolution=
1264                         [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1265         psmouse.smartscroll=
1266                         [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1267                         0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1269         pss=            [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1270                         Format:
1271                         <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1273         pt.             [PARIDE]
1274                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1276         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages
1278         r128=           [HW,DRM]
1280         raid=           [HW,RAID]
1281                         See Documentation/md.txt.
1283         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1284                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1286         ramdisk_blocksize=      [RAM]
1287                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1289         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1290                         New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1291                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1293         rcu.blimit=     [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1294                         RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1296         rcu.qhimark=    [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1297                         RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1299         rcu.qlowmark=   [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1300                         RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1302         rcu.rsinterval= [KNL,BOOT,SMP] Set the number of additional
1303                         RCU callbacks to queued before forcing reschedule
1304                         on all cpus.
1306         rdinit=         [KNL]
1307                         Format: <full_path>
1308                         Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1309                         used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1311         reboot=         [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1312                         Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1313                         See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1315         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1317         resume=         [SWSUSP]
1318                         Specify the partition device for software suspend
1320         rhash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1321                         Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1323         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
1324                         Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1326         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1328         root=           [KNL] Root filesystem
1330         rootdelay=      [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1331                         mount the root filesystem
1333         rootflags=      [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1335         rootfstype=     [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1337         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1339         S               [KNL] Run init in single mode
1341         sa1100ir        [NET]
1342                         See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1344         sb=             [HW,OSS]
1345                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1347         sbni=           [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1349         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1350                         Format: <io>,<type>
1351                         See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1352                         drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1354         sc1200wdt=      [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1355                         Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1357         scsi_debug_*=   [SCSI]
1358                         See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1360         scsi_default_dev_flags=
1361                         [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1362                         Format: <integer>
1364         scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1365                         Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1366                         (flags are integer value)
1368         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
1370         selinux         [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1371                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
1372                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1373                         0 -- disable.
1374                         1 -- enable.
1375                         Default value is set via kernel config option.
1376                         If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1377                         later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1379         serialnumber    [BUGS=IA-32]
1381         sg_def_reserved_size=   [SCSI]
1383         sgalaxy=        [HW,OSS]
1384                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1386         shapers=        [NET]
1387                         Maximal number of shapers.
1389         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
1390                         See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1392         simeth=         [IA-64]
1393         simscsi=
1395         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
1396                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1397                         See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1399         slram=          [HW,MTD]
1401         smart2=         [HW]
1402                         Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1404         snd-ad1816a=    [HW,ALSA]
1406         snd-ad1848=     [HW,ALSA]
1408         snd-ali5451=    [HW,ALSA]
1410         snd-als100=     [HW,ALSA]
1412         snd-als4000=    [HW,ALSA]
1414         snd-azt2320=    [HW,ALSA]
1416         snd-cmi8330=    [HW,ALSA]
1418         snd-cmipci=     [HW,ALSA]
1420         snd-cs4231=     [HW,ALSA]
1422         snd-cs4232=     [HW,ALSA]
1424         snd-cs4236=     [HW,ALSA]
1426         snd-cs4281=     [HW,ALSA]
1428         snd-cs46xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1430         snd-dt019x=     [HW,ALSA]
1432         snd-dummy=      [HW,ALSA]
1434         snd-emu10k1=    [HW,ALSA]
1436         snd-ens1370=    [HW,ALSA]
1438         snd-ens1371=    [HW,ALSA]
1440         snd-es968=      [HW,ALSA]
1442         snd-es1688=     [HW,ALSA]
1444         snd-es18xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1446         snd-es1938=     [HW,ALSA]
1448         snd-es1968=     [HW,ALSA]
1450         snd-fm801=      [HW,ALSA]
1452         snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1454         snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1456         snd-gusmax=     [HW,ALSA]
1458         snd-hdsp=       [HW,ALSA]
1460         snd-ice1712=    [HW,ALSA]
1462         snd-intel8x0=   [HW,ALSA]
1464         snd-interwave=  [HW,ALSA]
1466         snd-interwave-stb=
1467                         [HW,ALSA]
1469         snd-korg1212=   [HW,ALSA]
1471         snd-maestro3=   [HW,ALSA]
1473         snd-mpu401=     [HW,ALSA]
1475         snd-mtpav=      [HW,ALSA]
1477         snd-nm256=      [HW,ALSA]
1479         snd-opl3sa2=    [HW,ALSA]
1481         snd-opti92x-ad1848=
1482                         [HW,ALSA]
1484         snd-opti92x-cs4231=
1485                         [HW,ALSA]
1487         snd-opti93x=    [HW,ALSA]
1489         snd-pmac=       [HW,ALSA]
1491         snd-rme32=      [HW,ALSA]
1493         snd-rme96=      [HW,ALSA]
1495         snd-rme9652=    [HW,ALSA]
1497         snd-sb8=        [HW,ALSA]
1499         snd-sb16=       [HW,ALSA]
1501         snd-sbawe=      [HW,ALSA]
1503         snd-serial=     [HW,ALSA]
1505         snd-sgalaxy=    [HW,ALSA]
1507         snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1509         snd-sun-amd7930=
1510                         [HW,ALSA]
1512         snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1514         snd-trident=    [HW,ALSA]
1516         snd-usb-audio=  [HW,ALSA,USB]
1518         snd-via82xx=    [HW,ALSA]
1520         snd-virmidi=    [HW,ALSA]
1522         snd-wavefront=  [HW,ALSA]
1524         snd-ymfpci=     [HW,ALSA]
1526         sonicvibes=     [HW,OSS]
1527                         Format: <reverb>
1529         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
1530                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1532         sonypi.*=       [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1533                         See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1535         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1536                         See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1538         spia_io_base=   [HW,MTD]
1539         spia_fio_base=
1540         spia_pedr=
1541         spia_peddr=
1543         sscape=         [HW,OSS]
1544                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1546         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1547                         See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1549         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
1550                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1552         sti=            [PARISC,HW]
1553                         Format: <num>
1554                         Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1555                         machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1556                         as the initial boot-console.
1557                         See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1559         sti_font=       [HW]
1560                         See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1562         stifb=          [HW]
1563                         Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1565         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1567         switches=       [HW,M68k]
1569         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
1570                         See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1572         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
1573                         See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1575         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
1577         thash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1578                         Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1580         time            Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1582         tipar.timeout=  [HW,PPT]
1583                         Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1584                         (default 15).
1586         tipar.delay=    [HW,PPT]
1587                         Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1589         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
1590                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1592         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
1593                         See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1594                         drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1596         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
1598         trix=           [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1599                         Format:
1600                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1602         tsdev.xres=     [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1603         tsdev.yres=     [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1605         turbografx.map[2|3]=    [HW,JOY]
1606                         TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1607                         Format:
1608                         <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1609                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1611         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1612                         See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1614         uart401=        [HW,OSS]
1615                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1617         uart6850=       [HW,OSS]
1618                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1620         usbhid.mousepoll=
1621                         [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1623         video=          [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1624                         See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1626         vga=            [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1627                         See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1628                         Documentation/svga.txt.
1629                         Use vga=ask for menu.
1630                         This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1631                         passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1633         vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1634                         size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1635                         minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1636                         decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1637                         mapped kernel RAM.
1639         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
1641         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390]
1643         waveartist=     [HW,OSS]
1644                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1646         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
1647                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1649         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
1650                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1652         wdt=            [WDT] Watchdog
1653                         See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1655         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1656         xd_geo=         See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1658         xirc2ps_cs=     [NET,PCMCIA]
1659                         Format:
1660                         <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1662         norandmaps      Don't use address space randomization
1663                         Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1666 ______________________________________________________________________
1667 Changelog:
1669 2000-06-??      Mr. Unknown
1670         The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1672 2002-11-24      Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1673                 Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1674         Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1675         references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1676         PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1677         reformatting.
1679 2005-10-19      Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
1680         Lots of typos, whitespace, some reformatting.
1682 TODO:
1684         Add documentation for ALSA options.
1685         Add more DRM drivers.