2 * Kernel-based Virtual Machine driver for Linux
4 * This module enables machines with Intel VT-x extensions to run virtual
5 * machines without emulation or binary translation.
9 * Copyright (C) 2006 Qumranet, Inc.
12 * Yaniv Kamay <yaniv@qumranet.com>
13 * Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
15 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2. See
16 * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
19 #include <linux/types.h>
20 #include <linux/string.h>
23 #include <linux/highmem.h>
24 #include <linux/module.h>
34 static void kvm_mmu_audit(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, const char *msg
);
36 static void kvm_mmu_audit(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, const char *msg
) {}
41 #define pgprintk(x...) do { if (dbg) printk(x); } while (0)
42 #define rmap_printk(x...) do { if (dbg) printk(x); } while (0)
46 #define pgprintk(x...) do { } while (0)
47 #define rmap_printk(x...) do { } while (0)
51 #if defined(MMU_DEBUG) || defined(AUDIT)
57 printk(KERN_WARNING "assertion failed %s:%d: %s\n", \
58 __FILE__, __LINE__, #x); \
61 #define PT64_PT_BITS 9
62 #define PT64_ENT_PER_PAGE (1 << PT64_PT_BITS)
63 #define PT32_PT_BITS 10
64 #define PT32_ENT_PER_PAGE (1 << PT32_PT_BITS)
66 #define PT_WRITABLE_SHIFT 1
68 #define PT_PRESENT_MASK (1ULL << 0)
69 #define PT_WRITABLE_MASK (1ULL << PT_WRITABLE_SHIFT)
70 #define PT_USER_MASK (1ULL << 2)
71 #define PT_PWT_MASK (1ULL << 3)
72 #define PT_PCD_MASK (1ULL << 4)
73 #define PT_ACCESSED_MASK (1ULL << 5)
74 #define PT_DIRTY_MASK (1ULL << 6)
75 #define PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK (1ULL << 7)
76 #define PT_PAT_MASK (1ULL << 7)
77 #define PT_GLOBAL_MASK (1ULL << 8)
78 #define PT64_NX_MASK (1ULL << 63)
80 #define PT_PAT_SHIFT 7
81 #define PT_DIR_PAT_SHIFT 12
82 #define PT_DIR_PAT_MASK (1ULL << PT_DIR_PAT_SHIFT)
84 #define PT32_DIR_PSE36_SIZE 4
85 #define PT32_DIR_PSE36_SHIFT 13
86 #define PT32_DIR_PSE36_MASK (((1ULL << PT32_DIR_PSE36_SIZE) - 1) << PT32_DIR_PSE36_SHIFT)
89 #define PT32_PTE_COPY_MASK \
90 (PT_PRESENT_MASK | PT_ACCESSED_MASK | PT_DIRTY_MASK | PT_GLOBAL_MASK)
92 #define PT64_PTE_COPY_MASK (PT64_NX_MASK | PT32_PTE_COPY_MASK)
94 #define PT_FIRST_AVAIL_BITS_SHIFT 9
95 #define PT64_SECOND_AVAIL_BITS_SHIFT 52
97 #define PT_SHADOW_PS_MARK (1ULL << PT_FIRST_AVAIL_BITS_SHIFT)
98 #define PT_SHADOW_IO_MARK (1ULL << PT_FIRST_AVAIL_BITS_SHIFT)
100 #define PT_SHADOW_WRITABLE_SHIFT (PT_FIRST_AVAIL_BITS_SHIFT + 1)
101 #define PT_SHADOW_WRITABLE_MASK (1ULL << PT_SHADOW_WRITABLE_SHIFT)
103 #define PT_SHADOW_USER_SHIFT (PT_SHADOW_WRITABLE_SHIFT + 1)
104 #define PT_SHADOW_USER_MASK (1ULL << (PT_SHADOW_USER_SHIFT))
106 #define PT_SHADOW_BITS_OFFSET (PT_SHADOW_WRITABLE_SHIFT - PT_WRITABLE_SHIFT)
108 #define VALID_PAGE(x) ((x) != INVALID_PAGE)
110 #define PT64_LEVEL_BITS 9
112 #define PT64_LEVEL_SHIFT(level) \
113 ( PAGE_SHIFT + (level - 1) * PT64_LEVEL_BITS )
115 #define PT64_LEVEL_MASK(level) \
116 (((1ULL << PT64_LEVEL_BITS) - 1) << PT64_LEVEL_SHIFT(level))
118 #define PT64_INDEX(address, level)\
119 (((address) >> PT64_LEVEL_SHIFT(level)) & ((1 << PT64_LEVEL_BITS) - 1))
122 #define PT32_LEVEL_BITS 10
124 #define PT32_LEVEL_SHIFT(level) \
125 ( PAGE_SHIFT + (level - 1) * PT32_LEVEL_BITS )
127 #define PT32_LEVEL_MASK(level) \
128 (((1ULL << PT32_LEVEL_BITS) - 1) << PT32_LEVEL_SHIFT(level))
130 #define PT32_INDEX(address, level)\
131 (((address) >> PT32_LEVEL_SHIFT(level)) & ((1 << PT32_LEVEL_BITS) - 1))
134 #define PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK (((1ULL << 52) - 1) & PAGE_MASK)
135 #define PT64_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK \
136 (PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK & ~((1ULL << (PAGE_SHIFT + PT64_LEVEL_BITS)) - 1))
138 #define PT32_BASE_ADDR_MASK PAGE_MASK
139 #define PT32_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK \
140 (PAGE_MASK & ~((1ULL << (PAGE_SHIFT + PT32_LEVEL_BITS)) - 1))
143 #define PFERR_PRESENT_MASK (1U << 0)
144 #define PFERR_WRITE_MASK (1U << 1)
145 #define PFERR_USER_MASK (1U << 2)
147 #define PT64_ROOT_LEVEL 4
148 #define PT32_ROOT_LEVEL 2
149 #define PT32E_ROOT_LEVEL 3
151 #define PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL 2
152 #define PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL 1
156 struct kvm_rmap_desc
{
157 u64
*shadow_ptes
[RMAP_EXT
];
158 struct kvm_rmap_desc
*more
;
161 static int is_write_protection(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
163 return vcpu
->cr0
& CR0_WP_MASK
;
166 static int is_cpuid_PSE36(void)
171 static int is_present_pte(unsigned long pte
)
173 return pte
& PT_PRESENT_MASK
;
176 static int is_writeble_pte(unsigned long pte
)
178 return pte
& PT_WRITABLE_MASK
;
181 static int is_io_pte(unsigned long pte
)
183 return pte
& PT_SHADOW_IO_MARK
;
186 static int is_rmap_pte(u64 pte
)
188 return (pte
& (PT_WRITABLE_MASK
| PT_PRESENT_MASK
))
189 == (PT_WRITABLE_MASK
| PT_PRESENT_MASK
);
192 static int mmu_topup_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache
*cache
,
193 size_t objsize
, int min
)
197 if (cache
->nobjs
>= min
)
199 while (cache
->nobjs
< ARRAY_SIZE(cache
->objects
)) {
200 obj
= kzalloc(objsize
, GFP_NOWAIT
);
203 cache
->objects
[cache
->nobjs
++] = obj
;
208 static void mmu_free_memory_cache(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache
*mc
)
211 kfree(mc
->objects
[--mc
->nobjs
]);
214 static int mmu_topup_memory_caches(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
218 r
= mmu_topup_memory_cache(&vcpu
->mmu_pte_chain_cache
,
219 sizeof(struct kvm_pte_chain
), 4);
222 r
= mmu_topup_memory_cache(&vcpu
->mmu_rmap_desc_cache
,
223 sizeof(struct kvm_rmap_desc
), 1);
228 static void mmu_free_memory_caches(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
230 mmu_free_memory_cache(&vcpu
->mmu_pte_chain_cache
);
231 mmu_free_memory_cache(&vcpu
->mmu_rmap_desc_cache
);
234 static void *mmu_memory_cache_alloc(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache
*mc
,
240 p
= mc
->objects
[--mc
->nobjs
];
245 static void mmu_memory_cache_free(struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache
*mc
, void *obj
)
247 if (mc
->nobjs
< KVM_NR_MEM_OBJS
)
248 mc
->objects
[mc
->nobjs
++] = obj
;
253 static struct kvm_pte_chain
*mmu_alloc_pte_chain(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
255 return mmu_memory_cache_alloc(&vcpu
->mmu_pte_chain_cache
,
256 sizeof(struct kvm_pte_chain
));
259 static void mmu_free_pte_chain(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
260 struct kvm_pte_chain
*pc
)
262 mmu_memory_cache_free(&vcpu
->mmu_pte_chain_cache
, pc
);
265 static struct kvm_rmap_desc
*mmu_alloc_rmap_desc(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
267 return mmu_memory_cache_alloc(&vcpu
->mmu_rmap_desc_cache
,
268 sizeof(struct kvm_rmap_desc
));
271 static void mmu_free_rmap_desc(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
272 struct kvm_rmap_desc
*rd
)
274 mmu_memory_cache_free(&vcpu
->mmu_rmap_desc_cache
, rd
);
278 * Reverse mapping data structures:
280 * If page->private bit zero is zero, then page->private points to the
281 * shadow page table entry that points to page_address(page).
283 * If page->private bit zero is one, (then page->private & ~1) points
284 * to a struct kvm_rmap_desc containing more mappings.
286 static void rmap_add(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, u64
*spte
)
289 struct kvm_rmap_desc
*desc
;
292 if (!is_rmap_pte(*spte
))
294 page
= pfn_to_page((*spte
& PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
295 if (!page
->private) {
296 rmap_printk("rmap_add: %p %llx 0->1\n", spte
, *spte
);
297 page
->private = (unsigned long)spte
;
298 } else if (!(page
->private & 1)) {
299 rmap_printk("rmap_add: %p %llx 1->many\n", spte
, *spte
);
300 desc
= mmu_alloc_rmap_desc(vcpu
);
301 desc
->shadow_ptes
[0] = (u64
*)page
->private;
302 desc
->shadow_ptes
[1] = spte
;
303 page
->private = (unsigned long)desc
| 1;
305 rmap_printk("rmap_add: %p %llx many->many\n", spte
, *spte
);
306 desc
= (struct kvm_rmap_desc
*)(page
->private & ~1ul);
307 while (desc
->shadow_ptes
[RMAP_EXT
-1] && desc
->more
)
309 if (desc
->shadow_ptes
[RMAP_EXT
-1]) {
310 desc
->more
= mmu_alloc_rmap_desc(vcpu
);
313 for (i
= 0; desc
->shadow_ptes
[i
]; ++i
)
315 desc
->shadow_ptes
[i
] = spte
;
319 static void rmap_desc_remove_entry(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
321 struct kvm_rmap_desc
*desc
,
323 struct kvm_rmap_desc
*prev_desc
)
327 for (j
= RMAP_EXT
- 1; !desc
->shadow_ptes
[j
] && j
> i
; --j
)
329 desc
->shadow_ptes
[i
] = desc
->shadow_ptes
[j
];
330 desc
->shadow_ptes
[j
] = 0;
333 if (!prev_desc
&& !desc
->more
)
334 page
->private = (unsigned long)desc
->shadow_ptes
[0];
337 prev_desc
->more
= desc
->more
;
339 page
->private = (unsigned long)desc
->more
| 1;
340 mmu_free_rmap_desc(vcpu
, desc
);
343 static void rmap_remove(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, u64
*spte
)
346 struct kvm_rmap_desc
*desc
;
347 struct kvm_rmap_desc
*prev_desc
;
350 if (!is_rmap_pte(*spte
))
352 page
= pfn_to_page((*spte
& PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
353 if (!page
->private) {
354 printk(KERN_ERR
"rmap_remove: %p %llx 0->BUG\n", spte
, *spte
);
356 } else if (!(page
->private & 1)) {
357 rmap_printk("rmap_remove: %p %llx 1->0\n", spte
, *spte
);
358 if ((u64
*)page
->private != spte
) {
359 printk(KERN_ERR
"rmap_remove: %p %llx 1->BUG\n",
365 rmap_printk("rmap_remove: %p %llx many->many\n", spte
, *spte
);
366 desc
= (struct kvm_rmap_desc
*)(page
->private & ~1ul);
369 for (i
= 0; i
< RMAP_EXT
&& desc
->shadow_ptes
[i
]; ++i
)
370 if (desc
->shadow_ptes
[i
] == spte
) {
371 rmap_desc_remove_entry(vcpu
, page
,
383 static void rmap_write_protect(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, u64 gfn
)
385 struct kvm
*kvm
= vcpu
->kvm
;
387 struct kvm_memory_slot
*slot
;
388 struct kvm_rmap_desc
*desc
;
391 slot
= gfn_to_memslot(kvm
, gfn
);
393 page
= gfn_to_page(slot
, gfn
);
395 while (page
->private) {
396 if (!(page
->private & 1))
397 spte
= (u64
*)page
->private;
399 desc
= (struct kvm_rmap_desc
*)(page
->private & ~1ul);
400 spte
= desc
->shadow_ptes
[0];
403 BUG_ON((*spte
& PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
) !=
404 page_to_pfn(page
) << PAGE_SHIFT
);
405 BUG_ON(!(*spte
& PT_PRESENT_MASK
));
406 BUG_ON(!(*spte
& PT_WRITABLE_MASK
));
407 rmap_printk("rmap_write_protect: spte %p %llx\n", spte
, *spte
);
408 rmap_remove(vcpu
, spte
);
409 kvm_arch_ops
->tlb_flush(vcpu
);
410 *spte
&= ~(u64
)PT_WRITABLE_MASK
;
414 static int is_empty_shadow_page(hpa_t page_hpa
)
419 for (pos
= __va(page_hpa
), end
= pos
+ PAGE_SIZE
/ sizeof(u64
);
422 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: %p %llx\n", __FUNCTION__
,
429 static void kvm_mmu_free_page(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, hpa_t page_hpa
)
431 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page_head
= page_header(page_hpa
);
433 ASSERT(is_empty_shadow_page(page_hpa
));
434 list_del(&page_head
->link
);
435 page_head
->page_hpa
= page_hpa
;
436 list_add(&page_head
->link
, &vcpu
->free_pages
);
437 ++vcpu
->kvm
->n_free_mmu_pages
;
440 static unsigned kvm_page_table_hashfn(gfn_t gfn
)
445 static struct kvm_mmu_page
*kvm_mmu_alloc_page(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
448 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
450 if (list_empty(&vcpu
->free_pages
))
453 page
= list_entry(vcpu
->free_pages
.next
, struct kvm_mmu_page
, link
);
454 list_del(&page
->link
);
455 list_add(&page
->link
, &vcpu
->kvm
->active_mmu_pages
);
456 ASSERT(is_empty_shadow_page(page
->page_hpa
));
457 page
->slot_bitmap
= 0;
459 page
->multimapped
= 0;
460 page
->parent_pte
= parent_pte
;
461 --vcpu
->kvm
->n_free_mmu_pages
;
465 static void mmu_page_add_parent_pte(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
466 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
, u64
*parent_pte
)
468 struct kvm_pte_chain
*pte_chain
;
469 struct hlist_node
*node
;
474 if (!page
->multimapped
) {
475 u64
*old
= page
->parent_pte
;
478 page
->parent_pte
= parent_pte
;
481 page
->multimapped
= 1;
482 pte_chain
= mmu_alloc_pte_chain(vcpu
);
483 INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&page
->parent_ptes
);
484 hlist_add_head(&pte_chain
->link
, &page
->parent_ptes
);
485 pte_chain
->parent_ptes
[0] = old
;
487 hlist_for_each_entry(pte_chain
, node
, &page
->parent_ptes
, link
) {
488 if (pte_chain
->parent_ptes
[NR_PTE_CHAIN_ENTRIES
-1])
490 for (i
= 0; i
< NR_PTE_CHAIN_ENTRIES
; ++i
)
491 if (!pte_chain
->parent_ptes
[i
]) {
492 pte_chain
->parent_ptes
[i
] = parent_pte
;
496 pte_chain
= mmu_alloc_pte_chain(vcpu
);
498 hlist_add_head(&pte_chain
->link
, &page
->parent_ptes
);
499 pte_chain
->parent_ptes
[0] = parent_pte
;
502 static void mmu_page_remove_parent_pte(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
503 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
,
506 struct kvm_pte_chain
*pte_chain
;
507 struct hlist_node
*node
;
510 if (!page
->multimapped
) {
511 BUG_ON(page
->parent_pte
!= parent_pte
);
512 page
->parent_pte
= NULL
;
515 hlist_for_each_entry(pte_chain
, node
, &page
->parent_ptes
, link
)
516 for (i
= 0; i
< NR_PTE_CHAIN_ENTRIES
; ++i
) {
517 if (!pte_chain
->parent_ptes
[i
])
519 if (pte_chain
->parent_ptes
[i
] != parent_pte
)
521 while (i
+ 1 < NR_PTE_CHAIN_ENTRIES
522 && pte_chain
->parent_ptes
[i
+ 1]) {
523 pte_chain
->parent_ptes
[i
]
524 = pte_chain
->parent_ptes
[i
+ 1];
527 pte_chain
->parent_ptes
[i
] = NULL
;
529 hlist_del(&pte_chain
->link
);
530 mmu_free_pte_chain(vcpu
, pte_chain
);
531 if (hlist_empty(&page
->parent_ptes
)) {
532 page
->multimapped
= 0;
533 page
->parent_pte
= NULL
;
541 static struct kvm_mmu_page
*kvm_mmu_lookup_page(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
545 struct hlist_head
*bucket
;
546 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
547 struct hlist_node
*node
;
549 pgprintk("%s: looking for gfn %lx\n", __FUNCTION__
, gfn
);
550 index
= kvm_page_table_hashfn(gfn
) % KVM_NUM_MMU_PAGES
;
551 bucket
= &vcpu
->kvm
->mmu_page_hash
[index
];
552 hlist_for_each_entry(page
, node
, bucket
, hash_link
)
553 if (page
->gfn
== gfn
&& !page
->role
.metaphysical
) {
554 pgprintk("%s: found role %x\n",
555 __FUNCTION__
, page
->role
.word
);
561 static struct kvm_mmu_page
*kvm_mmu_get_page(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
568 union kvm_mmu_page_role role
;
571 struct hlist_head
*bucket
;
572 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
573 struct hlist_node
*node
;
576 role
.glevels
= vcpu
->mmu
.root_level
;
578 role
.metaphysical
= metaphysical
;
579 if (vcpu
->mmu
.root_level
<= PT32_ROOT_LEVEL
) {
580 quadrant
= gaddr
>> (PAGE_SHIFT
+ (PT64_PT_BITS
* level
));
581 quadrant
&= (1 << ((PT32_PT_BITS
- PT64_PT_BITS
) * level
)) - 1;
582 role
.quadrant
= quadrant
;
584 pgprintk("%s: looking gfn %lx role %x\n", __FUNCTION__
,
586 index
= kvm_page_table_hashfn(gfn
) % KVM_NUM_MMU_PAGES
;
587 bucket
= &vcpu
->kvm
->mmu_page_hash
[index
];
588 hlist_for_each_entry(page
, node
, bucket
, hash_link
)
589 if (page
->gfn
== gfn
&& page
->role
.word
== role
.word
) {
590 mmu_page_add_parent_pte(vcpu
, page
, parent_pte
);
591 pgprintk("%s: found\n", __FUNCTION__
);
594 page
= kvm_mmu_alloc_page(vcpu
, parent_pte
);
597 pgprintk("%s: adding gfn %lx role %x\n", __FUNCTION__
, gfn
, role
.word
);
600 hlist_add_head(&page
->hash_link
, bucket
);
602 rmap_write_protect(vcpu
, gfn
);
606 static void kvm_mmu_page_unlink_children(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
607 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
)
613 pt
= __va(page
->page_hpa
);
615 if (page
->role
.level
== PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL
) {
616 for (i
= 0; i
< PT64_ENT_PER_PAGE
; ++i
) {
617 if (pt
[i
] & PT_PRESENT_MASK
)
618 rmap_remove(vcpu
, &pt
[i
]);
621 kvm_arch_ops
->tlb_flush(vcpu
);
625 for (i
= 0; i
< PT64_ENT_PER_PAGE
; ++i
) {
629 if (!(ent
& PT_PRESENT_MASK
))
631 ent
&= PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
;
632 mmu_page_remove_parent_pte(vcpu
, page_header(ent
), &pt
[i
]);
636 static void kvm_mmu_put_page(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
637 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
,
640 mmu_page_remove_parent_pte(vcpu
, page
, parent_pte
);
643 static void kvm_mmu_zap_page(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
644 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
)
648 while (page
->multimapped
|| page
->parent_pte
) {
649 if (!page
->multimapped
)
650 parent_pte
= page
->parent_pte
;
652 struct kvm_pte_chain
*chain
;
654 chain
= container_of(page
->parent_ptes
.first
,
655 struct kvm_pte_chain
, link
);
656 parent_pte
= chain
->parent_ptes
[0];
659 kvm_mmu_put_page(vcpu
, page
, parent_pte
);
662 kvm_mmu_page_unlink_children(vcpu
, page
);
663 if (!page
->root_count
) {
664 hlist_del(&page
->hash_link
);
665 kvm_mmu_free_page(vcpu
, page
->page_hpa
);
667 list_del(&page
->link
);
668 list_add(&page
->link
, &vcpu
->kvm
->active_mmu_pages
);
672 static int kvm_mmu_unprotect_page(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, gfn_t gfn
)
675 struct hlist_head
*bucket
;
676 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
677 struct hlist_node
*node
, *n
;
680 pgprintk("%s: looking for gfn %lx\n", __FUNCTION__
, gfn
);
682 index
= kvm_page_table_hashfn(gfn
) % KVM_NUM_MMU_PAGES
;
683 bucket
= &vcpu
->kvm
->mmu_page_hash
[index
];
684 hlist_for_each_entry_safe(page
, node
, n
, bucket
, hash_link
)
685 if (page
->gfn
== gfn
&& !page
->role
.metaphysical
) {
686 pgprintk("%s: gfn %lx role %x\n", __FUNCTION__
, gfn
,
688 kvm_mmu_zap_page(vcpu
, page
);
694 static void page_header_update_slot(struct kvm
*kvm
, void *pte
, gpa_t gpa
)
696 int slot
= memslot_id(kvm
, gfn_to_memslot(kvm
, gpa
>> PAGE_SHIFT
));
697 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page_head
= page_header(__pa(pte
));
699 __set_bit(slot
, &page_head
->slot_bitmap
);
702 hpa_t
safe_gpa_to_hpa(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, gpa_t gpa
)
704 hpa_t hpa
= gpa_to_hpa(vcpu
, gpa
);
706 return is_error_hpa(hpa
) ? bad_page_address
| (gpa
& ~PAGE_MASK
): hpa
;
709 hpa_t
gpa_to_hpa(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, gpa_t gpa
)
711 struct kvm_memory_slot
*slot
;
714 ASSERT((gpa
& HPA_ERR_MASK
) == 0);
715 slot
= gfn_to_memslot(vcpu
->kvm
, gpa
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
717 return gpa
| HPA_ERR_MASK
;
718 page
= gfn_to_page(slot
, gpa
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
719 return ((hpa_t
)page_to_pfn(page
) << PAGE_SHIFT
)
720 | (gpa
& (PAGE_SIZE
-1));
723 hpa_t
gva_to_hpa(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, gva_t gva
)
725 gpa_t gpa
= vcpu
->mmu
.gva_to_gpa(vcpu
, gva
);
727 if (gpa
== UNMAPPED_GVA
)
729 return gpa_to_hpa(vcpu
, gpa
);
732 static void nonpaging_new_cr3(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
736 static int nonpaging_map(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, gva_t v
, hpa_t p
)
738 int level
= PT32E_ROOT_LEVEL
;
739 hpa_t table_addr
= vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
;
742 u32 index
= PT64_INDEX(v
, level
);
746 ASSERT(VALID_PAGE(table_addr
));
747 table
= __va(table_addr
);
751 if (is_present_pte(pte
) && is_writeble_pte(pte
))
753 mark_page_dirty(vcpu
->kvm
, v
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
754 page_header_update_slot(vcpu
->kvm
, table
, v
);
755 table
[index
] = p
| PT_PRESENT_MASK
| PT_WRITABLE_MASK
|
757 rmap_add(vcpu
, &table
[index
]);
761 if (table
[index
] == 0) {
762 struct kvm_mmu_page
*new_table
;
765 pseudo_gfn
= (v
& PT64_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK
)
767 new_table
= kvm_mmu_get_page(vcpu
, pseudo_gfn
,
771 pgprintk("nonpaging_map: ENOMEM\n");
775 table
[index
] = new_table
->page_hpa
| PT_PRESENT_MASK
776 | PT_WRITABLE_MASK
| PT_USER_MASK
;
778 table_addr
= table
[index
] & PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
;
782 static void mmu_free_roots(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
785 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
788 if (vcpu
->mmu
.shadow_root_level
== PT64_ROOT_LEVEL
) {
789 hpa_t root
= vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
;
791 ASSERT(VALID_PAGE(root
));
792 page
= page_header(root
);
794 vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
= INVALID_PAGE
;
798 for (i
= 0; i
< 4; ++i
) {
799 hpa_t root
= vcpu
->mmu
.pae_root
[i
];
801 ASSERT(VALID_PAGE(root
));
802 root
&= PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
;
803 page
= page_header(root
);
805 vcpu
->mmu
.pae_root
[i
] = INVALID_PAGE
;
807 vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
= INVALID_PAGE
;
810 static void mmu_alloc_roots(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
814 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
816 root_gfn
= vcpu
->cr3
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
819 if (vcpu
->mmu
.shadow_root_level
== PT64_ROOT_LEVEL
) {
820 hpa_t root
= vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
;
822 ASSERT(!VALID_PAGE(root
));
823 page
= kvm_mmu_get_page(vcpu
, root_gfn
, 0,
824 PT64_ROOT_LEVEL
, 0, NULL
);
825 root
= page
->page_hpa
;
827 vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
= root
;
831 for (i
= 0; i
< 4; ++i
) {
832 hpa_t root
= vcpu
->mmu
.pae_root
[i
];
834 ASSERT(!VALID_PAGE(root
));
835 if (vcpu
->mmu
.root_level
== PT32E_ROOT_LEVEL
)
836 root_gfn
= vcpu
->pdptrs
[i
] >> PAGE_SHIFT
;
837 else if (vcpu
->mmu
.root_level
== 0)
839 page
= kvm_mmu_get_page(vcpu
, root_gfn
, i
<< 30,
840 PT32_ROOT_LEVEL
, !is_paging(vcpu
),
842 root
= page
->page_hpa
;
844 vcpu
->mmu
.pae_root
[i
] = root
| PT_PRESENT_MASK
;
846 vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
= __pa(vcpu
->mmu
.pae_root
);
849 static gpa_t
nonpaging_gva_to_gpa(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, gva_t vaddr
)
854 static int nonpaging_page_fault(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, gva_t gva
,
861 r
= mmu_topup_memory_caches(vcpu
);
866 ASSERT(VALID_PAGE(vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
));
869 paddr
= gpa_to_hpa(vcpu
, addr
& PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
);
871 if (is_error_hpa(paddr
))
874 return nonpaging_map(vcpu
, addr
& PAGE_MASK
, paddr
);
877 static void nonpaging_free(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
879 mmu_free_roots(vcpu
);
882 static int nonpaging_init_context(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
884 struct kvm_mmu
*context
= &vcpu
->mmu
;
886 context
->new_cr3
= nonpaging_new_cr3
;
887 context
->page_fault
= nonpaging_page_fault
;
888 context
->gva_to_gpa
= nonpaging_gva_to_gpa
;
889 context
->free
= nonpaging_free
;
890 context
->root_level
= 0;
891 context
->shadow_root_level
= PT32E_ROOT_LEVEL
;
892 mmu_alloc_roots(vcpu
);
893 ASSERT(VALID_PAGE(context
->root_hpa
));
894 kvm_arch_ops
->set_cr3(vcpu
, context
->root_hpa
);
898 static void kvm_mmu_flush_tlb(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
900 ++kvm_stat
.tlb_flush
;
901 kvm_arch_ops
->tlb_flush(vcpu
);
904 static void paging_new_cr3(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
906 pgprintk("%s: cr3 %lx\n", __FUNCTION__
, vcpu
->cr3
);
907 mmu_free_roots(vcpu
);
908 if (unlikely(vcpu
->kvm
->n_free_mmu_pages
< KVM_MIN_FREE_MMU_PAGES
))
909 kvm_mmu_free_some_pages(vcpu
);
910 mmu_alloc_roots(vcpu
);
911 kvm_mmu_flush_tlb(vcpu
);
912 kvm_arch_ops
->set_cr3(vcpu
, vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
);
915 static void mark_pagetable_nonglobal(void *shadow_pte
)
917 page_header(__pa(shadow_pte
))->global
= 0;
920 static inline void set_pte_common(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
929 *shadow_pte
|= access_bits
<< PT_SHADOW_BITS_OFFSET
;
931 access_bits
&= ~PT_WRITABLE_MASK
;
933 paddr
= gpa_to_hpa(vcpu
, gaddr
& PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
);
935 *shadow_pte
|= access_bits
;
937 if (!(*shadow_pte
& PT_GLOBAL_MASK
))
938 mark_pagetable_nonglobal(shadow_pte
);
940 if (is_error_hpa(paddr
)) {
941 *shadow_pte
|= gaddr
;
942 *shadow_pte
|= PT_SHADOW_IO_MARK
;
943 *shadow_pte
&= ~PT_PRESENT_MASK
;
947 *shadow_pte
|= paddr
;
949 if (access_bits
& PT_WRITABLE_MASK
) {
950 struct kvm_mmu_page
*shadow
;
952 shadow
= kvm_mmu_lookup_page(vcpu
, gfn
);
954 pgprintk("%s: found shadow page for %lx, marking ro\n",
956 access_bits
&= ~PT_WRITABLE_MASK
;
957 if (is_writeble_pte(*shadow_pte
)) {
958 *shadow_pte
&= ~PT_WRITABLE_MASK
;
959 kvm_arch_ops
->tlb_flush(vcpu
);
964 if (access_bits
& PT_WRITABLE_MASK
)
965 mark_page_dirty(vcpu
->kvm
, gaddr
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
967 page_header_update_slot(vcpu
->kvm
, shadow_pte
, gaddr
);
968 rmap_add(vcpu
, shadow_pte
);
971 static void inject_page_fault(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
,
975 kvm_arch_ops
->inject_page_fault(vcpu
, addr
, err_code
);
978 static inline int fix_read_pf(u64
*shadow_ent
)
980 if ((*shadow_ent
& PT_SHADOW_USER_MASK
) &&
981 !(*shadow_ent
& PT_USER_MASK
)) {
983 * If supervisor write protect is disabled, we shadow kernel
984 * pages as user pages so we can trap the write access.
986 *shadow_ent
|= PT_USER_MASK
;
987 *shadow_ent
&= ~PT_WRITABLE_MASK
;
995 static int may_access(u64 pte
, int write
, int user
)
998 if (user
&& !(pte
& PT_USER_MASK
))
1000 if (write
&& !(pte
& PT_WRITABLE_MASK
))
1005 static void paging_free(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1007 nonpaging_free(vcpu
);
1011 #include "paging_tmpl.h"
1015 #include "paging_tmpl.h"
1018 static int paging64_init_context_common(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, int level
)
1020 struct kvm_mmu
*context
= &vcpu
->mmu
;
1022 ASSERT(is_pae(vcpu
));
1023 context
->new_cr3
= paging_new_cr3
;
1024 context
->page_fault
= paging64_page_fault
;
1025 context
->gva_to_gpa
= paging64_gva_to_gpa
;
1026 context
->free
= paging_free
;
1027 context
->root_level
= level
;
1028 context
->shadow_root_level
= level
;
1029 mmu_alloc_roots(vcpu
);
1030 ASSERT(VALID_PAGE(context
->root_hpa
));
1031 kvm_arch_ops
->set_cr3(vcpu
, context
->root_hpa
|
1032 (vcpu
->cr3
& (CR3_PCD_MASK
| CR3_WPT_MASK
)));
1036 static int paging64_init_context(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1038 return paging64_init_context_common(vcpu
, PT64_ROOT_LEVEL
);
1041 static int paging32_init_context(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1043 struct kvm_mmu
*context
= &vcpu
->mmu
;
1045 context
->new_cr3
= paging_new_cr3
;
1046 context
->page_fault
= paging32_page_fault
;
1047 context
->gva_to_gpa
= paging32_gva_to_gpa
;
1048 context
->free
= paging_free
;
1049 context
->root_level
= PT32_ROOT_LEVEL
;
1050 context
->shadow_root_level
= PT32E_ROOT_LEVEL
;
1051 mmu_alloc_roots(vcpu
);
1052 ASSERT(VALID_PAGE(context
->root_hpa
));
1053 kvm_arch_ops
->set_cr3(vcpu
, context
->root_hpa
|
1054 (vcpu
->cr3
& (CR3_PCD_MASK
| CR3_WPT_MASK
)));
1058 static int paging32E_init_context(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1060 return paging64_init_context_common(vcpu
, PT32E_ROOT_LEVEL
);
1063 static int init_kvm_mmu(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1066 ASSERT(!VALID_PAGE(vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
));
1068 if (!is_paging(vcpu
))
1069 return nonpaging_init_context(vcpu
);
1070 else if (is_long_mode(vcpu
))
1071 return paging64_init_context(vcpu
);
1072 else if (is_pae(vcpu
))
1073 return paging32E_init_context(vcpu
);
1075 return paging32_init_context(vcpu
);
1078 static void destroy_kvm_mmu(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1081 if (VALID_PAGE(vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
)) {
1082 vcpu
->mmu
.free(vcpu
);
1083 vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
= INVALID_PAGE
;
1087 int kvm_mmu_reset_context(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1091 destroy_kvm_mmu(vcpu
);
1092 r
= init_kvm_mmu(vcpu
);
1095 r
= mmu_topup_memory_caches(vcpu
);
1100 void kvm_mmu_pre_write(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, gpa_t gpa
, int bytes
)
1102 gfn_t gfn
= gpa
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
1103 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
1104 struct kvm_mmu_page
*child
;
1105 struct hlist_node
*node
, *n
;
1106 struct hlist_head
*bucket
;
1110 unsigned offset
= offset_in_page(gpa
);
1112 unsigned page_offset
;
1113 unsigned misaligned
;
1117 pgprintk("%s: gpa %llx bytes %d\n", __FUNCTION__
, gpa
, bytes
);
1118 if (gfn
== vcpu
->last_pt_write_gfn
) {
1119 ++vcpu
->last_pt_write_count
;
1120 if (vcpu
->last_pt_write_count
>= 3)
1123 vcpu
->last_pt_write_gfn
= gfn
;
1124 vcpu
->last_pt_write_count
= 1;
1126 index
= kvm_page_table_hashfn(gfn
) % KVM_NUM_MMU_PAGES
;
1127 bucket
= &vcpu
->kvm
->mmu_page_hash
[index
];
1128 hlist_for_each_entry_safe(page
, node
, n
, bucket
, hash_link
) {
1129 if (page
->gfn
!= gfn
|| page
->role
.metaphysical
)
1131 pte_size
= page
->role
.glevels
== PT32_ROOT_LEVEL
? 4 : 8;
1132 misaligned
= (offset
^ (offset
+ bytes
- 1)) & ~(pte_size
- 1);
1133 if (misaligned
|| flooded
) {
1135 * Misaligned accesses are too much trouble to fix
1136 * up; also, they usually indicate a page is not used
1139 * If we're seeing too many writes to a page,
1140 * it may no longer be a page table, or we may be
1141 * forking, in which case it is better to unmap the
1144 pgprintk("misaligned: gpa %llx bytes %d role %x\n",
1145 gpa
, bytes
, page
->role
.word
);
1146 kvm_mmu_zap_page(vcpu
, page
);
1149 page_offset
= offset
;
1150 level
= page
->role
.level
;
1151 if (page
->role
.glevels
== PT32_ROOT_LEVEL
) {
1152 page_offset
<<= 1; /* 32->64 */
1153 page_offset
&= ~PAGE_MASK
;
1155 spte
= __va(page
->page_hpa
);
1156 spte
+= page_offset
/ sizeof(*spte
);
1158 if (is_present_pte(pte
)) {
1159 if (level
== PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL
)
1160 rmap_remove(vcpu
, spte
);
1162 child
= page_header(pte
& PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
);
1163 mmu_page_remove_parent_pte(vcpu
, child
, spte
);
1170 void kvm_mmu_post_write(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, gpa_t gpa
, int bytes
)
1174 int kvm_mmu_unprotect_page_virt(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, gva_t gva
)
1176 gpa_t gpa
= vcpu
->mmu
.gva_to_gpa(vcpu
, gva
);
1178 return kvm_mmu_unprotect_page(vcpu
, gpa
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
1181 void kvm_mmu_free_some_pages(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1183 while (vcpu
->kvm
->n_free_mmu_pages
< KVM_REFILL_PAGES
) {
1184 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
1186 page
= container_of(vcpu
->kvm
->active_mmu_pages
.prev
,
1187 struct kvm_mmu_page
, link
);
1188 kvm_mmu_zap_page(vcpu
, page
);
1191 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_mmu_free_some_pages
);
1193 static void free_mmu_pages(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1195 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
1197 while (!list_empty(&vcpu
->kvm
->active_mmu_pages
)) {
1198 page
= container_of(vcpu
->kvm
->active_mmu_pages
.next
,
1199 struct kvm_mmu_page
, link
);
1200 kvm_mmu_zap_page(vcpu
, page
);
1202 while (!list_empty(&vcpu
->free_pages
)) {
1203 page
= list_entry(vcpu
->free_pages
.next
,
1204 struct kvm_mmu_page
, link
);
1205 list_del(&page
->link
);
1206 __free_page(pfn_to_page(page
->page_hpa
>> PAGE_SHIFT
));
1207 page
->page_hpa
= INVALID_PAGE
;
1209 free_page((unsigned long)vcpu
->mmu
.pae_root
);
1212 static int alloc_mmu_pages(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1219 for (i
= 0; i
< KVM_NUM_MMU_PAGES
; i
++) {
1220 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page_header
= &vcpu
->page_header_buf
[i
];
1222 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page_header
->link
);
1223 if ((page
= alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL
)) == NULL
)
1225 page
->private = (unsigned long)page_header
;
1226 page_header
->page_hpa
= (hpa_t
)page_to_pfn(page
) << PAGE_SHIFT
;
1227 memset(__va(page_header
->page_hpa
), 0, PAGE_SIZE
);
1228 list_add(&page_header
->link
, &vcpu
->free_pages
);
1229 ++vcpu
->kvm
->n_free_mmu_pages
;
1233 * When emulating 32-bit mode, cr3 is only 32 bits even on x86_64.
1234 * Therefore we need to allocate shadow page tables in the first
1235 * 4GB of memory, which happens to fit the DMA32 zone.
1237 page
= alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL
| __GFP_DMA32
);
1240 vcpu
->mmu
.pae_root
= page_address(page
);
1241 for (i
= 0; i
< 4; ++i
)
1242 vcpu
->mmu
.pae_root
[i
] = INVALID_PAGE
;
1247 free_mmu_pages(vcpu
);
1251 int kvm_mmu_create(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1254 ASSERT(!VALID_PAGE(vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
));
1255 ASSERT(list_empty(&vcpu
->free_pages
));
1257 return alloc_mmu_pages(vcpu
);
1260 int kvm_mmu_setup(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1263 ASSERT(!VALID_PAGE(vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
));
1264 ASSERT(!list_empty(&vcpu
->free_pages
));
1266 return init_kvm_mmu(vcpu
);
1269 void kvm_mmu_destroy(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1273 destroy_kvm_mmu(vcpu
);
1274 free_mmu_pages(vcpu
);
1275 mmu_free_memory_caches(vcpu
);
1278 void kvm_mmu_slot_remove_write_access(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, int slot
)
1280 struct kvm
*kvm
= vcpu
->kvm
;
1281 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
1283 list_for_each_entry(page
, &kvm
->active_mmu_pages
, link
) {
1287 if (!test_bit(slot
, &page
->slot_bitmap
))
1290 pt
= __va(page
->page_hpa
);
1291 for (i
= 0; i
< PT64_ENT_PER_PAGE
; ++i
)
1293 if (pt
[i
] & PT_WRITABLE_MASK
) {
1294 rmap_remove(vcpu
, &pt
[i
]);
1295 pt
[i
] &= ~PT_WRITABLE_MASK
;
1302 static const char *audit_msg
;
1304 static gva_t
canonicalize(gva_t gva
)
1306 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
1307 gva
= (long long)(gva
<< 16) >> 16;
1312 static void audit_mappings_page(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, u64 page_pte
,
1313 gva_t va
, int level
)
1315 u64
*pt
= __va(page_pte
& PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
);
1317 gva_t va_delta
= 1ul << (PAGE_SHIFT
+ 9 * (level
- 1));
1319 for (i
= 0; i
< PT64_ENT_PER_PAGE
; ++i
, va
+= va_delta
) {
1322 if (!ent
& PT_PRESENT_MASK
)
1325 va
= canonicalize(va
);
1327 audit_mappings_page(vcpu
, ent
, va
, level
- 1);
1329 gpa_t gpa
= vcpu
->mmu
.gva_to_gpa(vcpu
, va
);
1330 hpa_t hpa
= gpa_to_hpa(vcpu
, gpa
);
1332 if ((ent
& PT_PRESENT_MASK
)
1333 && (ent
& PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
) != hpa
)
1334 printk(KERN_ERR
"audit error: (%s) levels %d"
1335 " gva %lx gpa %llx hpa %llx ent %llx\n",
1336 audit_msg
, vcpu
->mmu
.root_level
,
1342 static void audit_mappings(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1346 if (vcpu
->mmu
.root_level
== 4)
1347 audit_mappings_page(vcpu
, vcpu
->mmu
.root_hpa
, 0, 4);
1349 for (i
= 0; i
< 4; ++i
)
1350 if (vcpu
->mmu
.pae_root
[i
] & PT_PRESENT_MASK
)
1351 audit_mappings_page(vcpu
,
1352 vcpu
->mmu
.pae_root
[i
],
1357 static int count_rmaps(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1362 for (i
= 0; i
< KVM_MEMORY_SLOTS
; ++i
) {
1363 struct kvm_memory_slot
*m
= &vcpu
->kvm
->memslots
[i
];
1364 struct kvm_rmap_desc
*d
;
1366 for (j
= 0; j
< m
->npages
; ++j
) {
1367 struct page
*page
= m
->phys_mem
[j
];
1371 if (!(page
->private & 1)) {
1375 d
= (struct kvm_rmap_desc
*)(page
->private & ~1ul);
1377 for (k
= 0; k
< RMAP_EXT
; ++k
)
1378 if (d
->shadow_ptes
[k
])
1389 static int count_writable_mappings(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1392 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
1395 list_for_each_entry(page
, &vcpu
->kvm
->active_mmu_pages
, link
) {
1396 u64
*pt
= __va(page
->page_hpa
);
1398 if (page
->role
.level
!= PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL
)
1401 for (i
= 0; i
< PT64_ENT_PER_PAGE
; ++i
) {
1404 if (!(ent
& PT_PRESENT_MASK
))
1406 if (!(ent
& PT_WRITABLE_MASK
))
1414 static void audit_rmap(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1416 int n_rmap
= count_rmaps(vcpu
);
1417 int n_actual
= count_writable_mappings(vcpu
);
1419 if (n_rmap
!= n_actual
)
1420 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: (%s) rmap %d actual %d\n",
1421 __FUNCTION__
, audit_msg
, n_rmap
, n_actual
);
1424 static void audit_write_protection(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
)
1426 struct kvm_mmu_page
*page
;
1428 list_for_each_entry(page
, &vcpu
->kvm
->active_mmu_pages
, link
) {
1432 if (page
->role
.metaphysical
)
1435 hfn
= gpa_to_hpa(vcpu
, (gpa_t
)page
->gfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
)
1437 pg
= pfn_to_page(hfn
);
1439 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: (%s) shadow page has writable"
1440 " mappings: gfn %lx role %x\n",
1441 __FUNCTION__
, audit_msg
, page
->gfn
,
1446 static void kvm_mmu_audit(struct kvm_vcpu
*vcpu
, const char *msg
)
1453 audit_write_protection(vcpu
);
1454 audit_mappings(vcpu
);