C4/Auth_with_ldap.pm

   1 package C4::Auth_with_ldap;
   2
   3 # Copyright 2000-2002 Katipo Communications
   4 #
   5 # This file is part of Koha.
   6 #
   7 # Koha is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   8 # terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
   9 # Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
  10 # version.
  11 #
  12 # Koha is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
  13 # WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
  14 # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
  15 #
  16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
  17 # with Koha; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
  18 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19
  20 use strict;
  21 #use warnings; FIXME - Bug 2505
  22 use Digest::MD5 qw(md5_base64);
  23
  24 use C4::Debug;
  25 use C4::Context;
  26 use C4::Members qw(AddMember changepassword);
  27 use C4::Members::Attributes;
  28 use C4::Members::AttributeTypes;
  29 use C4::Utils qw( :all );
  30 use List::MoreUtils qw( any );
  31 use Net::LDAP;
  32 use Net::LDAP::Filter;
  33
  34 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS $debug);
  35
  36 BEGIN {
  37         require Exporter;
  38         $VERSION = 3.10;        # set the version for version checking
  39         @ISA    = qw(Exporter);
  40         @EXPORT = qw( checkpw_ldap );
  41 }
  42
  43 # Redefine checkpw_ldap:
  44 # connect to LDAP (named or anonymous)
  45 # ~ retrieves $userid from KOHA_CONF mapping
  46 # ~ then compares $password with userPassword
  47 # ~ then gets the LDAP entry
  48 # ~ and calls the memberadd if necessary
  49
  50 sub ldapserver_error ($) {
  51         return sprintf('No ldapserver "%s" defined in KOHA_CONF: ' . $ENV{KOHA_CONF}, shift);
  52 }
  53
  54 use vars qw($mapping @ldaphosts $base $ldapname $ldappassword);
  55 my $context = C4::Context->new()        or die 'C4::Context->new failed';
  56 my $ldap = C4::Context->config("ldapserver") or die 'No "ldapserver" in server hash from KOHA_CONF: ' . $ENV{KOHA_CONF};
  57 my $prefhost  = $ldap->{hostname}       or die ldapserver_error('hostname');
  58 my $base      = $ldap->{base}           or die ldapserver_error('base');
  59 $ldapname     = $ldap->{user}           ;
  60 $ldappassword = $ldap->{pass}           ;
  61 our %mapping  = %{$ldap->{mapping}}; # FIXME dpavlin -- don't die because of || (); from 6eaf8511c70eb82d797c941ef528f4310a15e9f9
  62 my @mapkeys = keys %mapping;
  63 $debug and print STDERR "Got ", scalar(@mapkeys), " ldap mapkeys (  total  ): ", join ' ', @mapkeys, "\n";
  64 @mapkeys = grep {defined $mapping{$_}->{is}} @mapkeys;
  65 $debug and print STDERR "Got ", scalar(@mapkeys), " ldap mapkeys (populated): ", join ' ', @mapkeys, "\n";
  66
  67 my %config = (
  68         anonymous => ($ldapname and $ldappassword) ? 0 : 1,
  69     replicate => defined($ldap->{replicate}) ? $ldap->{replicate} : 1,  #    add from LDAP to Koha database for new user
  70        update => defined($ldap->{update}   ) ? $ldap->{update}    : 1,  # update from LDAP to Koha database for existing user
  71 );
  72
  73 sub description ($) {
  74         my $result = shift or return undef;
  75         return "LDAP error #" . $result->code
  76                         . ": " . $result->error_name . "\n"
  77                         . "# " . $result->error_text . "\n";
  78 }
  79
  80 sub search_method {
  81     my $db     = shift or return;
  82     my $userid = shift or return;
  83         my $uid_field = $mapping{userid}->{is} or die ldapserver_error("mapping for 'userid'");
  84         my $filter = Net::LDAP::Filter->new("$uid_field=$userid") or die "Failed to create new Net::LDAP::Filter";
  85     my $res = ($config{anonymous}) ? $db->bind : $db->bind($ldapname, password=>$ldappassword);
  86     if ($res->code) {           # connection refused
  87         warn "LDAP bind failed as ldapuser " . ($ldapname || '[ANONYMOUS]') . ": " . description($res);
  88         return 0;
  89     }
  90         my $search = $db->search(
  91                   base => $base,
  92                 filter => $filter,
  93                 # attrs => ['*'],
  94         ) or die "LDAP search failed to return object.";
  95         my $count = $search->count;
  96         if ($search->code > 0) {
  97                 warn sprintf("LDAP Auth rejected : %s gets %d hits\n", $filter->as_string, $count) . description($search);
  98                 return 0;
  99         }
 100         if ($count != 1) {
 101                 warn sprintf("LDAP Auth rejected : %s gets %d hits\n", $filter->as_string, $count);
 102                 return 0;
 103         }
 104     return $search;
 105 }
 106
 107 sub checkpw_ldap {
 108     my ($dbh, $userid, $password) = @_;
 109     my @hosts = split(',', $prefhost);
 110     my $db = Net::LDAP->new(\@hosts);
 111         #$debug and $db->debug(5);
 112     my $userldapentry;
 113         if ( $ldap->{auth_by_bind} ) {
 114         my $principal_name = $ldap->{principal_name};
 115         if ($principal_name and $principal_name =~ /\%/) {
 116             $principal_name = sprintf($principal_name,$userid);
 117         } else {
 118             $principal_name = $userid;
 119         }
 120                 my $res = $db->bind( $principal_name, password => $password );
 121         if ( $res->code ) {
 122             $debug and warn "LDAP bind failed as kohauser $principal_name: ". description($res);
 123             return 0;
 124         }
 125
 126         # FIXME dpavlin -- we really need $userldapentry leater on even if using auth_by_bind!
 127         my $search = search_method($db, $userid) or return 0;   # warnings are in the sub
 128         $userldapentry = $search->shift_entry;
 129
 130         } else {
 131         my $search = search_method($db, $userid) or return 0;   # warnings are in the sub
 132         $userldapentry = $search->shift_entry;
 133                 my $cmpmesg = $db->compare( $userldapentry, attr=>'userpassword', value => $password );
 134                 if ($cmpmesg->code != 6) {
 135                         warn "LDAP Auth rejected : invalid password for user '$userid'. " . description($cmpmesg);
 136                         return 0;
 137                 }
 138         }
 139
 140     # To get here, LDAP has accepted our user's login attempt.
 141     # But we still have work to do.  See perldoc below for detailed breakdown.
 142
 143     my (%borrower);
 144         my ($borrowernumber,$cardnumber,$local_userid,$savedpw) = exists_local($userid);
 145
 146     if (( $borrowernumber and $config{update}   ) or
 147         (!$borrowernumber and $config{replicate})   ) {
 148         %borrower = ldap_entry_2_hash($userldapentry,$userid);
 149         $debug and print STDERR "checkpw_ldap received \%borrower w/ " . keys(%borrower), " keys: ", join(' ', keys %borrower), "\n";
 150     }
 151
 152     if ($borrowernumber) {
 153         if ($config{update}) { # A1, B1
 154             my $c2 = &update_local($local_userid,$password,$borrowernumber,\%borrower) || '';
 155             ($cardnumber eq $c2) or warn "update_local returned cardnumber '$c2' instead of '$cardnumber'";
 156         } else { # C1, D1
 157             # maybe update just the password?
 158                 return(1, $cardnumber); # FIXME dpavlin -- don't destroy ExtendedPatronAttributes
 159         }
 160     } elsif ($config{replicate}) { # A2, C2
 161         $borrowernumber = AddMember(%borrower) or die "AddMember failed";
 162    } else {
 163         return 0;   # B2, D2
 164     }
 165         if (C4::Context->preference('ExtendedPatronAttributes') && $borrowernumber && ($config{update} ||$config{replicate})) {
 166                 my @types = C4::Members::AttributeTypes::GetAttributeTypes();
 167                 my @attributes = grep{my $key=$_; any{$_ eq $key}@types;} keys %borrower;
 168                 my $extended_patron_attributes = map{{code=>$_,value=>$borrower{$_}}}@attributes;
 169                 my $extended_patron_attributes = [] unless $extended_patron_attributes;
 170                 my @errors;
 171                 #Check before add
 172                 for (my $i; $i< scalar(@$extended_patron_attributes)-1;$i++) {
 173                         my $attr=$extended_patron_attributes->[$i];
 174                         unless (C4::Members::Attributes::CheckUniqueness($attr->{code}, $attr->{value}, $borrowernumber)) {
 175                                 unshift @errors, $i;
 176                                 warn "ERROR_extended_unique_id_failed $attr->{code} $attr->{value}";
 177                         }
 178                 }
 179                 #Removing erroneous attributes
 180                 foreach my $index (@errors){
 181                         @$extended_patron_attributes=splice(@$extended_patron_attributes,$index,1);
 182                 }
 183            C4::Members::Attributes::SetBorrowerAttributes($borrowernumber, $extended_patron_attributes);
 184         }
 185 return(1, $cardnumber);
 186 }
 187
 188 # Pass LDAP entry object and local cardnumber (userid).
 189 # Returns borrower hash.
 190 # Edit KOHA_CONF so $memberhash{'xxx'} fits your ldap structure.
 191 # Ensure that mandatory fields are correctly filled!
 192 #
 193 sub ldap_entry_2_hash ($$) {
 194         my $userldapentry = shift;
 195         my %borrower = ( cardnumber => shift );
 196         my %memberhash;
 197         $userldapentry->exists('uid');  # This is bad, but required!  By side-effect, this initializes the attrs hash.
 198         if ($debug) {
 199                 print STDERR "\nkeys(\%\$userldapentry) = " . join(', ', keys %$userldapentry), "\n", $userldapentry->dump();
 200                 foreach (keys %$userldapentry) {
 201                         print STDERR "\n\nLDAP key: $_\t", sprintf('(%s)', ref $userldapentry->{$_}), "\n";
 202                         hashdump("LDAP key: ",$userldapentry->{$_});
 203                 }
 204         }
 205         my $x = $userldapentry->{attrs} or return undef;
 206         foreach (keys %$x) {
 207                 $memberhash{$_} = join ' ', @{$x->{$_}};
 208                 $debug and print STDERR sprintf("building \$memberhash{%s} = ", $_, join(' ', @{$x->{$_}})), "\n";
 209         }
 210         $debug and print STDERR "Finsihed \%memberhash has ", scalar(keys %memberhash), " keys\n",
 211                                         "Referencing \%mapping with ", scalar(keys %mapping), " keys\n";
 212         foreach my $key (keys %mapping) {
 213                 my  $data = $memberhash{$mapping{$key}->{is}};
 214                 $debug and printf STDERR "mapping %20s ==> %-20s (%s)\n", $key, $mapping{$key}->{is}, $data;
 215                 unless (defined $data) {
 216                         $data = $mapping{$key}->{content} || '';        # default or failsafe ''
 217                 }
 218                 $borrower{$key} = ($data ne '') ? $data : ' ' ;
 219         }
 220         $borrower{initials} = $memberhash{initials} ||
 221                 ( substr($borrower{'firstname'},0,1)
 222                 . substr($borrower{ 'surname' },0,1)
 223                 . " ");
 224         return %borrower;
 225 }
 226
 227 sub exists_local($) {
 228         my $arg = shift;
 229         my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
 230         my $select = "SELECT borrowernumber,cardnumber,userid,password FROM borrowers ";
 231
 232         my $sth = $dbh->prepare("$select WHERE userid=?");      # was cardnumber=?
 233         $sth->execute($arg);
 234         $debug and printf STDERR "Userid '$arg' exists_local? %s\n", $sth->rows;
 235         ($sth->rows == 1) and return $sth->fetchrow;
 236
 237         $sth = $dbh->prepare("$select WHERE cardnumber=?");
 238         $sth->execute($arg);
 239         $debug and printf STDERR "Cardnumber '$arg' exists_local? %s\n", $sth->rows;
 240         ($sth->rows == 1) and return $sth->fetchrow;
 241         return 0;
 242 }
 243
 244 sub _do_changepassword {
 245     my ($userid, $borrowerid, $digest) = @_;
 246     $debug and print STDERR "changing local password for borrowernumber=$borrowerid to '$digest'\n";
 247     changepassword($userid, $borrowerid, $digest);
 248
 249         # Confirm changes
 250         my $sth = C4::Context->dbh->prepare("SELECT password,cardnumber FROM borrowers WHERE borrowernumber=? ");
 251         $sth->execute($borrowerid);
 252         if ($sth->rows) {
 253                 my ($md5password, $cardnum) = $sth->fetchrow;
 254         ($digest eq $md5password) and return $cardnum;
 255                 warn "Password mismatch after update to cardnumber=$cardnum (borrowernumber=$borrowerid)";
 256                 return undef;
 257         }
 258         die "Unexpected error after password update to userid/borrowernumber: $userid / $borrowerid.";
 259 }
 260
 261 sub update_local($$$$) {
 262         my   $userid   = shift             or return undef;
 263         my   $digest   = md5_base64(shift) or return undef;
 264         my $borrowerid = shift             or return undef;
 265         my $borrower   = shift             or return undef;
 266         my @keys = keys %$borrower;
 267         my $dbh = C4::Context->dbh;
 268         my $query = "UPDATE  borrowers\nSET     " .
 269                 join(',', map {"$_=?"} @keys) .
 270                 "\nWHERE   borrowernumber=? ";
 271         my $sth = $dbh->prepare($query);
 272         if ($debug) {
 273                 print STDERR $query, "\n",
 274                         join "\n", map {"$_ = '" . $borrower->{$_} . "'"} @keys;
 275                 print STDERR "\nuserid = $userid\n";
 276         }
 277         $sth->execute(
 278                 ((map {$borrower->{$_}} @keys), $borrowerid)
 279         );
 280
 281         # MODIFY PASSWORD/LOGIN
 282         _do_changepassword($userid, $borrowerid, $digest);
 283 }
 284
 285 1;
 286 __END__
 287
 288 =head1 NAME
 289
 290 C4::Auth - Authenticates Koha users
 291
 292 =head1 SYNOPSIS
 293
 294   use C4::Auth_with_ldap;
 295
 296 =head1 LDAP Configuration
 297
 298     This module is specific to LDAP authentification. It requires Net::LDAP package and one or more
 299         working LDAP servers.
 300         To use it :
 301            * Modify ldapserver element in KOHA_CONF
 302            * Establish field mapping in <mapping> element.
 303
 304         For example, if your user records are stored according to the inetOrgPerson schema, RFC#2798,
 305         the username would match the "uid" field, and the password should match the "userpassword" field.
 306
 307         Make sure that ALL required fields are populated by your LDAP database (and mapped in KOHA_CONF).
 308         What are the required fields?  Well, in mysql you can check the database table "borrowers" like this:
 309
 310         mysql> show COLUMNS from borrowers;
 311                 +------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 312                 | Field            | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
 313                 +------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 314                 | borrowernumber   | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
 315                 | cardnumber       | varchar(16)  | YES  | UNI | NULL    |                |
 316                 | surname          | mediumtext   | NO   |     |         |                |
 317                 | firstname        | text         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 318                 | title            | mediumtext   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 319                 | othernames       | mediumtext   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 320                 | initials         | text         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 321                 | streetnumber     | varchar(10)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 322                 | streettype       | varchar(50)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 323                 | address          | mediumtext   | NO   |     |         |                |
 324                 | address2         | text         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 325                 | city             | mediumtext   | NO   |     |         |                |
 326                 | zipcode          | varchar(25)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 327                 | email            | mediumtext   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 328                 | phone            | text         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 329                 | mobile           | varchar(50)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 330                 | fax              | mediumtext   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 331                 | emailpro         | text         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 332                 | phonepro         | text         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 333                 | B_streetnumber   | varchar(10)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 334                 | B_streettype     | varchar(50)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 335                 | B_address        | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 336                 | B_city           | mediumtext   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 337                 | B_zipcode        | varchar(25)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 338                 | B_email          | text         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 339                 | B_phone          | mediumtext   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 340                 | dateofbirth      | date         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 341                 | branchcode       | varchar(10)  | NO   | MUL |         |                |
 342                 | categorycode     | varchar(10)  | NO   | MUL |         |                |
 343                 | dateenrolled     | date         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 344                 | dateexpiry       | date         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 345                 | gonenoaddress    | tinyint(1)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 346                 | lost             | tinyint(1)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 347                 | debarred         | tinyint(1)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 348                 | contactname      | mediumtext   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 349                 | contactfirstname | text         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 350                 | contacttitle     | text         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 351                 | guarantorid      | int(11)      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 352                 | borrowernotes    | mediumtext   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 353                 | relationship     | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 354                 | ethnicity        | varchar(50)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 355                 | ethnotes         | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 356                 | sex              | varchar(1)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 357                 | password         | varchar(30)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 358                 | flags            | int(11)      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 359                 | userid           | varchar(30)  | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |  # UNIQUE in next release.
 360                 | opacnote         | mediumtext   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 361                 | contactnote      | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 362                 | sort1            | varchar(80)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 363                 | sort2            | varchar(80)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 364                 +------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 365                 50 rows in set (0.01 sec)
 366
 367                 Where Null="NO", the field is required.
 368
 369 =head1 KOHA_CONF and field mapping
 370
 371 Example XML stanza for LDAP configuration in KOHA_CONF.
 372
 373  <config>
 374   ...
 375   <useldapserver>1</useldapserver>
 376   <!-- LDAP SERVER (optional) -->
 377   <ldapserver id="ldapserver">
 378     <hostname>localhost</hostname>
 379     <base>dc=metavore,dc=com</base>
 380     <user>cn=Manager,dc=metavore,dc=com</user>             <!-- DN, if not anonymous -->
 381     <pass>metavore</pass>          <!-- password, if not anonymous -->
 382     <replicate>1</replicate>       <!-- add new users from LDAP to Koha database -->
 383     <update>1</update>             <!-- update existing users in Koha database -->
 384     <auth_by_bind>0</auth_by_bind> <!-- set to 1 to authenticate by binding instead of
 385                                         password comparison, e.g., to use Active Directory -->
 386     <principal_name>%s@my_domain.com</principal_name>
 387                                    <!-- optional, for auth_by_bind: a printf format to make userPrincipalName from koha userid -->
 388     <mapping>                  <!-- match koha SQL field names to your LDAP record field names -->
 389       <firstname    is="givenname"      ></firstname>
 390       <surname      is="sn"             ></surname>
 391       <address      is="postaladdress"  ></address>
 392       <city         is="l"              >Athens, OH</city>
 393       <zipcode      is="postalcode"     ></zipcode>
 394       <branchcode   is="branch"         >MAIN</branchcode>
 395       <userid       is="uid"            ></userid>
 396       <password     is="userpassword"   ></password>
 397       <email        is="mail"           ></email>
 398       <categorycode is="employeetype"   >PT</categorycode>
 399       <phone        is="telephonenumber"></phone>
 400     </mapping>
 401   </ldapserver>
 402  </config>
 403
 404 The <mapping> subelements establish the relationship between mysql fields and LDAP attributes. The element name
 405 is the column in mysql, with the "is" characteristic set to the LDAP attribute name.  Optionally, any content
 406 between the element tags is taken as the default value.  In this example, the default categorycode is "PT" (for
 407 patron).
 408
 409 =head1 CONFIGURATION
 410
 411 Once a user has been accepted by the LDAP server, there are several possibilities for how Koha will behave, depending on
 412 your configuration and the presence of a matching Koha user in your local DB:
 413
 414                          LOCAL_USER
 415  OPTION UPDATE REPLICATE  EXISTS?  RESULT
 416    A1      1       1        1      OK : We're updating them anyway.
 417    A2      1       1        0      OK : We're adding them anyway.
 418    B1      1       0        1      OK : We update them.
 419    B2      1       0        0     FAIL: We cannot add new user.
 420    C1      0       1        1      OK : We do nothing.  (maybe should update password?)
 421    C2      0       1        0      OK : We add the new user.
 422    D1      0       0        1      OK : We do nothing.  (maybe should update password?)
 423    D2      0       0        0     FAIL: We cannot add new user.
 424
 425 Note: failure here just means that Koha will fallback to checking the local DB.  That is, a given user could login with
 426 their LDAP password OR their local one.  If this is a problem, then you should enable update and supply a mapping for
 427 password.  Then the local value will be updated at successful LDAP login and the passwords will be synced.
 428
 429 If you choose NOT to update local users, the borrowers table will not be affected at all.
 430 Note that this means that patron passwords may appear to change if LDAP is ever disabled, because
 431 the local table never contained the LDAP values.
 432
 433 =head2 auth_by_bind
 434
 435 Binds as the user instead of retrieving their record.  Recommended if update disabled.
 436
 437 =head2 principal_name
 438
 439 Provides an optional sprintf-style format for manipulating the userid before the bind.
 440 Even though the userPrincipalName is one intended target, any uniquely identifying
 441 attribute that the server allows to be used for binding could be used.
 442
 443 Currently, principal_name only operates when auth_by_bind is enabled.
 444
 445 =head2 Active Directory
 446
 447 The auth_by_bind and principal_name settings are recommended for Active Directory.
 448
 449 Under default Active Directory rules, we cannot determine the distinguishedName attribute from the Koha userid as reliably as
 450 we would typically under openldap.  Instead of:
 451
 452     distinguishedName: CN=barnes.7,DC=my_company,DC=com
 453
 454 We might get:
 455
 456     distinguishedName: CN=Barnes\, Jim,OU=Test Accounts,OU=User Accounts,DC=my_company,DC=com
 457
 458 Matching that would require us to know more info about the account (firstname, surname) and to include punctuation and whitespace
 459 in Koha userids.  But the userPrincipalName should be consistent, something like:
 460
 461     userPrincipalName: barnes.7@my_company.com
 462
 463 Therefore it is often easier to bind to Active Directory with userPrincipalName, effectively the
 464 canonical email address for that user, or what it would be if email were enabled for them.  If Koha userid values
 465 will match the username portion of the userPrincipalName, and the domain suffix is the same for all users, then use principal_name
 466 like this:
 467     <principal_name>%s@core.my_company.com</principal_name>
 468
 469 The user of the previous example, barnes.7, would then attempt to bind as:
 470     barnes.7@core.my_company.com
 471
 472 =head1 SEE ALSO
 473
 474 CGI(3)
 475
 476 Net::LDAP()
 477
 478 XML::Simple()
 479
 480 Digest::MD5(3)
 481
 482 sprintf()
 483
 484 =cut
 485
 486 # For reference, here's an important difference in the data structure we rely on.
 487 # ========================================
 488 # Using attrs instead of {asn}->attributes
 489 # ========================================
 490 #
 491 #       LDAP key: ->{             cn} = ARRAY w/ 3 members.
 492 #       LDAP key: ->{             cn}->{           sss} = sss
 493 #       LDAP key: ->{             cn}->{   Steve Smith} = Steve Smith
 494 #       LDAP key: ->{             cn}->{Steve S. Smith} = Steve S. Smith
 495 #
 496 #       LDAP key: ->{      givenname} = ARRAY w/ 1 members.
 497 #       LDAP key: ->{      givenname}->{Steve} = Steve
 498 #