Fix serious bugs in dump to PCM converter

[jpcrr.git] / manual.lyx

#LyX 1.6.5 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
\lyxformat 345
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\quotes_language english
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\author "" 
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\begin_body

\begin_layout Title
JPC-RR: User's manual
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Licence
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
JPC-RR is licenced under GNU GPL v2.
 See file 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

LICENSE
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Getting started
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Prerequisites
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To get started, you need BIOS image, VGABIOS image and DOS boot floppy and
 JDK for Java 6 standard edition (later versions should they appear should
 also work).
 Note: JRE is not enough.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Note that to play back recorded movies, you need exact same version of BIOS
 image, VGABIOS image and DOS boot floppy as was used when making the movie
 (in addition to exact same versions of other needed media).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
See compile.sh.
 The stuff in streamtools is only needed for recording videos.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Compiling
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
See compile.sh.
 The streamtools stuff is only needed for dumping videos.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Getting started
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
First you need to get and make some important images.
 Obtain BIOS image, VGABIOS image and DOS boot floppy from somewhere and
 do:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
mkdir library
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
java ImageMaker --BIOS library/BIOS <bios image file>
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
java ImageMaker --BIOS library/VGABIOS <vgabios image file>
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
java ImageMaker --floppy1440 library/DOSfloppy <dos floppy name>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This makes loadable images out of what you obtained.
 Most DOS boot floppies are 1440KiB in size (if yours isn't change that
 floppy1440 part).
 You also might want to make some game images:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
java ImageMaker --HDD=128,63,16 library/somegame <game installation directory>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This makes ~128MB HDD image out of installation directory.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Running emulator
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There is premade autoexec script called assemble.bat that has fairly reasonable
 defaults.
 To use it:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
java JPCApplication -library library -autoexec assemble.bat
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

-library library
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 specifies that contents of directory 'library' are to be used as library.
 The script pops up settings for new emulated PC (if you want to load savestate,
 click cancel).
 Select BIOS and VGABIOS for BIOS and VGABIOS image (they should be already
 selected), DOSfloppy for fda (boot device should be set to fda) and game
 image as some HD drive 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bootup tips
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Putting the game as hdd causes boot to be bit faster.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Some BIOS versions have 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

press F12 to select boot device
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 Hit <enter> from emulated keyboard and that prompt will go away in about
 half emulated second (it stays several emulated seconds otherwise).
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
If game doesn't need lots of memory, hitting F5 to skip intialization files
 is fastest.
 If it does need more memory, run config.sys commands but not autoexec.bat.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Some DOS disks have DOSIDLE with them, don't use it as it messes badly with
 emulator.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Making JPC-RR format images from raw images
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Due to various factors, JPC-RR can't use raw image files directly but requires
 its own image format.
 There is tool called ImageMaker that can make JPC-RR images from raw images.
 Each image has format, ID an name.
 Format and name are specified when making image.
 ID is automatically calculated from format and contents.
 Name does not affect the ID but is purely for convience so one doesn't
 have to specify long image IDs manually.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Syntax
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The syntax for ImageMaker when making images is:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
$ java ImageMaker <format> [<options>...] <destination> <source> <name>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
<destination> is file name for JPC-RR format image to write.
 <source> is either name of regular file (raw image file) or name of directory
 tree with files (supported for making floppy or hard disk images only).
 In case of directory tree, the files are layout deterministically to disk,
 so the ID will always be the same for given geometry and type.
 <name> is name to give to disk.
 <format> is one of:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--BIOS BIOS image (note: VGABIOS is also of this type).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--CDROM CD-ROM image.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--HDD=cylinders,sectors,heads Hard disk with specified geometry.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy=tracks,sectors,sides Floppy disk with specified geometry.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy160 160KiB floppy (40 tracks, 8 sectors, Single sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy180 180KiB floppy (40 tracks, 9 sectors, Single sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy320 320KiB floppy (40 tracks, 8 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy360 360KiB floppy (40 tracks, 9 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy410 410KiB floppy (41 tracks, 10 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy420 420KiB floppy (42 tracks, 10 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy720 720KiB floppy (80 tracks, 9 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy800 800KiB floppy (80 tracks, 10 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy820 820KiB floppy (82 tracks, 10 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy830 830KiB floppy (83 tracks, 10 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy880 880KiB floppy (80 tracks, 11 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1040 1040KiB floppy (80 tracks, 13 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1120 1120KiB floppy (80 tracks, 14 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1200 1200KiB floppy (80 tracks, 15 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1440 1440KiB floppy (80 tracks, 18 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1476 1476KiB floppy (82 tracks, 18 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1494 1494KiB floppy (83 tracks, 18 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1600 1600KiB floppy (80 tracks, 20 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1680 1680KiB floppy (80 tracks, 21 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1722 1722KiB floppy (82 tracks, 21 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1743 1743KiB floppy (83 tracks, 21 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1760 1760KiB floppy (80 tracks, 22 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1840 1840KiB floppy (80 tracks, 23 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy1920 1920KiB floppy (80 tracks, 24 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy2880 2880KiB floppy (80 tracks, 36 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy3120 3120KiB floppy (80 tracks, 39 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy3200 3200KiB floppy (80 tracks, 40 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy3520 3520KiB floppy (80 tracks, 44 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--floppy3840 3840KiB floppy (80 tracks, 48 sectors, Double sided).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Notes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
If making image from directory, the names of the files must conform to FAT
 naming restrictions (8+3 character names, no spaces, etc).
 Avoid filenames with non-ASCII characters.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The DOS limit of 112 or 224 files for floppies does not apply to images
 created from directory trees.
 The minimum limit value used is 512.
 If even that isn't enough, the limit is automatically increased to fit
 all the needed directory entries.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Making boot disks from tree does NOT work.
 Even if you got system boot files there, it still won't work.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Only floppy disks and hard drives can be made from directory trees.
 BIOS images and CDROM images require image file.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Avoid floppies with custom geometry (floppy geometry does affect disk ID).
 Disks with over 63 sectors per track don't work with DOS.
 Wheither disks with over 127 tracks per side work with DOS is unknown.
 Also avoid 1024-tracks per side HDDs.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The geometry limits are: 2-1024 tracks per side for HDD, 1-256 tracks per
 side for floppy.
 1-63 sectors per track for HDD, 1-255 sectors per track for floppy.
 1-16 sides for HDD, 1 or 2 sides for floppy.
 This gives size limit of 65280KiB for floppy disks (but note the DOS limit!)
 and 516096KiB for HDDs.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
There are multiple image file contents that represent the same image.
 The one with smallest size is picked when creating image.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Note: Although the IDs are 128 bits long, they are not MD5 hashes.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Other options
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--volumelabel=label Give specified volume label (affects ID).
 Only meaningful when making image out of directory tree.
 Default is no volume label.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
--timestamp=YYYYMMDDHHMMSS Give specified timestamp for files (affects ID).
 Only meaningful when making image out of directory tree.
 The default timestamp is 19900101T000000Z.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Image information
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When invoked as:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
$ java ImageMaker <imagefile>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Variety of information about image is displayed (especially for floppies/HDDs).
 Two important fields are calculated and claimed disk ID.
 They should be the same.
 If they are not, then the image file is corrupt (sadly, imagemaker has
 bugs and bugs that cause it to write corrupt images have been seen).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Advanced: The disk ID algorithm
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The disk ID is calculated as:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Skein-256-128-deprecated(<typecode>|<geometry>|<image>)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Where Skein-256-128-deprecated is Skein hash function with 256-bit internal
 state and 128-bit output using the deprecated rotation constants (as specified
 in Skein hash function reference documentation versions 1.0 and 1.1).
 The <image> is the whole image, including parts not stored in image file.
 The reason for keeping using the deprecated constants are:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Changing the constants would change the IDs, which would invalidate existing
 images
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
This is not about cryptographic security
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The new constants don't improve security that much anyway.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Floppies and HDDs
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Floppies have <typecode> value 0 (single byte) and HDDs have 1 (single byte).
 <geometry> is as follows (this is exactly the same form as it appears in
 image header):
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Byte 0 bits 0-1: Bits 8-9 of track count per side - 1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Byte 0 bits 2-5: Head count - 1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Byte 0 bits 6-7: Reserved, must be 0.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Byte 1: Bits 0-7 of track count per side - 1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Byte 2: Sector count per track - 1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
CD-ROM and BIOS images
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
CD-ROMs have <typecode> value 2 (single byte) and BIOS images have 3 (single
 byte).
 <geometry> is blank.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Advanced: Disk Image format
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The disk image consists of following parts:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Magic
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Disk ID
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Type code
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Disk name length
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Disk name
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
type-specific geometry/size data
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Actual image data
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Magic
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Magic in disk image files is following 5 bytes: 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

IMAGE
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Disk ID
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Disk ID is given as 16 bytes, encoding the 128-bit disk ID.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Type code
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Type code is single byte.
 0 for floppies, 1 for HDDs, 2 for CD-ROMs and 3 for BIOS images.
 Other values are reserved.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Comment length
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Disk comment length is given as two-byte big-endian value.
 New images should have 0 here.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Disk coment
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Ignored.
 Comment field is there for backward compatiblity.
 Comment length gives length of this field in bytes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Type-specific geometry/size data (floppies and HDDs)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Floppies and HDDs have 3-byte geometry data:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Byte 0 bits 0-1: Bits 8-9 of track count per side - 1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Byte 0 bits 2-5: Head count - 1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Byte 0 bits 6-7: Reserved, must be 0.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Byte 1: Bits 0-7 of track count per side - 1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
Byte 2: Sector count per track - 1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Type specific-geometry/size data (CD-ROMs)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
CD-ROMs have 4-byte big-endian sector (512 bytes!) count.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Type specific-geometry/size data (BIOS images)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
BIOS images have 4-byte big-endian byte (not sector or block) count.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Actual image data (floppy/HDD)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Floppy or HDD imagedata consists of following subparts:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Storage method
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Sectors present
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Image data header
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Image data
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Storage method is single byte.
 Sectors present gives number of last nonzero sector + 1 (zero if image
 is all zeroes)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Floppy/HDD storage method 0: Raw storage
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This storage method has empty header.
 Image data is raw dump of first sectors present sectors.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Floppy/HDD storage method 1: Sectormap
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Image data header contains bitfield with just enough bytes to have one bit
 per present sector.
 The order of bits is such that number of bit corresponding to each sector
 in byte is sector number modulo 8 and byte number is floor of sector number
 divided by 8 when sector numbers are counted from zero.
 If bit corresponding to sector is set, then the sector is present in image
 data, otherwise it is absent and assumed to be all-zeroes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Image data contains dumps of all present sectors in order of increasing
 sector number.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Floppy/HDD storage method 2: Extent first sector zero
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Image data is empty as storage-specific data is mangled with image data.
 The image data alternates between blocks encoding zero sectors and blocks
 encoding nonzero sectors.
 The first block encodes zero sectors.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Block encoding zero sectors consist of single 1-4 byte little-endian value
 encoding number of sectors in block - 1.
 Number of bytes is determined by sectors present value.
 It is 1 for 1-256 sectors, 2 for 257-65536, 3 for 65537-16777216 and 4
 for more than 16777216.
 All sectors in block are filled with zeroes and are not stored.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Block encoding nonzero sectors has same block count as zero sector block
 but is followed by the sectors stored raw.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Floppy/HDD storage method 3: Extent first sector nonzero
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Same as storage method 2 but first block is nonzero sector block.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Actual image data (CD-ROMs and BIOS images)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These store image data raw.
 The amount of data is specified by sector/byte count.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Utilities
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
org.jpc.utils.RAWToPNG
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Invoked as:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
$ java org.jpc.utils.RAWToPNG <input> <outputprefix>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Reads RAW video data from <input> (may be named pipe) and dumps PNG frames
 received as '<outputprefix><runningcount>.png'.
 Also saves '<outputprefix>.timing' which contains frame timing data (each
 line consists of time in nanoseconds, space, and filename).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
The actual emulator
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The actual emulator is invoked as:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
$ java JPCApplication <options>...
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The valid options are:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
-library <library> Use the specified directory when searching for images
 (can only be specified once).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
-autoexec <script> Execute contents of specified file as commands when starting
 up.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Command line
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When emulator is started, command line comes up.
 Following commands are known:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
'exit': exit immediately
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
'load <plugin>': Load plugin (no arguments)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
'load <plugin>(<arguments>)': load plugin with arguments.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
'command <command> [<arguments>...]': Invoke command via external command interface.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When one gets command line, its useful to load some plugins.
 See section about plugins.
 Note: Load runner plugin (PCControl/PCRunner and so) last, as some runners
 like to start PC immediately.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
PC settings dialog notes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
CPU divider base frequency before division is 1GHz.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Images can be specified by name or by ID.
 Name is relative to library directory.
 If the image is in subdirectory of image directory, the directory separator
 is is '/' regardless of what the host OS uses.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
CD-ROM and hdc are mutually exclusive
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Modules is comma-seperated list of modules to load.
 To pass arguments to some modules, enclose the arguments in ().
 Same module can be specified twice only if parameters differ.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
FPU emulator is specified by class name.
 If core has built-in FPU emulator, then this should be left blank.
 Without core-builtin FPU emulator, blank value means 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

no fpu
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Setting boot device doesn't work with some BIOS versions.
 Those versions prompt the boot device anyway.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Audio output channels
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
PC can have one or more audio output channels.
 The name of audio output associated with PC speaker is: 'org.jpc.emulator.peripher
al.PCSpeaker-0'.
 Modules that have audio outputs get channel names of form <classname>-<sequenti
al>, where <classname> is name of main module class and sequential is number
 starting from zero.
 Note that same module can have multiple output channels.
 If multiple modules of same class request audio outputs, the <sequential>
 values of subsequent module start where previous left off.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Plugins
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Plugins actually execute the tasks of the emulator.
 They can be loaded using 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

load <plugin>
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or 'load <plugin>(<arguments>)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 from command line.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Different Plugins using the same output (like running PCMonitor and PNGDumper)
 should not conflict because connector output hold locking is desinged to
 handle multiple readers.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If no plugin used requires GUI, then the emulator can be run without having
 GUI available.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
plugin: org.jpc.plugins.PCControl
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
No arguments, requires and uses GUI.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Runs the PC emulator core.
 Has capability to start/stop emulation, breakpoint after certain time or
 start/end of VGA vertical retrace.
 Also can create, savestate and loadstate PC emulation.
 Memory dumping is supported.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
plugin: org.jpc.plugins.PCRunner
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Takes 'movie=<file>' as argument and optionally 'stoptime=<time>' Does not
 require nor use GUI.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Loads PC from savestate and just runs it.
 CTRL+C to quit.
 Also automatically quits once stoptime is reached.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
plugin: org.jpc.plugins.PCMonitor
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
No arguments, requires and uses GUI.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
VGA monitor for emulated PC.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
plugin: org.jpc.plugins.VirtualKeyboard
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
No arguments, requires and uses GUI.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
On-screen keyboard for emulated PC.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
plugin: org.jpc.plugins.PCStartStopTest
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
No arguments, requires and uses GUI.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Small plugin testing remote PC start/stop.
 Also supports sending some common keypresses.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
plugin: org.jpc.plugins.RAWVideoDumper
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Takes 'rawoutput=<file>' as argument.
 Does not require nor use GUI.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Dumps all generated frames to RAW file <file>.
 Rawoutput is required.
 The raw file consists of concatenation of zlib streams.
 The uncompressed stream is concatenation of time skips (FFh FFh FFh FFh),
 each acting as time offset of 2^32-1 nanoseconds and saved frames.
 The saved frame has time offset in nanoseconds (big endian) as first four
 bytes (must be at most 2^32-2, as 2^32-1 is reserved for time skip).
 The next two bytes are big-endian width, next two big-endian height.
 Finally frame has 4 * width * height bytes of data that encodes pixels
 using 4 bytes per pixel, in left-to-right, up-to-down order.
 Byte 0 of each pixel is reserved, byte 1 is the red channel, byte 2 is
 green channel and byte 3 is blue channel.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Dumping to pipe is supported.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
plugin: org.jpc.plugins.RAWAudioDumper
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Takes 'src=<name of audio output channel>', 'file=<output-filename>' and
 'offset=<offset>' as arguments, separated by ','.
 Does not require nor use GUI.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Dumps output from specified audio output channel (src, mandatory) to RAW-format
 file (file, mandatory).
 The resulting file consists of records, 8 bytes each.
 Each record has three fields.
 First 4 byte unsinged little endian timedelta value (in nanoseconds), then
 2 byte unsigned little endian new left channel volume, then 2 byte unsigned
 little endian new right channel volume.
 Optionally 'offset' can be set to positive value (in nanoseconds) to delay
 the audio by.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
plugin: org.jpc.plugins.LuaPlugin
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Takes 'kernel=<name of lua kernel file>', other parameters are passed to
 kernel, requires and uses GUI.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Lua VM for executing scripts.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Some error messages and explanations
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
<filename> is Not a valid image file
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
<filename> is not image file
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
<filename> claims to be floppy with illegal geometry: <x> tracks, <y> sides
 and <z> sectors.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
<filename> claims to be HDD with illegal geometry: <x> tracks, <y> sides
 and <z> sectors.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Can't read disk image sector map.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Can't read disk image extent.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Code expects <filename> to be valid JPC-RR format image, but it isn't JPC-RR
 image at all or its corrupt.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
<filename> is image of unknown type.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
<filename> has unrecognized geometry <x> <y> <z>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Possibly corrupt image, not JPC-RR image, or JPC-RR image from future version
 containing something current version can't comprehend.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Invalid format specifier <something>.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Invalid syntax of --floppy= or --HDD= option.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Invalid format specifier/option <something>.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Invalid option or format specifier was given.
 Check for typos.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
java ImageMaker [<options>...] <format> <destination> <source> <diskname>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Check syntax of command.
 Especially that diskname is present!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The image has <nnn> sectors while it should have <yyy> according to selected
 geometry.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Raw image file length not divisible by 512.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Trying to read sector out of range.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The selected geometry is wrong or raw image is incomplete.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Invalid disk name (Should not happen!).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Invalid geometry to be written.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This is a very likely a bug in program.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
What the heck <filename> is? It's not regular file nor directory.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
That sort of file can't be used as input for image making, or the file just
 doesn't exist.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
BIOS images can only be made out of regular files.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
CD images can only be made out of regular files.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Source image specified is not regular file, but image of that type can't
 be made of anything else.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Can't read raw bios image file.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Can't read sector <nnn> from image.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Reading the raw image file failed for some reason.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Bad library line: "<something>".
 Ignored.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Syntax error in image library.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Removing image <something> a.k.a.
 "<something>" as it no longer exists.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The image file no longer exists so it gets removed from library.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Removing image <something> a.k.a.
 "<something>" due to <some> conflict.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Image library code killed some image from library due to some kind of conflict
 with image being added.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Too much data to fit into given space.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The tree you gave contains takes just too much space to fit into disk of
 this size.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Advanced: Savestate/movie format
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
JRSR archive
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
JRSR archive format packs multiple text archive members to text archive.
 It does not support binary members.
 JRSR archives have first five bytes form the magic.
 It is 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

JRSR
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 followed by LINEFEED character (0x0A, 0x0D, 0x0D 0x0A, 0xC2 0x85).
 There are three kinds of lines after that (lines are terminated by LINEFEED
 character):
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Start member
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Member line
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
End member
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Sequencing rules are as follows: Start member is allowed anywhere.
 Member line is allowed only inside member (member started but not ended).
 End member is only allowed inside member.
 End of file is only allowed outside member.
 Note that those three are all the kinds of lines allowed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Start member
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Start member line is given as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

!BEGIN
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 <SPACE> <membername> <LINEFEED>.
 <SPACE> is SPACE character (only one!, 0x20) and <LINEFEED> is LINEFEED
 chacter.
 Multiple <SPACE>s would mean member with name beginning with <SPACE>.
 The member name is UTF-8 encoded and maximum allowed length is 1024 bytes
 (256-1024 codepoints).
 Starting member inside another implicitly ends the previous member.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Member line:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Member line is given as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

<content><LINEFEED>.
 It gives another line for member contents.
 <content> is passed raw to layers above.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
End member
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
End member line is given as 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

!END
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

<LINEFEED>.
 It ends the current member.
 The following line can only be start member line or file may end.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Four-to-Five encoding
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Binary members are encoded into text by so-called four-to-five encoding.
 This encoding can encode single byte to two, two bytes to three, three
 bytes to four and four bytes to five.
 Four-to-five encoding has five kinds of blocks.
 All SPACE and CHARACTER TABULATION characters are completely ignored, even
 in middle of blocks.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
End stream block
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
End stream block is encoded as '!'.
 It ends the stream instantly.
 There is also implicit end of stream at end of input to decoding.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Other four block types
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Other four block types take the value to be encoded, read it as big-endian
 value.
 Then they write it as base-93 big-endian value.
 Then length specific constants are added to digits of that number to yield
 ASCII values for characters (those are stored in order):
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="6">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
To encode
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1st char.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
2nd char.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
3rd char.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
4th char.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
5th char.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1 byte
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
34
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
34
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
2 bytes
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
37
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
34
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
34
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
3 bytes
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
45
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
34
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
34
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
34
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
4 bytes
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
66
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
34
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
34
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
34
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
34
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Blocks which encode values greater than what is possible for value of that
 length are fatal errors.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
UTF-8 encoding
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
UTF-8 encoding is used to encode lines of Unicode codepoints into bytes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Line component encoing
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Line component encoding sits on top of UTF-8 encoding.
 Line component encoding encodes non-empty 1-D array of non-empty strings
 into line, and thus array of those into member.
 Empty lines or lines that don't contain any components are ignored.
 Line starts with depth value of 0 and must end with depth value of zero.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Components are seperated by component separators.
 Empty components are ignored.
 Following codepoints are separators on depth 0 if not escaped:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Codepoint of '('.
 The depth is read pre-increment.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Codepoint of ')'.
 The depth is read post-decrement.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Codepoints 0x20, and 0x09.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Codepoints 0x1680, 0x180E, 0x2028, 0x205F and 0x3000
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Codepoints 0x2000-0x200A.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The following characters are special:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
'('.
 Increments depth by 1 if not escaped (and appears in component).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
')'.
 Decrements depth by 1 if not escaped (and appears in component).
 Depth going negative is an error.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
'
\backslash
'.
 Next character is interpretted as literal.
 Error if at end of line.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Otherwise, characters are interpretted as literals and appear in components.
 Depth must be zero at end of line.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Header section:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Header section is in archive member "header".
 It uses line component encoding.
 The first component of each line is name of header, and subsequent ones
 are arguments.
 How many parameters are expected is dependent on what header it is:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
PROJECTID header:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Header name: "PROJECTID"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Components: 2
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: <project-id-string>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Mandatory: Yes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives project ID.
 Project ID is generated when PC is assembled and is then preserved in save
 states.
 It is used for computing rerecord counts.
 Emulator treats it as opaque string, the IDs it generates are formed by
 48 random hexadecimal digits.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
SAVESTATEID header:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Header name: "SAVESTATEID"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Components: 2
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: <savestate-id-string>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Mandatory: No
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives save state ID.
 Each save state has its own save state ID.
 Treated as opaque string, but generated as 48 random hexadecimal digits.
 The presence of this header signals whether there is save state to be loaded.
 If this header is present, save state load will be attempted.
 If absent, save state is not to be loaded even if present (and correct
 savestate load would be technically impossible anyway).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The value is used to prevent loading incompatible save states in preserve
 event stream mode and also to find the point in event stream where one
 left off.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
RERECORDS header:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Header name: "RERECORDS"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Components: 2
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: <rerecords>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Mandatory: Yes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives rerecord count.
 PC assembly (except when loading save state) initializes current rerecord
 count to zero.
 Must be non-negative and decimal number using ASCII digit characters.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
On loading save state:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
1) If project ID matches with previous:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
1a) If loaded rerecord count is larger or equal to current rerecord count:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
1a-a) Current rerecord count is loaded rerecord count + 1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
1b) Otherwise
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
1b-a) Current rerecord count increments by 1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
2) Otherwise
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
2a) Current rerecord count is loaded rerecord count + 1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The current rerecord count at time of save is saved to save state.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
AUTHORS header:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Header name: "AUTHORS"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Components: 2 or more
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Arguments: free form
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Mandatory: No
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives authors of run.
 Each argument gives one author.
 May be present multiple times.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
COMMENT header:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Header name: "COMMENT"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Components: 2 or more
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Arguments: free form
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Mandatory: No
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Various kinds of free form data.
 Not parsed further by emulator.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Initialization segment:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If SAVESTATEID header isn't present (not a save state), member "initialization"
 gives PC initialization parameters for assembling the PC.
 It is present anyway even if SAVESTATEID is present (savestate).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Following parameters are used (space separates components):
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"BIOS" <id>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives Image ID of main system BIOS (mandatory)
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"VGABIOS" <id>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives Image ID of VGA BIOS (mandatory).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"HDA" <id>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives Image ID of hda.
 Present only if system has hard disk hda.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"HDB" <id>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives Image ID of hdb.
 Present only if system has hard disk hdb.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"HDC" <id>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives Image ID of hdc.
 Present only if system has hard disk hdc.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"HDD" <id>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives Image ID of hdd.
 Present only if system has hard disk hdd.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"DISK" <num> <id>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives Image ID of disk in slot <num>.
 Slot number must be non-negative.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

DISKNAME
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 <num> <name>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives image name of disk in slot <num>.
 Slot number must be non-negative.
 The slot must be previously declared using 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

DISK
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"FDA" <num>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives Image slot to initially put into floppy drive fda.
 Disk must be of floppy type.
 If none present, no disk is initially put there.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"FDB" <num>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives Image slot to initially put into floppy drive fdb.
 Disk must be of floppy type.
 If none present, no disk is initially put there.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"CDROM" <num>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives Image slot to initially put into CD-ROM drive hdc.
 Not allowed if hard disk hdc is present.
 Disk must be of CD-ROM type.
 If none present no disk is initially put there.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"INITIALTIME" <time>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Number of milliseconds since Unix epoch to system start up time.
 Allowed range:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
0-4102444799999.
 Mandatory.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"CPUDIVIDER" <divider>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Set CPU frequency divider (dividing the 1GHz master clock).
 Allowed range is 1-256.
 Mandatory.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"MEMORYSIZE" <pages>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Number of 4KiB pages of RAM memory.
 Allowed range 256-262144.
 Mandatory.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"BOOT" <device>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Set boot device.
 Valid devices are "FLOPPY" (boot from fda), "HDD" (boot from hda) and "CDROM"
 (boot from CD).
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"LOADMODULEA" <module> <parameters>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Load module <module> with parameters <parameters>.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
"LOADMODULE" <module>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Load module <module> with no parameters
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

FPU
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 <fpu>
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Use class <fpu> as FPU emulator.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Event record format:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Event record is in archive member "events".
 It uses line component encoding.
 Each line gives an event.
 First component of each line gives time stamp.
 These timestamps MUST be in increasing order and all MUST be non-negative.
 Time stamp time unit is exactly 1 nanosecond of emulated time.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The second component of each line is name of class to dispatch to.
 Further components are passed as-is to event handlers.
 "Class" name "SAVESTATE" is special.
 This takes one or two additional components, first of which gives the save
 state ID of save state that occurred there.
 The save state IDs MUST be unique in entire event stream.
 The second argument to savestate (if present) is rerecord count at time
 of saving that savestate (useful for calulating rerecord count of movie
 starting from savestate).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Keyboard keypress/keyrelease event:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dispatch to: org.jpc.emulator.peripheral.Keyboard
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: Fixed: "KEYEDGE"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #2: Key number.
 Valid values are 1-83, 85-95, 129-197 and 199-223
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Send key press or key release.
 Keys work in toggle button manner.
 The event time must be multiple of 66 666, and must not be less than 60
 * 66 666 TUs after last PAUSE event, 20 * 66 666 TUs after last KEYEDGE
 on key >128 and 10 * 66 666 TUs after last KEYEDGE on key <128.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pause event:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dispatch to: org.jpc.emulator.peripheral.Keyboard
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: Fixed: "PAUSE"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Send pause key event.
 The time restrictions are identical to KEYEDGE event.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Joystick button event:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dispatch to: org.jpc.modules.Joystick
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

BUTTONA
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

BUTTONB
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

BUTTONC
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

BUTTOND
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #2: 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

0
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 if released, 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 if pressed
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Send button down/up event.
 No time restrictions.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Joystick axis event:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dispatch to: org.jpc.modules.Joystick
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

AXISA
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

AXISB
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

AXISC
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

AXISD
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #2: Multivibrator unstable state length in ns.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Set amount of time multivibrator remains in unstable state.
 No time restrictions.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Reboot:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dispatch to: org.jpc.emulator.PC$ResetButton
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
No arguments
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Reboots the PC.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Fda disk change:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dispatch to: org.jpc.emulator.PC$DiskChanger
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: Fixed: "FDA"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #2: Number of image slot to put there.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The disk number MUST be -1 or valid disk number.
 -1 MUST NOT be used if there is no disk in floppy drive A.
 This event causes specified disk to be placed to FDA or FDA disk to be
 ejected with no replacement if disk number is -1.
 The specified disk if not -1 must be of floppy type.
 The specified disk if valid must not be in any other drive.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Fdb disk change:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dispatch to: org.jpc.emulator.PC$DiskChanger
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: Fixed: "FDB"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #2: Number of image slot to put there.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The disk number MUST be -1 or valid disk number.
 -1 MUST NOT be used if there is no disk in floppy drive B.
 This event causes specified disk to be placed to FDB or FDB disk to be
 ejected with no replacement if disk number is -1.
 The specified disk if not -1 must be of floppy type.
 The specified disk if valid must not be in any other drive.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Change CDROM:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dispatch to: org.jpc.emulator.PC$DiskChanger
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: Fixed: "CDROM"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #2: Number of image slot to put there.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The disk number MUST be -1 or valid disk number.
 -1 MUST NOT be used if there is no disk in CD-ROM.
 This event causes specified disk to be placed to CD-ROM or CD-ROM disk
 to be ejected with no replacement if disk number is -1.
 The specified disk if not -1 must be of CD-ROM type.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This event has no effect if CD-ROM is locked.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Write protect floppy:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dispatch to: org.jpc.emulator.PC$DiskChanger
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: Fixed: "WRITEPROTECT"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #2: Number of image slot to manipulate 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Write protects specified disk.
 The disk MUST NOT be in any drive and MUST be valid floppy-type disk.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Write unprotect floppy:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dispatch to: org.jpc.emulator.PC$DiskChanger
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #1: Fixed: "WRITEUNPROTECT"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Argument #2: Number of image slot to manipulate 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Disables write protection specified disk.
 The disk MUST NOT be in any drive and MUST be valid floppy-type disk.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Savestates
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Actual savestate format is not documented here.
 It is close to impossible to comprehend without access to emulator source
 anyway.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Advanced: Making class dumpable
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Class is made dumpable by implementing interface org.jpc.emulator.SRDumpable
 and implementing method dumpSRPartial(org.jpc.emulator.SRDumper) and constructor
 <init>(org.jpc.emulator.SRLoader).
 Non-static inner classes can not be dumpable (make them static using tricks
 similar to what javac uses).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If dumped class has dumpable superclass, the first thing dumping function
 needs to do is to call dumper function of superclass and first thing loading
 constructor needs to do is to call loading constructor of superclass.
 If class has no dumpable superclass, dumper doesn't need to do anything
 special, while loader needs to call objectCreated(this) on SRLoader object
 passed as parameter.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Following these fixed parts, dump all members that are part of mutable state
 in emulator core.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Member dumping/loading functions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There is dumping/loading function for following (all functions dumping/loading
 reference types can handle null):
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
boolean: SRDumper.dumpBoolean, SRLoader.loadBoolean
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
byte: SRDumper.dumpByte, SRLoader.loadByte
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
short: SRDumper.dumpShort, SRLoader.loadShort
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
int: SRDumper.dumpInt, SRLoader.loadInt
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
long: SRDumper.dumpLong, SRLoader.loadLong
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
String: SRDumper.dumpString, SRLoader.loadString
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
boolean[]: SRDumper.dumpArray, SRLoader.loadArrayBoolean
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
byte[]: SRDumper.dumpArray, SRLoader.loadArrayByte
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
short[]: SRDumper.dumpArray, SRLoader.loadArrayShort
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
int[]: SRDumper.dumpArray, SRLoader.loadArrayInt
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
long[]: SRDumper.dumpArray, SRLoader.loadArrayLong
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
double[]: SRDumper.dumpArray, SRLoader.loadArrayDouble
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
<dumpable type>: SRDumper.dumpObject, SRLoader.loadObject
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
special object: SRDumper.specialObject, SRLoader.specialObject
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Notes:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Dumpable objects come out as type of org.jpc.emulator.SRDumpable.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Special objects are various static objects that don't need to be stored
 because they don't have mutable fields.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Don't dump fields related to event state feedback.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Don't dump temporary flags that are only used while PC is running.
 Savestate when PC is running isn't possible anyway.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Some connectors dump fields related to connector output, some don't.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Advanced: Making output connectors
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Implementing interface org.jpc.emulator.DisplayController signals that this
 is display controller, inhibiting loading of the standard VGA display controlle
r if loaded as module.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Interface org.jpc.emulator.OutputConnector
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Class is made to be output connector by implementing this interface.
 This interface specifies the methods used for output hold locking.
 Class org.jpc.emulator.OutputConnectorLocking has implementations of these
 that are suitable for calling.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method subscribeOutput(Object)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Subscribes the output, with specified object as handle.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method unsubscribeOutput(Object)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Unsubscribe the specified handle object from output.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method waitOutput(Object)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Wait for output on specified connector using specified handle object.
 Returns true on success, false if wait was interrupted by thread interrupt.
 Blocking.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method releaseOutput(Object)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Release connector from p.o.v.
 of given handle.
 Does not block.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method holdOutput()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Release threads waiting on waitOutput() and block until all subscribers
 have returned from waitOutput() and enteired releaseOutput().
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method releaseOutputWaitAll(object)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Like releaseOutput(), but waits until all handles have released their output.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Class org.jpc.emulator.VGADigtalOut
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Class org.jpc.emulator.VGADigtalOut (already implements OutputConnector) implements
 VGA output connector.
 If module provodes output connector, it needs to implement org.jpc.emulator.Displa
yController.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method getWidth()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Get width of display (watch out, can return 0).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method getHeight()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Get height of display (watch out, can return 0).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Methods getDirtyXMin(), getDirtyXMax(), getDirtyYMin(), getDirtyYMax()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Returns the dirty region (region modified since last output).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method getBuffer()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Get buffer of ints, at least width * height elements (left-to-right, top-down,
 one value per pixel) giving pixel data.
 Value for each pixel is 65536 * <red-component> + 256 * <green-component>
 + <blue-component>.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method resizeDisplay(int _width, int _height)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Resize the display to be of specified size.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method dirtyDisplayRegion(int x, int y, int w, int h)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Mark the specified region as dirty.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method resetDirtyRegion()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Resets the dirty region to be empty.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Class org.jpc.emulator.PC method getVideoOutput()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Get VGA output connector for PC.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Interface org.jpc.emulator.DisplayController.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Implementing this class signals that module is VGA controller.
 There can be only one such module active at time and presence of such module
 prevents loading builtin VGA controller emulation code.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method getOutputDevice()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Get VGA output connector for this VGA device.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Class org.jpc.emulator.SoundDigitalOut
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Class org.jpc.emulator.SoundDigitalOut provodes output connector for sound.
 Each connector can transfer stereo signal at arbitiary sampling rate.
 Modules that have audio connectors need to implement interface org.jpc.emulator.So
undOutputDevice, as this signals that output connectors should be created.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method addSample(long, short, short)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Add stereo sample at time given by first argument.
 The second and third arguments give volume on left and right channels.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method addSample(long, short)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Add mono sample at time given by first argument.
 The second argument give volume on both channels.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method readBlock(Block)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Reads block of output (atomic versus addSample).
 Block structure has following fields which are filled:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
timeBase: Time base for block.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
baseLeft: Left volume at time base.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
baseRight: Right volume at time base
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
blockNo: Sequence number of block filled.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
samples: Number of samples in block
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
sampleTiming: Number of nanoseconds since last sample
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
sampleLeft: Left channel samples
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
sampleRight: Right channel samples
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Interface org.jpc.emulator.SoundOutputDevice
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Implementing this interface signals that module has audio output channels.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method org.jpc.emulator.SoundOutputDevice.requestedSoundChannels()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Return the number of sound channels module has.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method org.jpc.emulator.SoundOutputDevice.soundChannelCallback(SoundDigitalOut)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This is called once per sound channel requested giving precreated sound
 channel.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Class org.jpc.emulator.PC method getSoundOut(String)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Get sound output with specified name.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Advanced: Writing event targets
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Whereas output connectors are the way output is dispatched, input is dispatched
 via event targets.
 Event targets need to implement interface org.jpc.emulator.EventDispatchTarget.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Event targets also provode methods which then encode events and dispatch
 them forward (without doing anything else) to event recorder.
 Also, event targets may have methods for obtaining state.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Interface org.jpc.emulator.EventDispatchTarget
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Interface that marks class capable of receiving events.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method setEventRecorder(EventRecorder)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Set the event recorder input events are sent to.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method startEventCheck()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Signals target to reset all state related to event checking and state feedback.
 This may be called at any time in order to reinitialialize event checking/feedb
ack state.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method doEvent(long, String[], int) throws IOException
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Event dispatch handler.
 The first argument is event time, second is parameters and third is what
 to do with it.
 If target doesn't like the event, throw IOException.
 Following types (the integer parameter) are used:
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
0 (EventRecorder.EVENT_TIMED): Time has been assigned for event.
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
1 (EventRecorder.EVENT_STATE_EFFECT_FUTURE): Future event in event replay
 for reinitialization
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
2 (EventRecorder.EVENT_STATE_EFFECT): Past event in event replay reinitialization
\end_layout

\begin_layout LyX-Code
3 (EventRecorder.EVENT_EXECUTE): This event occurs now.
 Execute the effect.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method endEventCheock()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
End event reinitialization.
 Usually unused.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method getEventTimeLowBound(long, String[]) throws IOException
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Return the time value that's the earliest possiblity for this event to occur.
 Returning any time in past (including -1) causes event to fire as soon
 as possible.
 The long parameter gives the current scheduled time for event.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Writing modules
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Modules are various extensions that run inside emulator core.
 As such, they affect sync.
 Modules must implement interface org.jpc.emulator.HardwareComponent (they
 are hardware components) and must be dumpable.
 Additionally, they need either constructor <init>() or <init>(String).
 The first is if no parameters are passed, the second is for case where
 parameters are passed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Aside of the constructors, modules need to obey the ordinary conventions
 for hardware components.
 No code outside modules needs to know that module exists.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Writing plugins
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Plugins handle various UI tasks.
 They need to implement interface org.jpc.Plugin.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Interface org.jpc.pluginsbase.Plugin
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method systemShutdown()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Called when emulator shuts down.
 Either called in dedicated thread or in thread that called emulatorShutdown().
 These handlers should do the bare minimum to get files on disk to consistent
 state.
 After these calls from all plugins have finished, emulator exits.
 Do not try to manipulate UI from these methods, as doing that easily leads
 into deadlock.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method reconnect(PC) 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Gives new PC to connect to.
 Null is passed if plugin should disconnect.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method main()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Called in dedicated thread after plugin is initialized.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method pcStopping()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Called after PC has stopped.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method pcStarting()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Called before PC starts.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method notifyArguments(String[])
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Pass arguments from command line.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Constructor <init>(Plugins)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This constructor is used to initialize plugins that don't take parameters.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Constructor <init>(Plugins, String)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This constructor is used to initialize plugins that take parameters.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Class org.jpc.pluginsbase.Plugins
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This class provodes various methods for manipulating plugins.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method isShuttingDown()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Returns true if Plugins.shutdownEmulator() has been called somehow, either
 via VM exit, CTRL+C or explicitly.
 Useful to skip cleanups involving GUI, as these are too deadlock-prone.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method shutdownEmulator()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Shut down and exit the emulator.
 All plugin shutdown functions are called in this thread.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method reconnectPC(PC)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Signal reconnectPC event to all plugins.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method pcStarted()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Signal pcStarting() event to all plugins.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method pcStopped()
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Signal pcStopping() event to all plugins.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Interface org.jpc.pluginsbase.ExternalCommandInterface
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Implementing interface org.jpc.pluginsbase.ExternalCommandInterface signals
 that plugin can receive commands via external commands interface.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Method invokeCommand(String cmd, String[] args)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Invoke specified command using specified arguments.
 Return true if event is to be shallowed, false to continue trying to pass
 it to more plugins.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Lua kernel programming
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
At startup, kernel gets its arguments in 'args' table and the script name
 to run in 'scriptname' string.
 It should enter the named script in protected mode.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The Lua VM exports numerious callbacks to kernel.
 The kernel can then choose to omit, wrap or re-export these to Lua scripts.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Always grab any functions used into local variables so nobody can mess with
 them
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Don't use global variables in kernel (except for those passed).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Lua standard
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
All standard Lua functions in tables main, 'math', 'coroutine', 'string'
 and 'table' (safe to re-export with exception of print, loadfile and dofile,
 which should be wrapped).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bit manipulation: none
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Bitwise none function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.bit_none(num...)'.
 It takes zero or more numbers and returns number (numbers have 48 bits).
 The number returned has those bits set that are set in none of inputs.
 Safe to re-export.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bit manipulation: any
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Bitwise any function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.bit_any(num...)'.
 It takes zero or more numbers and returns number (numbers have 48 bits).
 The number returned has those bits set that are set in any of inputs.
 Safe to re-export.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bit manipulation: parity
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Bitwise parity function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.bit_parity(num...)'.
 It takes zero or more numbers and returns number (numbers have 48 bits).
 The number returned has those bits set that are set in even number of of
 inputs.
 Safe to re-export.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bit manipulation: all
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Bitwise parity function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.bit_all(num...)'.
 It takes zero or more numbers and returns number (numbers have 48 bits).
 The number returned has those bits set that are set in all of inputs.
 Safe to re-export.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bit manipulation: lshift
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Left shift function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.bit_lshift(num base, num shift)'.
 It takes two numbers and returns first number shifted by second.
 number places left.
 Numbers have 48 bits, using shifts outside 0-47 gives unpredictable results.
 Safe to re-export.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bit manipulation: rshift
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Right logical shift function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.bit_rshift(num base,
 num shift)'.
 It takes two numbers and returns first number shifted by second number
 places right.
 Numbers have 48 bits, using shifts outside 0-47 gives unpredictable results.
 Safe to re-export.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bit manipulation: arshift
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Right arithmetic shift function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.bit_arshift(num
 base, num shift)'.
 It takes two numbers and returns first number shifted by second number
 places right, with highest bit copied.
 Numbers have 48 bits, using shifts outside 0-47 gives unpredictable results.
 Safe to re-export.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bit manipulation: add
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Add function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.bit_add(num...)'.
 It takes zero or more numbers and returns number (numbers have 48 bits).
 The number returned is sum of all of inputs modulo 
\begin_inset Formula $2^{48}$
\end_inset

.
 Safe to re-export.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bit manipulation: addneg
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Add negated function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.bit_addneg(num...)'.
 It takes zero or more numbers and returns number (numbers have 48 bits).
 The number returned is 0 minus of all of inputs modulo 
\begin_inset Formula $2^{48}$
\end_inset

.
 Safe to re-export.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bit manipulation: addalt
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Add alternate function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.bit_addalt(num...)'.
 It takes zero or more numbers and returns number (numbers have 48 bits).
 The number returned is sum of odd arguments (first argument is odd) minus
 sum of even arguments modulo 
\begin_inset Formula $2^{48}$
\end_inset

.
 Safe to re-export.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Bit manipulation: tohex
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Add alternate function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.bit_tohex(num number)'.
 It takes number and returns hexadecimal representation of it.
 Safe to re-export.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Console output:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Console ouput function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.print_console_msg(sring
 line)'.
 It prints its string argument as new line on Lua console (should not be
 re-exported, use to construct replacement print).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Binary I/O:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Binary I/O file open function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.io_openbinary(string
 name, string mode)'.
 It takes two strings, first is name of file to open, second is mode, either
 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

r
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

rw
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 The returned object has following methods:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
file:length(): Returns length of file as number.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
file:set_length(num len): Truncate file to len bytes.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
file:read(num offset, num length): Read up to length bytes starting from
 offset offset.
 The file character set is assumed to be Latin1.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
file:write(num offset, string str): Write str starting from offset offset.
 Writing non-Latin1 characters gives unpredictable results.
 Only available on files opened for read/write.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
file:close(): Close file.
 No file operations can be done anymore.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The function should be filtered to enforce path constraints.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Text input:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Text input open function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.io_opentextinput(string
 name)'.
 It takes one string, name of file to open.
 The returned object has following methods:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
file:read(): Read next line.
 The file encoding is assumed to be UTF-8.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
file:close(): Close file.
 No file operations can be done anymore.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The function should be filtered to enforce path constraints.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Text output:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Text output open function is exported as 'jpcrr_raw.io_opentextoutput(string
 name)'.
 It takes one string, name of file to open.
 The returned object has following methods:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
file:write(string line): Write line line to file.
 File encoding is assumed to be UTF-8.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
file:close(): Close file.
 No file operations can be done anymore.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The function should be filtered to enforce path constraints.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
ECI invoke:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
ECI invocation functions 'jpcrr_raw.invoke(string name [, table args])' and
 'jpcrr_raw.invoke_synchronous(string name [, table args])'.
 These functions run specified ECI function with specified arguments.
 The updates ECI call makes to arguments is reflected to table passed as
 parameter.
 The synchronous version waits that any slow command processing gets done
 before returning (assemble, save, load and dump have such slow processing).
 These functions return nothing.
 Safe to re-export, use as base for more functions.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
PC Running:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
'jpcrr_raw.pc_running()'.
 Returns true if PC is running, false otherwise.
 Assemble, save, load and dump require PC not being running to be possible.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
PC Connected:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
'jpcrr_raw.pc_connected()'.
 Returns true if PC is connected, false otherwise.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
VGA wait/release:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
'jpcrr_raw.wait_vga()' waits for VGA to enter frame hold mode and returns
 true (if it returns false, the wait got interrupted for some reason and
 VGA is in rendering mode).
 While VGA is in frame hold, PC execution is locked out and things like
 memory reading and writing can be done without races (but load/save is
 not possible).
 'jpcrr_raw.release_vga()' acknowledges frame hold processing (VGA can re-enter
 rendering mode).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Frame hold happens once per frame at start of vertical retrace.
 Note that running Lua script must wait frame holds and release them or
 main PC execution will hang on first frame hold.
\end_layout

\end_body
\end_document