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14 .TH HEAD 1 "Mar 4, 2013"
16 head \- display first few lines of files
21 \fB/usr/bin/head\fR [\fB-q\fR] [\fB-v\fR] [\fB-number\fR ] [ \fB-n\fR \fInumber\fR ] [ \fB-c\fR \fInumber\fR] [\fIfilename\fR]...
27 \fBhead\fR [\fB-qv\fR] [\fB-n\fR \fIlines\fR] [\fB-c\fR \fIchars\fR] [\fB-s\fR \fIskip\fR] [\fIfilename\fR]...
34 The \fBhead\fR utility copies the first \fInumber\fR of lines of each
35 \fIfilename\fR to the standard output. If no \fIfilename\fR is given,
36 \fBhead\fR copies lines from the standard input. The default value of
37 \fInumber\fR is \fB10\fR lines. If \fB-c\fR is specified, \fBhead\fR
38 copies the first \fInumber\fR of bytes of each filename.
41 When more than one file is specified, the start of each file looks like:
45 \fB==>\fR \fIfilename\fR \fB<==\fR
51 Thus, a common way to display a set of short files, identifying each one, is:
55 example% \fBhead -9999 filename1 filename2 ...\fR
63 The \fBhead\fR built-in in \fBksh93\fR is associated with the \fB/bin\fR and
64 \fB/usr/bin\fR paths. It is invoked when \fBhead\fR is executed without a
65 pathname prefix and the pathname search finds a \fB/bin/head\fR or
66 \fB/usr/bin/head\fR executable.
69 \fBhead\fR copies one or more input files to standard output, stopping at a
70 designated point for each file or to the end of the file whichever comes first.
71 Copying ends at the point indicated by the options. By default, a header of the
72 form \fB==> filename <==\fR is output before all but the first file but this
73 can be changed with the \fB-q\fR and \fB-v\fR options. If no file is given, or
74 if the file is \fB-\fR, \fBhead\fR copies from standard input starting at the
78 The option argument for \fB-c\fR and \fB-s\fR can optionally be followed by one
79 of the following characters to specify a different unit other than a single
110 For backwards compatibility, \fB-number\fR is equivalent to \fB-n\fR number.
115 The following options are supported by \fB/usr/bin/head\fR:
119 \fB\fB-n\fR \fInumber\fR\fR
122 The first \fInumber\fR lines of each input file is copied to standard output.
123 The \fInumber\fR option-argument must be a positive decimal integer.
129 \fB\fB-c\fR \fInumber\fR\fR
132 The first \fInumber\fR bytes of each input file is copied to standard output.
133 The \fInumber\fR option-argument must be a positive decimal integer. Note,
134 output may end in the middle of a character if a file contains multi-byte
141 \fB\fB-\fR\fInumber\fR\fR
144 The \fInumber\fR argument is a positive decimal integer with the same effect as
145 the \fB-n\fR \fInumber\fR option.
154 \fBhead\fR will not print a header in between each specified file.
163 \fBhead\fR will always print a header in between each specified file.
168 If no options are specified, \fBhead\fR acts as if \fB-n\fR \fB10\fR had been
173 The following options are supported by the head built-in command in
182 \fB\fB--lines=\fR\fIlines\fR\fR
185 Copy lines from each file. The default value is \fB10\fR.
195 \fB\fB--bytes=\fR\fIchars\fR\fR
198 Copy \fIchars\fR bytes from each file.
208 \fB\fB--quiet|silent\fR\fR
211 Never output filename headers.
221 \fB\fB--skip=\fR\fIskip\fR\fR
224 Skip \fIskip\fR characters or lines from each file before copying.
234 \fB\fB--verbose\fR\fR
237 Always output filename headers.
243 The following operand is supported:
247 \fB\fB\fIfilename\fR\fR\fR
250 A path name of an input file. If no \fIfile\fR operands are specified, the
251 standard input is used.
257 See \fBlargefile\fR(5) for the description of the behavior of \fBhead\fR when
258 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2^31 bytes).
261 \fBExample 1 \fRWriting the First Ten Lines of All Files
264 The following example writes the first ten lines of all files, except those
265 with a leading period, in the directory:
270 example% \fBhead *\fR
275 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
278 See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
279 that affect the execution of \fBhead\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR,
280 \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR.
284 The following exit values are returned:
291 Successful completion.
306 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
315 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
319 Interface Stability Committed
321 Standard See \fBstandards\fR(5).
332 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
334 Interface Stability See below.
339 The \fBksh93\fR built-in binding to \fB/bin\fR and \fB/usr/bin\fR is Volatile.
340 The built-in interfaces are Uncommitted.
344 \fBcat\fR(1), \fBksh93\fR(1), \fBmore\fR(1), \fBpg\fR(1), \fBtail\fR(1),
345 \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5), \fBlargefile\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5)