15325 bhyve upstream sync 2023 January

[illumos-gate.git] / usr / src / cmd / bhyve / bhyverun.c

/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2011 NetApp, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NETAPP, INC ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL NETAPP, INC OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * $FreeBSD$
 */
/*
 * This file and its contents are supplied under the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License ("CDDL"), version 1.0.
 * You may only use this file in accordance with the terms of version
 * 1.0 of the CDDL.
 *
 * A full copy of the text of the CDDL should have accompanied this
 * source.  A copy of the CDDL is also available via the Internet at
 * http://www.illumos.org/license/CDDL.
 *
 * Copyright 2015 Pluribus Networks Inc.
 * Copyright 2018 Joyent, Inc.
 * Copyright 2022 Oxide Computer Company
 * Copyright 2022 OmniOS Community Edition (OmniOSce) Association.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");

#include <sys/types.h>
#ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
#include <sys/capsicum.h>
#endif
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
#include <amd64/vmm/intel/vmcs.h>
#else
#include <sys/cpuset.h>
#include <intel/vmcs.h>
#endif

#include <machine/atomic.h>
#include <machine/segments.h>

#ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
#include <capsicum_helpers.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <pthread_np.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#include <machine/vmm.h>
#ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
#include <machine/vmm_dev.h>
#endif
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
#include <machine/vmm_instruction_emul.h>
#endif
#include <vmmapi.h>

#include "bhyverun.h"
#include "acpi.h"
#include "atkbdc.h"
#include "bootrom.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "inout.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "fwctl.h"
#include "gdb.h"
#include "ioapic.h"
#include "kernemu_dev.h"
#include "mem.h"
#include "mevent.h"
#include "mptbl.h"
#include "pci_emul.h"
#include "pci_irq.h"
#include "pci_lpc.h"
#include "smbiostbl.h"
#include "xmsr.h"
#include "spinup_ap.h"
#include "rtc.h"
#include "vmgenc.h"
#ifndef __FreeBSD__
#include "privileges.h"
#endif

#define GUEST_NIO_PORT          0x488   /* guest upcalls via i/o port */

#define MB              (1024UL * 1024)
#define GB              (1024UL * MB)

static const char * const vmx_exit_reason_desc[] = {
        [EXIT_REASON_EXCEPTION] = "Exception or non-maskable interrupt (NMI)",
        [EXIT_REASON_EXT_INTR] = "External interrupt",
        [EXIT_REASON_TRIPLE_FAULT] = "Triple fault",
        [EXIT_REASON_INIT] = "INIT signal",
        [EXIT_REASON_SIPI] = "Start-up IPI (SIPI)",
        [EXIT_REASON_IO_SMI] = "I/O system-management interrupt (SMI)",
        [EXIT_REASON_SMI] = "Other SMI",
        [EXIT_REASON_INTR_WINDOW] = "Interrupt window",
        [EXIT_REASON_NMI_WINDOW] = "NMI window",
        [EXIT_REASON_TASK_SWITCH] = "Task switch",
        [EXIT_REASON_CPUID] = "CPUID",
        [EXIT_REASON_GETSEC] = "GETSEC",
        [EXIT_REASON_HLT] = "HLT",
        [EXIT_REASON_INVD] = "INVD",
        [EXIT_REASON_INVLPG] = "INVLPG",
        [EXIT_REASON_RDPMC] = "RDPMC",
        [EXIT_REASON_RDTSC] = "RDTSC",
        [EXIT_REASON_RSM] = "RSM",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMCALL] = "VMCALL",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMCLEAR] = "VMCLEAR",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMLAUNCH] = "VMLAUNCH",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMPTRLD] = "VMPTRLD",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMPTRST] = "VMPTRST",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMREAD] = "VMREAD",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMRESUME] = "VMRESUME",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMWRITE] = "VMWRITE",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMXOFF] = "VMXOFF",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMXON] = "VMXON",
        [EXIT_REASON_CR_ACCESS] = "Control-register accesses",
        [EXIT_REASON_DR_ACCESS] = "MOV DR",
        [EXIT_REASON_INOUT] = "I/O instruction",
        [EXIT_REASON_RDMSR] = "RDMSR",
        [EXIT_REASON_WRMSR] = "WRMSR",
        [EXIT_REASON_INVAL_VMCS] =
            "VM-entry failure due to invalid guest state",
        [EXIT_REASON_INVAL_MSR] = "VM-entry failure due to MSR loading",
        [EXIT_REASON_MWAIT] = "MWAIT",
        [EXIT_REASON_MTF] = "Monitor trap flag",
        [EXIT_REASON_MONITOR] = "MONITOR",
        [EXIT_REASON_PAUSE] = "PAUSE",
        [EXIT_REASON_MCE_DURING_ENTRY] =
            "VM-entry failure due to machine-check event",
        [EXIT_REASON_TPR] = "TPR below threshold",
        [EXIT_REASON_APIC_ACCESS] = "APIC access",
        [EXIT_REASON_VIRTUALIZED_EOI] = "Virtualized EOI",
        [EXIT_REASON_GDTR_IDTR] = "Access to GDTR or IDTR",
        [EXIT_REASON_LDTR_TR] = "Access to LDTR or TR",
        [EXIT_REASON_EPT_FAULT] = "EPT violation",
        [EXIT_REASON_EPT_MISCONFIG] = "EPT misconfiguration",
        [EXIT_REASON_INVEPT] = "INVEPT",
        [EXIT_REASON_RDTSCP] = "RDTSCP",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMX_PREEMPT] = "VMX-preemption timer expired",
        [EXIT_REASON_INVVPID] = "INVVPID",
        [EXIT_REASON_WBINVD] = "WBINVD",
        [EXIT_REASON_XSETBV] = "XSETBV",
        [EXIT_REASON_APIC_WRITE] = "APIC write",
        [EXIT_REASON_RDRAND] = "RDRAND",
        [EXIT_REASON_INVPCID] = "INVPCID",
        [EXIT_REASON_VMFUNC] = "VMFUNC",
        [EXIT_REASON_ENCLS] = "ENCLS",
        [EXIT_REASON_RDSEED] = "RDSEED",
        [EXIT_REASON_PM_LOG_FULL] = "Page-modification log full",
        [EXIT_REASON_XSAVES] = "XSAVES",
        [EXIT_REASON_XRSTORS] = "XRSTORS"
};

typedef int (*vmexit_handler_t)(struct vmctx *, struct vm_exit *, int *vcpu);

int guest_ncpus;
uint16_t cpu_cores, cpu_sockets, cpu_threads;

int raw_stdio = 0;

static char *progname;
static const int BSP = 0;

static cpuset_t cpumask;

static void vm_loop(struct vmctx *ctx, int vcpu);

#ifndef __FreeBSD__
static struct vm_entry *vmentry;
#endif

static struct bhyvestats {
        uint64_t        vmexit_bogus;
        uint64_t        vmexit_reqidle;
        uint64_t        vmexit_hlt;
        uint64_t        vmexit_pause;
        uint64_t        vmexit_mtrap;
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
        uint64_t        vmexit_inst_emul;
#else
        uint64_t        vmexit_mmio;
        uint64_t        vmexit_inout;
        uint64_t        mmio_unhandled;
#endif
        uint64_t        cpu_switch_rotate;
        uint64_t        cpu_switch_direct;
} stats;

static struct mt_vmm_info {
        pthread_t       mt_thr;
        struct vmctx    *mt_ctx;
        int             mt_vcpu;
} *mt_vmm_info;

#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
static cpuset_t **vcpumap;
#endif

static void
usage(int code)
{

        fprintf(stderr,
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
                "Usage: %s [-AaCDeHhPSuWwxY]\n"
#else
                "Usage: %s [-aCDdeHhPSuWwxY]\n"
#endif
                "       %*s [-c [[cpus=]numcpus][,sockets=n][,cores=n][,threads=n]]\n"
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
                "       %*s [-G port] [-k config_file] [-l lpc] [-m mem] [-o var=value]\n"
                "       %*s [-p vcpu:hostcpu] [-r file] [-s pci] [-U uuid] vmname\n"

                "       -A: create ACPI tables\n"
#else
                "       %*s [-k <config_file>] [-l <lpc>] [-m mem] [-o <var>=<value>]\n"
                "       %*s [-s <pci>] [-U uuid] vmname\n"
#endif
                "       -a: local apic is in xAPIC mode (deprecated)\n"
#ifndef __FreeBSD__
                "       -B type,key=value,...: set SMBIOS information\n"
#endif
                "       -C: include guest memory in core file\n"
                "       -c: number of CPUs and/or topology specification\n"
                "       -D: destroy on power-off\n"
#ifndef __FreeBSD__
                "       -d: suspend cpu at boot\n"
#endif
                "       -e: exit on unhandled I/O access\n"
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
                "       -G: start a debug server\n"
#endif
                "       -H: vmexit from the guest on HLT\n"
                "       -h: help\n"
                "       -k: key=value flat config file\n"
                "       -K: PS2 keyboard layout\n"
                "       -l: LPC device configuration\n"
                "       -m: memory size\n"
                "       -o: set config 'var' to 'value'\n"
                "       -P: vmexit from the guest on pause\n"
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
                "       -p: pin 'vcpu' to 'hostcpu'\n"
#endif
                "       -S: guest memory cannot be swapped\n"
                "       -s: <slot,driver,configinfo> PCI slot config\n"
                "       -U: UUID\n"
                "       -u: RTC keeps UTC time\n"
                "       -W: force virtio to use single-vector MSI\n"
                "       -w: ignore unimplemented MSRs\n"
                "       -x: local APIC is in x2APIC mode\n"
                "       -Y: disable MPtable generation\n",
                progname, (int)strlen(progname), "", (int)strlen(progname), "",
                (int)strlen(progname), "");

        exit(code);
}

/*
 * XXX This parser is known to have the following issues:
 * 1.  It accepts null key=value tokens ",," as setting "cpus" to an
 *     empty string.
 *
 * The acceptance of a null specification ('-c ""') is by design to match the
 * manual page syntax specification, this results in a topology of 1 vCPU.
 */
static int
topology_parse(const char *opt)
{
        char *cp, *str, *tofree;

        if (*opt == '\0') {
                set_config_value("sockets", "1");
                set_config_value("cores", "1");
                set_config_value("threads", "1");
                set_config_value("cpus", "1");
                return (0);
        }

        tofree = str = strdup(opt);
        if (str == NULL)
                errx(4, "Failed to allocate memory");

        while ((cp = strsep(&str, ",")) != NULL) {
                if (strncmp(cp, "cpus=", strlen("cpus=")) == 0)
                        set_config_value("cpus", cp + strlen("cpus="));
                else if (strncmp(cp, "sockets=", strlen("sockets=")) == 0)
                        set_config_value("sockets", cp + strlen("sockets="));
                else if (strncmp(cp, "cores=", strlen("cores=")) == 0)
                        set_config_value("cores", cp + strlen("cores="));
                else if (strncmp(cp, "threads=", strlen("threads=")) == 0)
                        set_config_value("threads", cp + strlen("threads="));
#ifdef notyet  /* Do not expose this until vmm.ko implements it */
                else if (strncmp(cp, "maxcpus=", strlen("maxcpus=")) == 0)
                        set_config_value("maxcpus", cp + strlen("maxcpus="));
#endif
                else if (strchr(cp, '=') != NULL)
                        goto out;
                else
                        set_config_value("cpus", cp);
        }
        free(tofree);
        return (0);

out:
        free(tofree);
        return (-1);
}

static int
parse_int_value(const char *key, const char *value, int minval, int maxval)
{
        char *cp;
        long lval;

        errno = 0;
        lval = strtol(value, &cp, 0);
        if (errno != 0 || *cp != '\0' || cp == value || lval < minval ||
            lval > maxval)
                errx(4, "Invalid value for %s: '%s'", key, value);
        return (lval);
}

/*
 * Set the sockets, cores, threads, and guest_cpus variables based on
 * the configured topology.
 *
 * The limits of UINT16_MAX are due to the types passed to
 * vm_set_topology().  vmm.ko may enforce tighter limits.
 */
static void
calc_topology(void)
{
        const char *value;
        bool explicit_cpus;
        uint64_t ncpus;

        value = get_config_value("cpus");
        if (value != NULL) {
                guest_ncpus = parse_int_value("cpus", value, 1, UINT16_MAX);
                explicit_cpus = true;
        } else {
                guest_ncpus = 1;
                explicit_cpus = false;
        }
        value = get_config_value("cores");
        if (value != NULL)
                cpu_cores = parse_int_value("cores", value, 1, UINT16_MAX);
        else
                cpu_cores = 1;
        value = get_config_value("threads");
        if (value != NULL)
                cpu_threads = parse_int_value("threads", value, 1, UINT16_MAX);
        else
                cpu_threads = 1;
        value = get_config_value("sockets");
        if (value != NULL)
                cpu_sockets = parse_int_value("sockets", value, 1, UINT16_MAX);
        else
                cpu_sockets = guest_ncpus;

        /*
         * Compute sockets * cores * threads avoiding overflow.  The
         * range check above insures these are 16 bit values.
         */
        ncpus = (uint64_t)cpu_sockets * cpu_cores * cpu_threads;
        if (ncpus > UINT16_MAX)
                errx(4, "Computed number of vCPUs too high: %ju",
                    (uintmax_t)ncpus);

        if (explicit_cpus) {
                if (guest_ncpus != (int)ncpus)
                        errx(4, "Topology (%d sockets, %d cores, %d threads) "
                            "does not match %d vCPUs",
                            cpu_sockets, cpu_cores, cpu_threads,
                            guest_ncpus);
        } else
                guest_ncpus = ncpus;
}

#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
static int
pincpu_parse(const char *opt)
{
        int vcpu, pcpu;
        const char *value;
        char *newval;
        char key[16];

        if (sscanf(opt, "%d:%d", &vcpu, &pcpu) != 2) {
                fprintf(stderr, "invalid format: %s\n", opt);
                return (-1);
        }

        if (vcpu < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "invalid vcpu '%d'\n", vcpu);
                return (-1);
        }

        if (pcpu < 0 || pcpu >= CPU_SETSIZE) {
                fprintf(stderr, "hostcpu '%d' outside valid range from "
                    "0 to %d\n", pcpu, CPU_SETSIZE - 1);
                return (-1);
        }

        snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "vcpu.%d.cpuset", vcpu);
        value = get_config_value(key);

        if (asprintf(&newval, "%s%s%d", value != NULL ? value : "",
            value != NULL ? "," : "", pcpu) == -1) {
                perror("failed to build new cpuset string");
                return (-1);
        }

        set_config_value(key, newval);
        free(newval);
        return (0);
}

static void
parse_cpuset(int vcpu, const char *list, cpuset_t *set)
{
        char *cp, *token;
        int pcpu, start;

        CPU_ZERO(set);
        start = -1;
        token = __DECONST(char *, list);
        for (;;) {
                pcpu = strtoul(token, &cp, 0);
                if (cp == token)
                        errx(4, "invalid cpuset for vcpu %d: '%s'", vcpu, list);
                if (pcpu < 0 || pcpu >= CPU_SETSIZE)
                        errx(4, "hostcpu '%d' outside valid range from 0 to %d",
                            pcpu, CPU_SETSIZE - 1);
                switch (*cp) {
                case ',':
                case '\0':
                        if (start >= 0) {
                                if (start > pcpu)
                                        errx(4, "Invalid hostcpu range %d-%d",
                                            start, pcpu);
                                while (start < pcpu) {
                                        CPU_SET(start, set);
                                        start++;
                                }
                                start = -1;
                        }
                        CPU_SET(pcpu, set);
                        break;
                case '-':
                        if (start >= 0)
                                errx(4, "invalid cpuset for vcpu %d: '%s'",
                                    vcpu, list);
                        start = pcpu;
                        break;
                default:
                        errx(4, "invalid cpuset for vcpu %d: '%s'", vcpu, list);
                }
                if (*cp == '\0')
                        break;
                token = cp + 1;
        }
}

static void
build_vcpumaps(void)
{
        char key[16];
        const char *value;
        int vcpu;

        vcpumap = calloc(guest_ncpus, sizeof(*vcpumap));
        for (vcpu = 0; vcpu < guest_ncpus; vcpu++) {
                snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "vcpu.%d.cpuset", vcpu);
                value = get_config_value(key);
                if (value == NULL)
                        continue;
                vcpumap[vcpu] = malloc(sizeof(cpuset_t));
                if (vcpumap[vcpu] == NULL)
                        err(4, "Failed to allocate cpuset for vcpu %d", vcpu);
                parse_cpuset(vcpu, value, vcpumap[vcpu]);
        }
}

void
vm_inject_fault(void *arg, int vcpu, int vector, int errcode_valid,
    int errcode)
{
        struct vmctx *ctx;
        int error, restart_instruction;

        ctx = arg;
        restart_instruction = 1;

        error = vm_inject_exception(ctx, vcpu, vector, errcode_valid, errcode,
            restart_instruction);
        assert(error == 0);
}
#endif /* __FreeBSD__ */

void *
paddr_guest2host(struct vmctx *ctx, uintptr_t gaddr, size_t len)
{

        return (vm_map_gpa(ctx, gaddr, len));
}

int
fbsdrun_virtio_msix(void)
{

        return (get_config_bool_default("virtio_msix", true));
}

static void *
fbsdrun_start_thread(void *param)
{
        char tname[MAXCOMLEN + 1];
        struct mt_vmm_info *mtp;
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
        int error, vcpu;
#else
        int vcpu;
#endif

        mtp = param;
        vcpu = mtp->mt_vcpu;

        snprintf(tname, sizeof(tname), "vcpu %d", vcpu);
        pthread_set_name_np(mtp->mt_thr, tname);

#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
        if (vcpumap[vcpu] != NULL) {
                error = pthread_setaffinity_np(pthread_self(),
                    sizeof(cpuset_t), vcpumap[vcpu]);
                assert(error == 0);
        }
#endif

        gdb_cpu_add(vcpu);

        vm_loop(mtp->mt_ctx, vcpu);

        /* not reached */
        exit(1);
        return (NULL);
}

void
fbsdrun_addcpu(struct vmctx *ctx, int newcpu, bool suspend)
{
        int error;

        error = vm_activate_cpu(ctx, newcpu);
        if (error != 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "could not activate CPU %d", newcpu);

        CPU_SET_ATOMIC(newcpu, &cpumask);

        if (suspend)
                (void) vm_suspend_cpu(ctx, newcpu);

        mt_vmm_info[newcpu].mt_ctx = ctx;
        mt_vmm_info[newcpu].mt_vcpu = newcpu;

        error = pthread_create(&mt_vmm_info[newcpu].mt_thr, NULL,
            fbsdrun_start_thread, &mt_vmm_info[newcpu]);
        assert(error == 0);
}

static int
fbsdrun_deletecpu(int vcpu)
{

        if (!CPU_ISSET(vcpu, &cpumask)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Attempting to delete unknown cpu %d\n", vcpu);
                exit(4);
        }

        CPU_CLR_ATOMIC(vcpu, &cpumask);
        return (CPU_EMPTY(&cpumask));
}

#ifndef __FreeBSD__
static void
vmentry_mmio_read(int vcpu, uint64_t gpa, uint8_t bytes, uint64_t data)
{
        struct vm_entry *entry = &vmentry[vcpu];
        struct vm_mmio *mmio = &entry->u.mmio;

        assert(entry->cmd == VEC_DEFAULT);

        entry->cmd = VEC_FULFILL_MMIO;
        mmio->bytes = bytes;
        mmio->read = 1;
        mmio->gpa = gpa;
        mmio->data = data;
}

static void
vmentry_mmio_write(int vcpu, uint64_t gpa, uint8_t bytes)
{
        struct vm_entry *entry = &vmentry[vcpu];
        struct vm_mmio *mmio = &entry->u.mmio;

        assert(entry->cmd == VEC_DEFAULT);

        entry->cmd = VEC_FULFILL_MMIO;
        mmio->bytes = bytes;
        mmio->read = 0;
        mmio->gpa = gpa;
        mmio->data = 0;
}

static void
vmentry_inout_read(int vcpu, uint16_t port, uint8_t bytes, uint32_t data)
{
        struct vm_entry *entry = &vmentry[vcpu];
        struct vm_inout *inout = &entry->u.inout;

        assert(entry->cmd == VEC_DEFAULT);

        entry->cmd = VEC_FULFILL_INOUT;
        inout->bytes = bytes;
        inout->flags = INOUT_IN;
        inout->port = port;
        inout->eax = data;
}

static void
vmentry_inout_write(int vcpu, uint16_t port, uint8_t bytes)
{
        struct vm_entry *entry = &vmentry[vcpu];
        struct vm_inout *inout = &entry->u.inout;

        assert(entry->cmd == VEC_DEFAULT);

        entry->cmd = VEC_FULFILL_INOUT;
        inout->bytes = bytes;
        inout->flags = 0;
        inout->port = port;
        inout->eax = 0;
}
#endif

static int
vmexit_handle_notify(struct vmctx *ctx __unused, struct vm_exit *vme __unused,
    int *pvcpu __unused, uint32_t eax __unused)
{
#if BHYVE_DEBUG
        /*
         * put guest-driven debug here
         */
#endif
        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
}

static int
vmexit_inout(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vm_exit *vme, int *pvcpu)
{
        int error;
        int vcpu;
        struct vm_inout inout;
        bool in;
        uint8_t bytes;

        stats.vmexit_inout++;

        vcpu = *pvcpu;
        inout = vme->u.inout;
        in = (inout.flags & INOUT_IN) != 0;
        bytes = inout.bytes;

        /* Extra-special case of host notifications */
        if (!in && inout.port == GUEST_NIO_PORT) {
                error = vmexit_handle_notify(ctx, vme, pvcpu, inout.eax);
                vmentry_inout_write(vcpu, inout.port, bytes);
                return (error);
        }

        error = emulate_inout(ctx, vcpu, &inout);
        if (error) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Unhandled %s%c 0x%04x at 0x%lx\n",
                    in ? "in" : "out",
                    bytes == 1 ? 'b' : (bytes == 2 ? 'w' : 'l'),
                    inout.port, vme->rip);
                return (VMEXIT_ABORT);
        } else {
                /*
                 * Communicate the status of the inout operation back to the
                 * in-kernel instruction emulation.
                 */
                if (in) {
                        vmentry_inout_read(vcpu, inout.port, bytes, inout.eax);
                } else {
                        vmentry_inout_write(vcpu, inout.port, bytes);
                }
                return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
        }
}

static int
vmexit_rdmsr(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vm_exit *vme, int *pvcpu)
{
        uint64_t val;
        uint32_t eax, edx;
        int error;

        val = 0;
        error = emulate_rdmsr(ctx, *pvcpu, vme->u.msr.code, &val);
        if (error != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "rdmsr to register %#x on vcpu %d\n",
                    vme->u.msr.code, *pvcpu);
                if (get_config_bool("x86.strictmsr")) {
                        vm_inject_gp(ctx, *pvcpu);
                        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
                }
        }

        eax = val;
        error = vm_set_register(ctx, *pvcpu, VM_REG_GUEST_RAX, eax);
        assert(error == 0);

        edx = val >> 32;
        error = vm_set_register(ctx, *pvcpu, VM_REG_GUEST_RDX, edx);
        assert(error == 0);

        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
}

static int
vmexit_wrmsr(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vm_exit *vme, int *pvcpu)
{
        int error;

        error = emulate_wrmsr(ctx, *pvcpu, vme->u.msr.code, vme->u.msr.wval);
        if (error != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "wrmsr to register %#x(%#lx) on vcpu %d\n",
                    vme->u.msr.code, vme->u.msr.wval, *pvcpu);
                if (get_config_bool("x86.strictmsr")) {
                        vm_inject_gp(ctx, *pvcpu);
                        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
                }
        }
        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
}

#ifndef __FreeBSD__
static int
vmexit_run_state(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vm_exit *vme, int *pvcpu)
{
        /*
         * Run-state transitions (INIT, SIPI, etc) are handled in-kernel, so an
         * exit to userspace with that code is not expected.
         */
        fprintf(stderr, "unexpected run-state VM exit");
        return (VMEXIT_ABORT);
}

static int
vmexit_paging(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vm_exit *vmexit, int *pvcpu)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "vm exit[%d]\n", *pvcpu);
        fprintf(stderr, "\treason\t\tPAGING\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "\trip\t\t0x%016lx\n", vmexit->rip);
        fprintf(stderr, "\tgpa\t\t0x%016lx\n", vmexit->u.paging.gpa);
        fprintf(stderr, "\tfault_type\t\t%d\n", vmexit->u.paging.fault_type);

        return (VMEXIT_ABORT);
}
#endif /* __FreeBSD__ */

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
#define DEBUG_EPT_MISCONFIG
#else
/* EPT misconfig debugging not possible now that raw VMCS access is gone */
#endif

#ifdef DEBUG_EPT_MISCONFIG
#define VMCS_GUEST_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS     0x00002400

static uint64_t ept_misconfig_gpa, ept_misconfig_pte[4];
static int ept_misconfig_ptenum;
#endif

static const char *
vmexit_vmx_desc(uint32_t exit_reason)
{

        if (exit_reason >= nitems(vmx_exit_reason_desc) ||
            vmx_exit_reason_desc[exit_reason] == NULL)
                return ("Unknown");
        return (vmx_exit_reason_desc[exit_reason]);
}

static int
vmexit_vmx(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vm_exit *vme, int *pvcpu)
{

        fprintf(stderr, "vm exit[%d]\n", *pvcpu);
        fprintf(stderr, "\treason\t\tVMX\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "\trip\t\t0x%016lx\n", vme->rip);
        fprintf(stderr, "\tinst_length\t%d\n", vme->inst_length);
        fprintf(stderr, "\tstatus\t\t%d\n", vme->u.vmx.status);
        fprintf(stderr, "\texit_reason\t%u (%s)\n", vme->u.vmx.exit_reason,
            vmexit_vmx_desc(vme->u.vmx.exit_reason));
        fprintf(stderr, "\tqualification\t0x%016lx\n",
            vme->u.vmx.exit_qualification);
        fprintf(stderr, "\tinst_type\t\t%d\n", vme->u.vmx.inst_type);
        fprintf(stderr, "\tinst_error\t\t%d\n", vme->u.vmx.inst_error);
#ifdef DEBUG_EPT_MISCONFIG
        if (vme->u.vmx.exit_reason == EXIT_REASON_EPT_MISCONFIG) {
                vm_get_register(ctx, *pvcpu,
                    VMCS_IDENT(VMCS_GUEST_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS),
                    &ept_misconfig_gpa);
                vm_get_gpa_pmap(ctx, ept_misconfig_gpa, ept_misconfig_pte,
                    &ept_misconfig_ptenum);
                fprintf(stderr, "\tEPT misconfiguration:\n");
                fprintf(stderr, "\t\tGPA: %#lx\n", ept_misconfig_gpa);
                fprintf(stderr, "\t\tPTE(%d): %#lx %#lx %#lx %#lx\n",
                    ept_misconfig_ptenum, ept_misconfig_pte[0],
                    ept_misconfig_pte[1], ept_misconfig_pte[2],
                    ept_misconfig_pte[3]);
        }
#endif  /* DEBUG_EPT_MISCONFIG */
        return (VMEXIT_ABORT);
}

static int
vmexit_svm(struct vmctx *ctx __unused, struct vm_exit *vme, int *pvcpu)
{

        fprintf(stderr, "vm exit[%d]\n", *pvcpu);
        fprintf(stderr, "\treason\t\tSVM\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "\trip\t\t0x%016lx\n", vme->rip);
        fprintf(stderr, "\tinst_length\t%d\n", vme->inst_length);
        fprintf(stderr, "\texitcode\t%#lx\n", vme->u.svm.exitcode);
        fprintf(stderr, "\texitinfo1\t%#lx\n", vme->u.svm.exitinfo1);
        fprintf(stderr, "\texitinfo2\t%#lx\n", vme->u.svm.exitinfo2);
        return (VMEXIT_ABORT);
}

static int
vmexit_bogus(struct vmctx *ctx __unused, struct vm_exit *vme,
    int *pvcpu __unused)
{

        assert(vme->inst_length == 0);

        stats.vmexit_bogus++;

        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
}

static int
vmexit_reqidle(struct vmctx *ctx __unused, struct vm_exit *vme,
    int *pvcpu __unused)
{

        assert(vme->inst_length == 0);

        stats.vmexit_reqidle++;

        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
}

static int
vmexit_hlt(struct vmctx *ctx __unused, struct vm_exit *vme __unused,
    int *pvcpu __unused)
{

        stats.vmexit_hlt++;

        /*
         * Just continue execution with the next instruction. We use
         * the HLT VM exit as a way to be friendly with the host
         * scheduler.
         */
        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
}

static int
vmexit_pause(struct vmctx *ctx __unused, struct vm_exit *vme __unused,
    int *pvcpu __unused)
{

        stats.vmexit_pause++;

        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
}

static int
vmexit_mtrap(struct vmctx *ctx __unused, struct vm_exit *vme, int *pvcpu)
{

        assert(vme->inst_length == 0);

        stats.vmexit_mtrap++;

        gdb_cpu_mtrap(*pvcpu);

        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
}

static int
vmexit_inst_emul(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vm_exit *vme, int *pvcpu)
{
        uint8_t i, valid;

        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to emulate instruction sequence ");

        valid = vme->u.inst_emul.num_valid;
        if (valid != 0) {
                assert(valid <= sizeof (vme->u.inst_emul.inst));
                fprintf(stderr, "[");
                for (i = 0; i < valid; i++) {
                        if (i == 0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "%02x",
                                    vme->u.inst_emul.inst[i]);
                        } else {
                                fprintf(stderr, ", %02x",
                                    vme->u.inst_emul.inst[i]);
                        }
                }
                fprintf(stderr, "] ");
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "@ %rip = %x\n", vme->rip);

        return (VMEXIT_ABORT);
}

static int
vmexit_mmio(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vm_exit *vmexit, int *pvcpu)
{
        int vcpu, err;
        struct vm_mmio mmio;
        bool is_read;

        stats.vmexit_mmio++;

        vcpu = *pvcpu;
        mmio = vmexit->u.mmio;
        is_read = (mmio.read != 0);

        err = emulate_mem(ctx, vcpu, &mmio);

        if (err == ESRCH) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Unhandled memory access to 0x%lx\n", mmio.gpa);
                stats.mmio_unhandled++;

                /*
                 * Access to non-existent physical addresses is not likely to
                 * result in fatal errors on hardware machines, but rather reads
                 * of all-ones or discarded-but-acknowledged writes.
                 */
                mmio.data = ~0UL;
                err = 0;
        }

        if (err == 0) {
                if (is_read) {
                        vmentry_mmio_read(vcpu, mmio.gpa, mmio.bytes,
                            mmio.data);
                } else {
                        vmentry_mmio_write(vcpu, mmio.gpa, mmio.bytes);
                }
                return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
        }

        fprintf(stderr, "Unhandled mmio error to 0x%lx: %d\n", mmio.gpa, err);
        return (VMEXIT_ABORT);
}

static pthread_mutex_t resetcpu_mtx = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
static pthread_cond_t resetcpu_cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;

static int
vmexit_suspend(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vm_exit *vme, int *pvcpu)
{
        enum vm_suspend_how how;

        how = vme->u.suspended.how;

        fbsdrun_deletecpu(*pvcpu);

        if (*pvcpu != BSP) {
                pthread_mutex_lock(&resetcpu_mtx);
                pthread_cond_signal(&resetcpu_cond);
                pthread_mutex_unlock(&resetcpu_mtx);
                pthread_exit(NULL);
        }

        pthread_mutex_lock(&resetcpu_mtx);
        while (!CPU_EMPTY(&cpumask)) {
                pthread_cond_wait(&resetcpu_cond, &resetcpu_mtx);
        }
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&resetcpu_mtx);

        switch (how) {
        case VM_SUSPEND_RESET:
                exit(0);
        case VM_SUSPEND_POWEROFF:
                if (get_config_bool_default("destroy_on_poweroff", false))
                        vm_destroy(ctx);
                exit(1);
        case VM_SUSPEND_HALT:
                exit(2);
        case VM_SUSPEND_TRIPLEFAULT:
                exit(3);
        default:
                fprintf(stderr, "vmexit_suspend: invalid reason %d\n", how);
                exit(100);
        }
        return (0);     /* NOTREACHED */
}

static int
vmexit_debug(struct vmctx *ctx __unused, struct vm_exit *vme __unused,
    int *pvcpu)
{

        gdb_cpu_suspend(*pvcpu);
        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
}

static int
vmexit_breakpoint(struct vmctx *ctx __unused, struct vm_exit *vme, int *pvcpu)
{

        gdb_cpu_breakpoint(*pvcpu, vme);
        return (VMEXIT_CONTINUE);
}

#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
static int
vmexit_ipi(struct vmctx *ctx, struct vm_exit *vme, int *pvcpu __unused)
{
        int error = -1;
        int i;
        switch (vme->u.ipi.mode) {
        case APIC_DELMODE_INIT:
                CPU_FOREACH_ISSET(i, &vme->u.ipi.dmask) {
                        error = vm_suspend_cpu(ctx, i);
                        if (error) {
                                warnx("%s: failed to suspend cpu %d\n",
                                    __func__, i);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                break;
        case APIC_DELMODE_STARTUP:
                CPU_FOREACH_ISSET(i, &vme->u.ipi.dmask) {
                        spinup_ap(ctx, i, vme->u.ipi.vector << PAGE_SHIFT);
                }
                error = 0;
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }

        return (error);
}
#endif

static vmexit_handler_t handler[VM_EXITCODE_MAX] = {
        [VM_EXITCODE_INOUT]  = vmexit_inout,
        [VM_EXITCODE_MMIO]  = vmexit_mmio,
        [VM_EXITCODE_VMX]    = vmexit_vmx,
        [VM_EXITCODE_SVM]    = vmexit_svm,
        [VM_EXITCODE_BOGUS]  = vmexit_bogus,
        [VM_EXITCODE_REQIDLE] = vmexit_reqidle,
        [VM_EXITCODE_RDMSR]  = vmexit_rdmsr,
        [VM_EXITCODE_WRMSR]  = vmexit_wrmsr,
        [VM_EXITCODE_MTRAP]  = vmexit_mtrap,
        [VM_EXITCODE_INST_EMUL] = vmexit_inst_emul,
#ifndef __FreeBSD__
        [VM_EXITCODE_RUN_STATE] = vmexit_run_state,
        [VM_EXITCODE_PAGING] = vmexit_paging,
        [VM_EXITCODE_HLT] = vmexit_hlt,
#endif
        [VM_EXITCODE_SUSPENDED] = vmexit_suspend,
        [VM_EXITCODE_TASK_SWITCH] = vmexit_task_switch,
        [VM_EXITCODE_DEBUG] = vmexit_debug,
        [VM_EXITCODE_BPT] = vmexit_breakpoint,
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
        [VM_EXITCODE_IPI] = vmexit_ipi,
#endif
};

static void
vm_loop(struct vmctx *ctx, int vcpu)
{
        struct vm_exit vme;
        int error, rc;
        enum vm_exitcode exitcode;
        cpuset_t active_cpus;
        struct vm_entry *ventry;

        error = vm_active_cpus(ctx, &active_cpus);
        assert(CPU_ISSET(vcpu, &active_cpus));

        ventry = &vmentry[vcpu];

        while (1) {
                error = vm_run(ctx, vcpu, ventry, &vme);
                if (error != 0)
                        break;

                if (ventry->cmd != VEC_DEFAULT) {
                        /*
                         * Discard any lingering entry state after it has been
                         * submitted via vm_run().
                         */
                        bzero(ventry, sizeof (*ventry));
                }

                exitcode = vme.exitcode;
                if (exitcode >= VM_EXITCODE_MAX || handler[exitcode] == NULL) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "vm_loop: unexpected exitcode 0x%x\n",
                            exitcode);
                        exit(4);
                }

                rc = (*handler[exitcode])(ctx, &vme, &vcpu);

                switch (rc) {
                case VMEXIT_CONTINUE:
                        break;
                case VMEXIT_ABORT:
                        abort();
                default:
                        exit(4);
                }
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "vm_run error %d, errno %d\n", error, errno);
}

static int
num_vcpus_allowed(struct vmctx *ctx)
{
        uint16_t sockets, cores, threads, maxcpus;
#ifdef __FreeBSD__
        int tmp, error;

        /*
         * The guest is allowed to spinup more than one processor only if the
         * UNRESTRICTED_GUEST capability is available.
         */
        error = vm_get_capability(ctx, BSP, VM_CAP_UNRESTRICTED_GUEST, &tmp);
        if (error != 0)
                return (1);
#else
        int error;
        /* Unrestricted Guest is always enabled on illumos */

#endif /* __FreeBSD__ */

        error = vm_get_topology(ctx, &sockets, &cores, &threads, &maxcpus);
        if (error == 0)
                return (maxcpus);
        else
                return (1);
}

static void
fbsdrun_set_capabilities(struct vmctx *ctx, int cpu)
{
        int err, tmp;

#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
        if (get_config_bool_default("x86.vmexit_on_hlt", false)) {
                err = vm_get_capability(ctx, cpu, VM_CAP_HALT_EXIT, &tmp);
                if (err < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "VM exit on HLT not supported\n");
                        exit(4);
                }
                vm_set_capability(ctx, cpu, VM_CAP_HALT_EXIT, 1);
                if (cpu == BSP)
                        handler[VM_EXITCODE_HLT] = vmexit_hlt;
        }
#else
        /*
         * We insist that vmexit-on-hlt is available on the host CPU, and enable
         * it by default.  Configuration of that feature is done with both of
         * those facts in mind.
         */
        tmp = (int)get_config_bool_default("x86.vmexit_on_hlt", true);
        err = vm_set_capability(ctx, cpu, VM_CAP_HALT_EXIT, tmp);
        if (err < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "VM exit on HLT not supported\n");
                exit(4);
        }
#endif /* __FreeBSD__ */

        if (get_config_bool_default("x86.vmexit_on_pause", false)) {
                /*
                 * pause exit support required for this mode
                 */
                err = vm_get_capability(ctx, cpu, VM_CAP_PAUSE_EXIT, &tmp);
                if (err < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr,
                            "SMP mux requested, no pause support\n");
                        exit(4);
                }
                vm_set_capability(ctx, cpu, VM_CAP_PAUSE_EXIT, 1);
                if (cpu == BSP)
                        handler[VM_EXITCODE_PAUSE] = vmexit_pause;
        }

        if (get_config_bool_default("x86.x2apic", false))
                err = vm_set_x2apic_state(ctx, cpu, X2APIC_ENABLED);
        else
                err = vm_set_x2apic_state(ctx, cpu, X2APIC_DISABLED);

        if (err) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Unable to set x2apic state (%d)\n", err);
                exit(4);
        }

#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
        vm_set_capability(ctx, cpu, VM_CAP_ENABLE_INVPCID, 1);

        err = vm_set_capability(ctx, cpu, VM_CAP_IPI_EXIT, 1);
        assert(err == 0);
#endif
}

static struct vmctx *
do_open(const char *vmname)
{
        struct vmctx *ctx;
        int error;
        bool reinit, romboot;

        reinit = romboot = false;

        if (lpc_bootrom())
                romboot = true;
#ifndef __FreeBSD__
        uint64_t create_flags = 0;
        if (get_config_bool_default("memory.use_reservoir", false)) {
                create_flags |= VCF_RESERVOIR_MEM;
        }
        error = vm_create(vmname, create_flags);
#else
        error = vm_create(vmname);
#endif /* __FreeBSD__ */
        if (error) {
                if (errno == EEXIST) {
                        if (romboot) {
                                reinit = true;
                        } else {
                                /*
                                 * The virtual machine has been setup by the
                                 * userspace bootloader.
                                 */
                        }
                } else {
                        perror("vm_create");
                        exit(4);
                }
        } else {
                if (!romboot) {
                        /*
                         * If the virtual machine was just created then a
                         * bootrom must be configured to boot it.
                         */
                        fprintf(stderr, "virtual machine cannot be booted\n");
                        exit(4);
                }
        }

        ctx = vm_open(vmname);
        if (ctx == NULL) {
                perror("vm_open");
                exit(4);
        }

#ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
        if (vm_limit_rights(ctx) != 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "vm_limit_rights");
#endif

        if (reinit) {
#ifndef __FreeBSD__
                error = vm_reinit(ctx, 0);
#else
                error = vm_reinit(ctx);
#endif
                if (error) {
                        perror("vm_reinit");
                        exit(4);
                }
        }
        error = vm_set_topology(ctx, cpu_sockets, cpu_cores, cpu_threads,
            0 /* maxcpus, unimplemented */);
        if (error)
                errx(EX_OSERR, "vm_set_topology");
        return (ctx);
}

static void
spinup_vcpu(struct vmctx *ctx, int vcpu, bool suspend)
{
        int error;

        if (vcpu != BSP) {
#ifndef __FreeBSD__
                /*
                 * On illumos, all APs are spun up halted and run-state
                 * transitions (INIT, SIPI, etc) are handled in-kernel.
                 */
                spinup_ap(ctx, vcpu, 0);
#endif

                fbsdrun_set_capabilities(ctx, vcpu);

#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
                /*
                 * Enable the 'unrestricted guest' mode for APs.
                 *
                 * APs startup in power-on 16-bit mode.
                 */
                error = vm_set_capability(ctx, vcpu, VM_CAP_UNRESTRICTED_GUEST, 1);
                assert(error == 0);
#endif
        }

#ifndef __FreeBSD__
        /*
         * The value of 'suspend' for the BSP depends on whether the -d
         * (suspend_at_boot) flag was given to bhyve. Regardless of that
         * value we always want to set the BSP to VRS_RUN and all others to
         * VRS_HALT.
         */
        error = vm_set_run_state(ctx, vcpu,
            vcpu == BSP ? VRS_RUN : VRS_HALT, 0);
        assert(error == 0);
#endif

        fbsdrun_addcpu(ctx, vcpu, suspend);
}

static bool
parse_config_option(const char *option)
{
        const char *value;
        char *path;

        value = strchr(option, '=');
        if (value == NULL || value[1] == '\0')
                return (false);
        path = strndup(option, value - option);
        if (path == NULL)
                err(4, "Failed to allocate memory");
        set_config_value(path, value + 1);
        return (true);
}

static void
parse_simple_config_file(const char *path)
{
        FILE *fp;
        char *line, *cp;
        size_t linecap;
        unsigned int lineno;

        fp = fopen(path, "r");
        if (fp == NULL)
                err(4, "Failed to open configuration file %s", path);
        line = NULL;
        linecap = 0;
        lineno = 1;
        for (lineno = 1; getline(&line, &linecap, fp) > 0; lineno++) {
                if (*line == '#' || *line == '\n')
                        continue;
                cp = strchr(line, '\n');
                if (cp != NULL)
                        *cp = '\0';
                if (!parse_config_option(line))
                        errx(4, "%s line %u: invalid config option '%s'", path,
                            lineno, line);
        }
        free(line);
        fclose(fp);
}

static void
parse_gdb_options(const char *opt)
{
        const char *sport;
        char *colon;

        if (opt[0] == 'w') {
                set_config_bool("gdb.wait", true);
                opt++;
        }

        colon = strrchr(opt, ':');
        if (colon == NULL) {
                sport = opt;
        } else {
                *colon = '\0';
                colon++;
                sport = colon;
                set_config_value("gdb.address", opt);
        }

        set_config_value("gdb.port", sport);
}

static void
set_defaults(void)
{

        set_config_bool("acpi_tables", false);
        set_config_value("memory.size", "256M");
        set_config_bool("x86.strictmsr", true);
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int c, error, err;
        int max_vcpus, memflags;
        struct vmctx *ctx;
        uint64_t rip;
        size_t memsize;
        const char *optstr, *value, *vmname;

        init_config();
        set_defaults();
        progname = basename(argv[0]);

#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
        optstr = "aehuwxACDHIPSWYk:o:p:G:c:s:m:l:K:U:";
#else
        /* +d, +B, -p */
        optstr = "adehuwxACDHIPSWYk:o:G:c:s:m:l:B:K:U:";
#endif
        while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, optstr)) != -1) {
                switch (c) {
                case 'a':
                        set_config_bool("x86.x2apic", false);
                        break;
                case 'A':
#ifdef __FreeBSD__
                        /*
                         * This option is ignored on illumos since the
                         * generated ACPI tables are not used; the bootroms
                         * have their own. The option is retained for backwards
                         * compatibility but does nothing. Note that the
                         * acpi_tables configuration is still accepted via
                         * -o if somebody really wants to generate these tables.
                         */
                        set_config_bool("acpi_tables", true);
#endif
                        break;
                case 'D':
                        set_config_bool("destroy_on_poweroff", true);
                        break;
#ifndef __FreeBSD__
                case 'B':
                        if (smbios_parse(optarg) != 0) {
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid SMBIOS "
                                    "configuration '%s'", optarg);
                        }
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        set_config_bool("suspend_at_boot", true);
                        break;
#endif
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
                case 'p':
                        if (pincpu_parse(optarg) != 0) {
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid vcpu pinning "
                                    "configuration '%s'", optarg);
                        }
                        break;
#endif
                case 'c':
                        if (topology_parse(optarg) != 0) {
                            errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid cpu topology "
                                "'%s'", optarg);
                        }
                        break;
                case 'C':
                        set_config_bool("memory.guest_in_core", true);
                        break;
                case 'G':
                        parse_gdb_options(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'k':
                        parse_simple_config_file(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'K':
                        set_config_value("keyboard.layout", optarg);
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        if (strncmp(optarg, "help", strlen(optarg)) == 0) {
                                lpc_print_supported_devices();
                                exit(0);
                        } else if (lpc_device_parse(optarg) != 0) {
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid lpc device "
                                    "configuration '%s'", optarg);
                        }
                        break;
                case 's':
                        if (strncmp(optarg, "help", strlen(optarg)) == 0) {
                                pci_print_supported_devices();
                                exit(0);
                        } else if (pci_parse_slot(optarg) != 0)
                                exit(4);
                        else
                                break;
                case 'S':
                        set_config_bool("memory.wired", true);
                        break;
                case 'm':
                        set_config_value("memory.size", optarg);
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        if (!parse_config_option(optarg))
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid configuration option '%s'", optarg);
                        break;
                case 'H':
                        set_config_bool("x86.vmexit_on_hlt", true);
                        break;
                case 'I':
                        /*
                         * The "-I" option was used to add an ioapic to the
                         * virtual machine.
                         *
                         * An ioapic is now provided unconditionally for each
                         * virtual machine and this option is now deprecated.
                         */
                        break;
                case 'P':
                        set_config_bool("x86.vmexit_on_pause", true);
                        break;
                case 'e':
                        set_config_bool("x86.strictio", true);
                        break;
                case 'u':
                        set_config_bool("rtc.use_localtime", false);
                        break;
                case 'U':
                        set_config_value("uuid", optarg);
                        break;
                case 'w':
                        set_config_bool("x86.strictmsr", false);
                        break;
                case 'W':
                        set_config_bool("virtio_msix", false);
                        break;
                case 'x':
                        set_config_bool("x86.x2apic", true);
                        break;
                case 'Y':
                        set_config_bool("x86.mptable", false);
                        break;
                case 'h':
                        usage(0);
                default:
                        usage(1);
                }
        }
        argc -= optind;
        argv += optind;

        if (argc > 1)
                usage(1);

        if (argc == 1)
                set_config_value("name", argv[0]);

        vmname = get_config_value("name");
        if (vmname == NULL)
                usage(1);

        if (get_config_bool_default("config.dump", false)) {
                dump_config();
                exit(1);
        }

#ifndef __FreeBSD__
        illumos_priv_init();
#endif

        calc_topology();

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
        build_vcpumaps();
#endif

        value = get_config_value("memory.size");
        error = vm_parse_memsize(value, &memsize);
        if (error)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid memsize '%s'", value);

        ctx = do_open(vmname);

        max_vcpus = num_vcpus_allowed(ctx);
        if (guest_ncpus > max_vcpus) {
                fprintf(stderr, "%d vCPUs requested but only %d available\n",
                        guest_ncpus, max_vcpus);
                exit(4);
        }

        fbsdrun_set_capabilities(ctx, BSP);

        memflags = 0;
        if (get_config_bool_default("memory.wired", false))
                memflags |= VM_MEM_F_WIRED;
        if (get_config_bool_default("memory.guest_in_core", false))
                memflags |= VM_MEM_F_INCORE;
        vm_set_memflags(ctx, memflags);
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
        err = vm_setup_memory(ctx, memsize, VM_MMAP_ALL);
#else
        do {
                errno = 0;
                err = vm_setup_memory(ctx, memsize, VM_MMAP_ALL);
                error = errno;
                if (err != 0 && error == ENOMEM) {
                        (void) fprintf(stderr, "Unable to allocate memory "
                            "(%llu), retrying in 1 second\n", memsize);
                        sleep(1);
                }
        } while (error == ENOMEM);
#endif
        if (err) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Unable to set up memory (%d)\n", errno);
                exit(4);
        }

        error = init_msr();
        if (error) {
                fprintf(stderr, "init_msr error %d", error);
                exit(4);
        }

        init_mem(guest_ncpus);
        init_inout();
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
        kernemu_dev_init();
#endif
        init_bootrom(ctx);
        atkbdc_init(ctx);
        pci_irq_init(ctx);
        ioapic_init(ctx);

        rtc_init(ctx);
        sci_init(ctx);
#ifndef __FreeBSD__
        pmtmr_init(ctx);
#endif

        /*
         * Exit if a device emulation finds an error in its initilization
         */
        if (init_pci(ctx) != 0) {
                perror("device emulation initialization error");
                exit(4);
        }

        /*
         * Initialize after PCI, to allow a bootrom file to reserve the high
         * region.
         */
        if (get_config_bool("acpi_tables"))
                vmgenc_init(ctx);

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
        init_gdb(ctx);
#else
        if (value != NULL) {
                int port = atoi(value);

                if (port < 0)
                        init_mdb(ctx);
                else
                        init_gdb(ctx);
        }
#endif

        if (lpc_bootrom()) {
#ifdef __FreeBSD__
                if (vm_set_capability(ctx, BSP, VM_CAP_UNRESTRICTED_GUEST, 1)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "ROM boot failed: unrestricted guest "
                            "capability not available\n");
                        exit(4);
                }
#else
                /* Unrestricted Guest is always enabled on illumos */
#endif
                error = vcpu_reset(ctx, BSP);
                assert(error == 0);
        }

        error = vm_get_register(ctx, BSP, VM_REG_GUEST_RIP, &rip);
        assert(error == 0);

        /*
         * build the guest tables, MP etc.
         */
        if (get_config_bool_default("x86.mptable", true)) {
                error = mptable_build(ctx, guest_ncpus);
                if (error) {
                        perror("error to build the guest tables");
                        exit(4);
                }
        }

        error = smbios_build(ctx);
        if (error != 0)
                exit(4);

        if (get_config_bool("acpi_tables")) {
                error = acpi_build(ctx, guest_ncpus);
                assert(error == 0);
        }

        if (lpc_bootrom())
                fwctl_init();

        /*
         * Change the proc title to include the VM name.
         */
        setproctitle("%s", vmname);

#ifndef WITHOUT_CAPSICUM
        caph_cache_catpages();

        if (caph_limit_stdout() == -1 || caph_limit_stderr() == -1)
                errx(EX_OSERR, "Unable to apply rights for sandbox");

        if (caph_enter() == -1)
                errx(EX_OSERR, "cap_enter() failed");
#endif

#ifndef __FreeBSD__
        illumos_priv_lock();
#endif

        /* Allocate per-VCPU resources. */
        mt_vmm_info = calloc(guest_ncpus, sizeof(*mt_vmm_info));
#ifndef __FreeBSD__
        vmentry = calloc(guest_ncpus, sizeof(*vmentry));
#endif

        /*
         * Add all vCPUs.
         */
        for (int vcpu = 0; vcpu < guest_ncpus; vcpu++) {
#ifdef  __FreeBSD__
                bool suspend = (vcpu != BSP);
#else
                bool suspend = vcpu == BSP &&
                    get_config_bool_default("suspend_at_boot", false);
#endif
                spinup_vcpu(ctx, vcpu, suspend);
        }

        /*
         * Head off to the main event dispatch loop
         */
        mevent_dispatch();

        exit(4);
}