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1 '\" te
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37 .TH FIND 1 "Sep 5, 2011"
38 .SH NAME
39 find \- find files
40 .SH SYNOPSIS
41 .LP
42 .nf
43 \fB/usr/bin/find\fR [\fB-E\fR] [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR] \fIpath\fR... \fIexpression\fR
44 .fi
46 .LP
47 .nf
48 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/find\fR [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR] \fIpath\fR... \fIexpression\fR
49 .fi
51 .SH DESCRIPTION
52 .sp
53 .LP
54 The \fBfind\fR utility recursively descends the directory hierarchy for each
55 \fIpath\fR seeking files that match a Boolean \fIexpression\fR written in the
56 primaries specified below.
57 .sp
58 .LP
59 \fBfind\fR is able to descend to arbitrary depths in a file hierarchy and does
60 not fail due to path length limitations (unless a \fIpath\fR operand specified
61 by the application exceeds \fIPATH_MAX\fR requirements).
62 .sp
63 .LP
64 \fBfind\fR detects infinite loops; that is, entering a previously visited
65 directory that is an ancestor of the last file encountered.
66 .SH OPTIONS
67 .sp
68 .LP
69 The following options are supported:
70 .sp
71 .ne 2
72 .na
73 \fB\fB-E\fR\fR
74 .ad
75 .RS 6n
76 Interpret regular expressions followed by \fB-regex\fR and \fB-iregex\fR
77 primaries as extended regular expressions.
78 .RE
80 .sp
81 .ne 2
82 .na
83 \fB\fB-H\fR\fR
84 .ad
85 .RS 6n
86 Causes the file information and file type evaluated for each symbolic link
87 encountered on the command line to be those of the file referenced by the link,
88 and not the link itself. If the referenced file does not exist, the file
89 information and type is for the link itself. File information for all symbolic
90 links not on the command line is that of the link itself.
91 .RE
93 .sp
94 .ne 2
95 .na
96 \fB\fB-L\fR\fR
97 .ad
98 .RS 6n
99 Causes the file information and file type evaluated for each symbolic link to
100 be those of the file referenced by the link, and not the link itself. See
101 \fBNOTES\fR.
102 .RE
104 .sp
105 .LP
106 Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options \fB-H\fR and
107 \fB-L\fR is not considered an error. The last option specified determines the
108 behavior of the utility.
109 .SH OPERANDS
110 .sp
111 .LP
112 The following operands are supported:
113 .sp
114 .ne 2
115 .na
116 \fB\fIpath\fR\fR
117 .ad
118 .RS 14n
119 A pathname of a starting point in the directory hierarchy.
120 .RE
122 .sp
123 .ne 2
124 .na
125 \fB\fIexpression\fR\fR
126 .ad
127 .RS 14n
128 The first argument that starts with a \fB\(mi\fR, or is a \fB!\fR or a \fB(\fR,
129 and all subsequent arguments are interpreted as an \fIexpression\fR made up of
130 the following primaries and operators. In the descriptions, wherever \fIn\fR is
131 used as a primary argument, it is interpreted as a decimal integer optionally
132 preceded by a plus (\fB+\fR) or minus (\fB\(mi\fR) sign, as follows:
133 .sp
134 .ne 2
135 .na
136 \fB+\fIn\fR\fR
137 .ad
138 .RS 6n
139 more than \fIn\fR
140 .RE
142 .sp
143 .ne 2
144 .na
145 \fB\fIn\fR\fR
146 .ad
147 .RS 6n
148 exactly \fIn\fR
149 .RE
151 .sp
152 .ne 2
153 .na
154 \fB-\fIn\fR\fR
155 .ad
156 .RS 6n
157 less than \fIn\fR
158 .RE
160 .RE
162 .SS "Expressions"
163 .sp
164 .LP
165 Valid expressions are:
166 .sp
167 .ne 2
168 .na
169 \fB\fB-acl\fR\fR
170 .ad
171 .RS 17n
172 True if the file have additional ACLs defined.
173 .RE
175 .sp
176 .ne 2
177 .na
178 \fB\fB-amin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
179 .ad
180 .RS 17n
181 File was last accessed \fIn\fR minutes ago.
182 .RE
184 .sp
185 .ne 2
186 .na
187 \fB\fB-atime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
188 .ad
189 .RS 17n
190 True if the file was accessed \fIn\fR days ago. The access time of directories
191 in \fIpath\fR is changed by \fBfind\fR itself.
192 .RE
194 .sp
195 .ne 2
196 .na
197 \fB\fB-cmin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
198 .ad
199 .RS 17n
200 File's status was last changed \fIn\fR minutes ago.
201 .RE
203 .sp
204 .ne 2
205 .na
206 \fB\fB-cpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
207 .ad
208 .RS 17n
209 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR format
210 (5120-byte records).
211 .RE
213 .sp
214 .ne 2
215 .na
216 \fB\fB-ctime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
217 .ad
218 .RS 17n
219 True if the file's status was changed \fIn\fR days ago.
220 .RE
222 .sp
223 .ne 2
224 .na
225 \fB\fB-depth\fR\fR
226 .ad
227 .RS 17n
228 Always true. Causes descent of the directory hierarchy to be done so that all
229 entries in a directory are acted on before the directory itself. This can be
230 useful when \fBfind\fR is used with \fBcpio\fR(1) to transfer files that are
231 contained in directories without write permission.
232 .RE
234 .sp
235 .ne 2
236 .na
237 \fB\fB-exec\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
238 .ad
239 .RS 17n
240 True if the executed command returns a zero value as exit status. The end of
241 command must be punctuated by an escaped semicolon (\fB;\fR). A command
242 argument \fB{}\fR is replaced by the current pathname. If the last argument to
243 \fB-exec\fR is \fB{}\fR and you specify \fB+\fR rather than the semicolon
244 (\fB;\fR), the command is invoked fewer times, with \fB{}\fR replaced by groups
245 of pathnames. If any invocation of the command returns a non-zero value as exit
246 status, find returns a non-zero exit status.
247 .RE
249 .sp
250 .ne 2
251 .na
252 \fB\fB-follow\fR\fR
253 .ad
254 .RS 17n
255 Always true and always evaluated no matter where it appears in
256 \fIexpression\fR. The behavior is unspecified if \fB-follow\fR is used when the
257 \fBfind\fR command is invoked with either the \fB-H\fR or the \fB-L\fR option.
258 Causes symbolic links to be followed. When following symbolic links, \fBfind\fR
259 keeps track of the directories visited so that it can detect infinite loops.
260 For example, such a loop would occur if a symbolic link pointed to an ancestor.
261 This expression should not be used with the find-type \fBl\fR expression. See
262 \fBNOTES\fR.
263 .RE
265 .sp
266 .ne 2
267 .na
268 \fB\fB-fstype\fR \fItype\fR\fR
269 .ad
270 .RS 17n
271 True if the filesystem to which the file belongs is of type \fItype\fR.
272 .RE
274 .sp
275 .ne 2
276 .na
277 \fB\fB-group\fR \fIgname\fR\fR
278 .ad
279 .RS 17n
280 True if the file belongs to the group \fIgname\fR. If \fIgname\fR is numeric
281 and there's no such group name, it is taken as a group \fBID\fR.
282 .RE
284 .sp
285 .ne 2
286 .na
287 \fB\fB-groupacl\fR \fIgname\fR\fR
288 .ad
289 .RS 17n
290 True if the file's ACL contains an entry for the group \fIgname\fR.
291 If \fIgname\fR is numeric and there's no such group name, it is taken
292 as a group \fBID\fR.
293 .RE
295 .sp
296 .ne 2
297 .na
298 \fB\fB-iname\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
299 .ad
300 .RS 17n
301 Like \fB-name\fR, but the match is case insensitive.
302 .RE
304 .sp
305 .ne 2
306 .na
307 \fB\fB-inum\fR \fIn\fR\fR
308 .ad
309 .RS 17n
310 True if the file has inode number \fIn\fR.
311 .RE
313 .sp
314 .ne 2
315 .na
316 \fB\fB-ipath\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
317 .ad
318 .RS 17n
319 Like \fB-path\fR, but the match is case insensitive.
320 .RE
322 .sp
323 .ne 2
324 .na
325 \fB\fB-iregex\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
326 .ad
327 .RS 17n
328 Like \fB-regex\fR, but the match is case insensitive.
329 .RE
331 .sp
332 .ne 2
333 .na
334 \fB\fB-links\fR \fIn\fR\fR
335 .ad
336 .RS 17n
337 True if the file has \fIn\fR links.
338 .RE
340 .sp
341 .ne 2
342 .na
343 \fB\fB-local\fR\fR
344 .ad
345 .RS 17n
346 True if the file system type is not a remote file system type as defined in the
347 \fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR file. \fBnfs\fR is used as the default remote filesystem
348 type if the \fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR file is not present. The \fB-local\fR option
349 descends the hierarchy of non-local directories. See \fBEXAMPLES\fR for an
350 example of how to search for local files without descending.
351 .RE
353 .sp
354 .ne 2
355 .na
356 \fB\fB-ls\fR\fR
357 .ad
358 .RS 17n
359 Always true. Prints current pathname together with its associated statistics.
360 These include (respectively):
361 .RS +4
362 .TP
363 .ie t \(bu
364 .el o
365 inode number
366 .RE
367 .RS +4
368 .TP
369 .ie t \(bu
370 .el o
371 size in kilobytes (1024 bytes)
372 .RE
373 .RS +4
374 .TP
375 .ie t \(bu
376 .el o
377 protection mode
378 .RE
379 .RS +4
380 .TP
381 .ie t \(bu
382 .el o
383 number of hard links
384 .RE
385 .RS +4
386 .TP
387 .ie t \(bu
388 .el o
389 user
390 .RE
391 .RS +4
392 .TP
393 .ie t \(bu
394 .el o
395 group
396 .RE
397 .RS +4
398 .TP
399 .ie t \(bu
400 .el o
401 size in bytes
402 .RE
403 .RS +4
404 .TP
405 .ie t \(bu
406 .el o
407 modification time.
408 .RE
409 If the file is a special file, the size field instead contains the major and
410 minor device numbers.
411 .sp
412 If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked-to file is printed
413 preceded by `\fB\(->\fR\&'. The format is identical to that of \fBls\fR
414 \fB-gilds\fR (see \fBls\fR(1B)).
415 .sp
416 Formatting is done internally, without executing the \fBls\fR program.
417 .RE
419 .sp
420 .ne 2
421 .na
422 \fB\fB-maxdepth\fR \fIn\fR\fR
423 .ad
424 .RS 17n
425 Always true; descend at most \fIn\fR directory levels below the command
426 line arguments. If any \fB-maxdepth\fR primary is specified, it
427 applies to the entire expression even if it would not normally be
428 evaluated. \fB-maxdepth 0\fR limits the whole search to
429 the command line arguments.
430 .RE
432 .sp
433 .ne 2
434 .na
435 \fB\fB-mindepth\fR \fIn\fR\fR
436 .ad
437 .RS 17n
438 Always true; do not apply any tests or actions at levels less
439 than \fIn\fR. If any \fB-mindepth\fR primary is specified, it applies to the
440 entire expression even if it would not normally be evaluated.
441 \fB-mindepth 1\fR processes all but the command line arguments.
442 .RE
444 .sp
445 .ne 2
446 .na
447 \fB\fB-mmin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
448 .ad
449 .RS 17n
450 File's data was last modified \fIn\fR minutes ago.
451 .RE
453 .sp
454 .ne 2
455 .na
456 \fB\fB-mount\fR\fR
457 .ad
458 .RS 17n
459 Always true. Restricts the search to the file system containing the directory
460 specified. Does not list mount points to other file systems.
461 .RE
463 .sp
464 .ne 2
465 .na
466 \fB\fB-mtime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
467 .ad
468 .RS 17n
469 True if the file's data was modified \fIn\fR days ago.
470 .RE
472 .sp
473 .ne 2
474 .na
475 \fB\fB-name\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
476 .ad
477 .RS 17n
478 True if \fIpattern\fR matches the basename of the current file name. Normal
479 shell file name generation characters (see \fBsh\fR(1)) can be used. A
480 backslash (\fB\|\e\|\fR) is used as an escape character within the pattern. The
481 pattern should be escaped or quoted when \fBfind\fR is invoked from the shell.
482 .sp
483 Unless the character '\fB\&.\fR' is explicitly specified in the beginning of
484 \fIpattern\fR, a current file name beginning with '\fB\&.\fR' does not match
485 \fIpattern\fR when using \fB/usr/bin/find\fR. \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/find\fR does not
486 make this distinction; wildcard file name generation characters can match file
487 names beginning with '\fB\&.\fR'.
488 .RE
490 .sp
491 .ne 2
492 .na
493 \fB\fB-ncpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
494 .ad
495 .RS 17n
496 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR \fB-c\fR
497 format (5120 byte records).
498 .RE
500 .sp
501 .ne 2
502 .na
503 \fB\fB-newer\fR \fIfile\fR\fR
504 .ad
505 .RS 17n
506 True if the current file has been modified more recently than the argument
507 \fIfile\fR.
508 .RE
510 .sp
511 .ne 2
512 .na
513 \fB\fB-nogroup\fR\fR
514 .ad
515 .RS 17n
516 True if the file belongs to non-existing group.
517 .RE
519 .sp
520 .ne 2
521 .na
522 \fB\fB-nouser\fR\fR
523 .ad
524 .RS 17n
525 True if the file belongs to non-existing user.
526 .RE
528 .sp
529 .ne 2
530 .na
531 \fB\fB-ok\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
532 .ad
533 .RS 17n
534 Like \fB-exec\fR, except that the generated command line is printed with a
535 question mark first, and is executed only if the response is affirmative.
536 .RE
538 .sp
539 .ne 2
540 .na
541 \fB\fB-path\fR\fR
542 .ad
543 .RS 17n
544 Like \fB-name\fR, but matches the entire file path and not just basename.
545 .RE
547 .sp
548 .ne 2
549 .na
550 \fB\fB-perm\fR [\fB-\fR]\fImode\fR\fR
551 .ad
552 .RS 17n
553 The \fImode\fR argument is used to represent file mode bits. It is identical in
554 format to the symbolic mode operand, \fIsymbolic_mode_list\fR, described in
555 \fBchmod\fR(1), and is interpreted as follows. To start, a template is assumed
556 with all file mode bits cleared. An \fIop\fR symbol of:
557 .sp
558 .ne 2
559 .na
560 \fB\fB+\fR\fR
561 .ad
562 .RS 8n
563 Set the appropriate mode bits in the template
564 .RE
566 .sp
567 .ne 2
568 .na
569 \fB\fB\(mi\fR\fR
570 .ad
571 .RS 8n
572 Clear the appropriate bits
573 .RE
575 .sp
576 .ne 2
577 .na
578 \fB\fB=\fR\fR
579 .ad
580 .RS 8n
581 Set the appropriate mode bits, without regard to the contents of the file mode
582 creation mask of the process
583 .RE
585 The \fIop\fR symbol of \fB\(mi\fR cannot be the first character of \fImode\fR,
586 to avoid ambiguity with the optional leading hyphen. Since the initial mode is
587 all bits off, there are no symbolic modes that need to use \fB\(mi\fR as the
588 first character.
589 .sp
590 If the hyphen is omitted, the primary evaluates as true when the file
591 permission bits exactly match the value of the resulting template.
592 .sp
593 Otherwise, if \fImode\fR is prefixed by a hyphen, the primary evaluates as true
594 if at least all the bits in the resulting template are set in the file
595 permission bits.
596 .RE
598 .sp
599 .ne 2
600 .na
601 \fB\fB-perm\fR [\fB-\fR]\fIonum\fR\fR
602 .ad
603 .RS 17n
604 True if the file permission flags exactly match the octal number \fIonum\fR
605 (see \fBchmod\fR(1)). If \fIonum\fR is prefixed by a minus sign (\fB\(mi\fR),
606 only the bits that are set in \fIonum\fR are compared with the file permission
607 flags, and the expression evaluates true if they match.
608 .RE
610 .sp
611 .ne 2
612 .na
613 \fB\fB-print\fR\fR
614 .ad
615 .RS 17n
616 Always true. Causes the current pathname to be printed.
617 .RE
619 .sp
620 .ne 2
621 .na
622 \fB\fB-print0\fR\fR
623 .ad
624 .RS 17n
625 Always true. Causes the current pathname to be printed, terminated by an ASCII
626 NUL character (character code 0) instead of a newline.
627 .RE
629 .sp
630 .ne 2
631 .na
632 \fB\fB-prune\fR\fR
633 .ad
634 .RS 17n
635 Always yields true. Does not examine any directories or files in the directory
636 structure below the \fIpattern\fR just matched. (See EXAMPLES). If \fB-depth\fR
637 is specified, \fB-prune\fR has no effect.
638 .RE
640 .sp
641 .ne 2
642 .na
643 \fB\fB-regex\fR \fIpattern\fR\fB
644 .ad
645 .RS 17n
646 True if the full path of the file matches \fIpattern\fR using regular
647 expressions.
648 .RE
650 .sp
651 .ne 2
652 .na
653 \fB\fB-size\fR \fIn\fR[\fBc\fR]\fR
654 .ad
655 .RS 17n
656 True if the file is \fIn\fR blocks long (512 bytes per block). If \fIn\fR is
657 followed by a \fBc\fR, the size is in bytes.
658 .RE
660 .sp
661 .ne 2
662 .na
663 \fB\fB-type\fR \fIc\fR\fR
664 .ad
665 .RS 17n
666 True if the type of the file is \fIc\fR, where \fIc\fR is \fBb\fR, \fBc\fR,
667 \fBd\fR, \fBD\fR, \fBf\fR, \fBl\fR, \fBp\fR, or \fBs\fR for block special file,
668 character special file, directory, door, plain file, symbolic link, fifo (named
669 pipe), or socket, respectively.
670 .RE
672 .sp
673 .ne 2
674 .na
675 \fB\fB-user\fR \fIuname\fR\fR
676 .ad
677 .RS 17n
678 True if the file belongs to the user \fIuname\fR. If \fIuname\fR is numeric and
679 there's no such user name, it is taken as a user \fBID\fR.
680 .RE
682 .sp
683 .ne 2
684 .na
685 \fB\fB-useracl\fR \fIuname\fR\fR
686 .ad
687 .RS 17n
688 True if the file's ACL contains an entry for the user \fIuname\fR.
689 If \fIuname\fR is numeric and there's no such user name, it is
690 taken as a user \fBID\fR.
691 .RE
693 .sp
694 .ne 2
695 .na
696 \fB\fB-xdev\fR\fR
697 .ad
698 .RS 17n
699 Same as the \fB-mount\fR primary.
700 .RE
702 .sp
703 .ne 2
704 .na
705 \fB\fB-xattr\fR\fR
706 .ad
707 .RS 17n
708 True if the file has extended attributes.
709 .RE
711 .SS "Complex Expressions"
712 .sp
713 .LP
714 The primaries can be combined using the following operators (in order of
715 decreasing precedence):
716 .sp
717 .ne 2
718 .na
719 \fB1)\fB(\fR\fIexpression\fR\fB)\fR\fR
720 .ad
721 .sp .6
722 .RS 4n
723 True if the parenthesized expression is true (parentheses are special to the
724 shell and must be escaped).
725 .RE
727 .sp
728 .ne 2
729 .na
730 \fB2)\fB!\fR\fIexpression\fR\fR
731 .ad
732 .sp .6
733 .RS 4n
734 The negation of a primary (\fB!\fR is the unary \fInot\fR operator).
735 .RE
737 .sp
738 .ne 2
739 .na
740 \fB3) \fIexpression\fR\fB[\fR\fB-a\fR\fB]\fR \fIexpression\fR\fR
741 .ad
742 .sp .6
743 .RS 4n
744 Concatenation of primaries (the \fIand\fR operation is implied by the
745 juxtaposition of two primaries).
746 .RE
748 .sp
749 .ne 2
750 .na
751 \fB4) \fIexpression\fR\fB\fR\fB-o\fR\fIexpression\fR\fR
752 .ad
753 .sp .6
754 .RS 4n
755 Alternation of primaries (\fB-o\fR is the \fIor\fR operator).
756 .RE
758 .sp
759 .LP
760 When you use \fBfind\fR in conjunction with \fBcpio\fR, if you use the \fB-L\fR
761 option with \fBcpio\fR, you must use the \fB-L\fR option or the \fB-follow\fR
762 primitive with \fBfind\fR and vice versa. Otherwise the results are
763 unspecified.
764 .sp
765 .LP
766 If no \fIexpression\fR is present, \fB-print\fR is used as the expression.
767 Otherwise, if the specified expression does not contain any of the primaries
768 \fB-exec\fR, \fB-ok\fR, \fB-ls\fR, or \fB-print\fR, the specified expression is
769 effectively replaced by:
770 .sp
771 .LP
772 (\fIspecified\fR) \fB-print\fR
773 .sp
774 .LP
775 The \fB-user\fR, \fB-group\fR, and \fB-newer\fR primaries each evaluate their
776 respective arguments only once. Invocation of \fIcommand\fR specified by
777 \fB-exec\fR or \fB-ok\fR does not affect subsequent primaries on the same file.
778 .SH USAGE
779 .sp
780 .LP
781 See \fBlargefile\fR(5) for the description of the behavior of \fBfind\fR when
782 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte (2^31 bytes).
783 .SH EXAMPLES
784 .LP
785 \fBExample 1 \fRWriting Out the Hierarchy Directory
786 .sp
787 .LP
788 The following commands are equivalent:
790 .sp
791 .in +2
792 .nf
793 example% \fBfind .\fR
794 example% \fBfind . -print\fR
795 .fi
796 .in -2
797 .sp
799 .sp
800 .LP
801 They both write out the entire directory hierarchy from the current directory.
803 .LP
804 \fBExample 2 \fRRemoving Files
805 .sp
806 .LP
807 The following comand removes all files in your home directory named \fBa.out\fR
808 or \fB*.o\fR that have not been accessed for a week:
810 .sp
811 .in +2
812 .nf
813 example% \fBfind $HOME \e( -name a.out -o -name '*.o' \e) \e
814 -atime +7 -exec rm {} \e;\fR
815 .fi
816 .in -2
817 .sp
819 .LP
820 \fBExample 3 \fRPrinting All File Names But Skipping SCCS Directories
821 .sp
822 .LP
823 The following command recursively print all file names in the current directory
824 and below, but skipping \fBSCCS\fR directories:
826 .sp
827 .in +2
828 .nf
829 example% \fBfind . -name SCCS -prune -o -print\fR
830 .fi
831 .in -2
832 .sp
834 .LP
835 \fBExample 4 \fRPrinting all file names and the SCCS directory name
836 .sp
837 .LP
838 Recursively print all file names in the current directory and below, skipping
839 the contents of \fBSCCS\fR directories, but printing out the \fBSCCS\fR
840 directory name:
842 .sp
843 .in +2
844 .nf
845 example% \fBfind . -print -name SCCS -prune\fR
846 .fi
847 .in -2
848 .sp
850 .LP
851 \fBExample 5 \fRTesting for the Newer File
852 .sp
853 .LP
854 The following command is basically equivalent to the \fB-nt\fR extension to
855 \fBtest\fR(1):
857 .sp
858 .in +2
859 .nf
860 example$ \fBif [ -n "$(find
861 file1 -prune -newer file2)" ]; then
863 printf %s\e\en "file1 is newer than file2"\fR
864 .fi
865 .in -2
866 .sp
868 .LP
869 \fBExample 6 \fRSelecting a File Using 24-hour Mode
870 .sp
871 .LP
872 The descriptions of \fB-atime\fR, \fB-ctime\fR, and \fB-mtime\fR use the
873 terminology \fIn\fR ``24-hour periods''. For example, a file accessed at 23:59
874 is selected by:
876 .sp
877 .in +2
878 .nf
879 example% \fBfind . -atime -1 -print\fR
880 .fi
881 .in -2
882 .sp
884 .sp
885 .LP
886 at 00:01 the next day (less than 24 hours later, not more than one day ago).
887 The midnight boundary between days has no effect on the 24-hour calculation.
889 .LP
890 \fBExample 7 \fRPrinting Files Matching a User's Permission Mode
891 .sp
892 .LP
893 The following command recursively print all file names whose permission mode
894 exactly matches read, write, and execute access for user, and read and execute
895 access for group and other:
897 .sp
898 .in +2
899 .nf
900 example% \fBfind . -perm u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx\fR
901 .fi
902 .in -2
903 .sp
905 .sp
906 .LP
907 The above could alternatively be specified as follows:
909 .sp
910 .in +2
911 .nf
912 example% \fBfind . -perm a=rwx,g-w,o-w\fR
913 .fi
914 .in -2
915 .sp
917 .LP
918 \fBExample 8 \fRPrinting Files with Write Access for \fBother\fR
919 .sp
920 .LP
921 The following command recursively print all file names whose permission
922 includes, but is not limited to, write access for other:
924 .sp
925 .in +2
926 .nf
927 example% \fBfind . -perm -o+w\fR
928 .fi
929 .in -2
930 .sp
932 .LP
933 \fBExample 9 \fRPrinting Local Files without Descending Non-local Directories
934 .sp
935 .in +2
936 .nf
937 example% \fBfind . ! -local -prune -o -print\fR
938 .fi
939 .in -2
940 .sp
942 .LP
943 \fBExample 10 \fRPrinting the Files in the Name Space Possessing Extended
944 Attributes
945 .sp
946 .in +2
947 .nf
948 example% \fBfind . -xattr\fR
949 .fi
950 .in -2
951 .sp
953 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
954 .sp
955 .LP
956 See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
957 that affect the execution of \fBfind\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR,
958 \fBLC_COLLATE\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR.
959 .sp
960 .ne 2
961 .na
962 \fB\fBPATH\fR\fR
963 .ad
964 .RS 8n
965 Determine the location of the \fIutility_name\fR for the \fB-exec\fR and
966 \fB-ok\fR primaries.
967 .RE
969 .sp
970 .LP
971 Affirmative responses are processed using the extended regular expression
972 defined for the \fByesexpr\fR keyword in the \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR category of the
973 user's locale. The locale specified in the \fBLC_COLLATE\fR category defines
974 the behavior of ranges, equivalence classes, and multi-character collating
975 elements used in the expression defined for \fByesexpr\fR. The locale specified
976 in \fBLC_CTYPE\fR determines the locale for interpretation of sequences of
977 bytes of text data a characters, the behavior of character classes used in the
978 expression defined for the \fByesexpr\fR. See \fBlocale\fR(5).
979 .SH EXIT STATUS
980 .sp
981 .LP
982 The following exit values are returned:
983 .sp
984 .ne 2
985 .na
986 \fB\fB0\fR\fR
987 .ad
988 .RS 6n
989 All \fIpath\fR operands were traversed successfully.
990 .RE
992 .sp
993 .ne 2
994 .na
995 \fB\fB>0\fR\fR
996 .ad
997 .RS 6n
998 An error occurred.
999 .RE
1001 .SH FILES
1002 .sp
1003 .ne 2
1004 .na
1005 \fB\fB/etc/passwd\fR\fR
1006 .ad
1007 .RS 20n
1008 Password file
1009 .RE
1011 .sp
1012 .ne 2
1013 .na
1014 \fB\fB/etc/group\fR\fR
1015 .ad
1016 .RS 20n
1017 Group file
1018 .RE
1020 .sp
1021 .ne 2
1022 .na
1023 \fB\fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR\fR
1024 .ad
1025 .RS 20n
1026 File that registers distributed file system packages
1027 .RE
1029 .SH ATTRIBUTES
1030 .sp
1031 .LP
1032 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
1033 .sp
1035 .sp
1036 .TS
1037 box;
1038 c | c
1039 l | l .
1040 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
1041 _
1042 CSI Enabled
1043 _
1044 Interface Stability Committed
1045 _
1046 Standard See \fBstandards\fR(5).
1047 .TE
1049 .SH SEE ALSO
1050 .sp
1051 .LP
1052 \fBchmod\fR(1), \fBcpio\fR(1), \fBsh\fR(1), \fBtest\fR(1), \fBls\fR(1B),
1053 \fBacl\fR(5), \fBregex\fR(5), \fBstat\fR(2), \fBumask\fR(2),
1054 \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5), \fBfsattr\fR(5), \fBlargefile\fR(5),
1055 \fBlocale\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5)
1056 .SH WARNINGS
1057 .sp
1058 .LP
1059 The following options are obsolete and will not be supported in future
1060 releases:
1061 .sp
1062 .ne 2
1063 .na
1064 \fB\fB-cpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
1065 .ad
1066 .RS 17n
1067 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR format
1068 (5120-byte records).
1069 .RE
1071 .sp
1072 .ne 2
1073 .na
1074 \fB\fB-ncpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
1075 .ad
1076 .RS 17n
1077 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR \fB-c\fR
1078 format (5120-byte records).
1079 .RE
1081 .SH NOTES
1082 .sp
1083 .LP
1084 When using \fBfind\fR to determine files modified within a range of time, use
1085 the \fB-mtime\fR argument \fBbefore\fR the \fB-print\fR argument. Otherwise,
1086 \fBfind\fR gives all files.
1087 .sp
1088 .LP
1089 Some files that might be under the Solaris root file system are actually mount
1090 points for virtual file systems, such as \fBmntfs\fR or \fBnamefs\fR. When
1091 comparing against a \fBufs\fR file system, such files are not selected if
1092 \fB-mount\fR or \fB-xdev\fR is specified in the \fBfind\fR expression.
1093 .sp
1094 .LP
1095 Using the \fB-L\fR or \fB-follow\fR option is not recommended when descending a
1096 file-system hierarchy that is under the control of other users. In particular,
1097 when using \fB-exec\fR, symbolic links can lead the \fBfind\fR command out of
1098 the hierarchy in which it started. Using \fB-type\fR is not sufficient to
1099 restrict the type of files on which the \fB-exec\fR command operates, because
1100 there is an inherent race condition between the type-check performed by the
1101 \fBfind\fR command and the time the executed command operates on the file
1102 argument.