Introduce reference-counted kobjects

[helenos.git] / kernel / generic / src / proc / task.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2010 Jakub Jermar
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/** @addtogroup genericproc
 * @{
 */

/**
 * @file
 * @brief Task management.
 */

#include <assert.h>
#include <proc/thread.h>
#include <proc/task.h>
#include <mm/as.h>
#include <mm/slab.h>
#include <atomic.h>
#include <synch/futex.h>
#include <synch/spinlock.h>
#include <synch/waitq.h>
#include <arch.h>
#include <arch/barrier.h>
#include <adt/avl.h>
#include <adt/btree.h>
#include <adt/list.h>
#include <cap/cap.h>
#include <ipc/ipc.h>
#include <ipc/ipcrsc.h>
#include <ipc/event.h>
#include <print.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <func.h>
#include <str.h>
#include <syscall/copy.h>
#include <macros.h>

/** Spinlock protecting the tasks_tree AVL tree. */
IRQ_SPINLOCK_INITIALIZE(tasks_lock);

/** AVL tree of active tasks.
 *
 * The task is guaranteed to exist after it was found in the tasks_tree as
 * long as:
 *
 * @li the tasks_lock is held,
 * @li the task's lock is held when task's lock is acquired before releasing
 *     tasks_lock or
 * @li the task's refcount is greater than 0
 *
 */
avltree_t tasks_tree;

static task_id_t task_counter = 0;

static slab_cache_t *task_slab;

/* Forward declarations. */
static void task_kill_internal(task_t *);
static int tsk_constructor(void *, unsigned int);
static size_t tsk_destructor(void *obj);

/** Initialize kernel tasks support.
 *
 */
void task_init(void)
{
        TASK = NULL;
        avltree_create(&tasks_tree);
        task_slab = slab_cache_create("task_t", sizeof(task_t), 0,
            tsk_constructor, tsk_destructor, 0);
}

/** Task finish walker.
 *
 * The idea behind this walker is to kill and count all tasks different from
 * TASK.
 *
 */
static bool task_done_walker(avltree_node_t *node, void *arg)
{
        task_t *task = avltree_get_instance(node, task_t, tasks_tree_node);
        size_t *cnt = (size_t *) arg;
        
        if (task != TASK) {
                (*cnt)++;
                
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG
                printf("[%"PRIu64"] ", task->taskid);
#endif
                
                task_kill_internal(task);
        }
        
        /* Continue the walk */
        return true;
}

/** Kill all tasks except the current task.
 *
 */
void task_done(void)
{
        size_t tasks_left;

        if (ipc_phone_0) {
                task_t *task_0 = ipc_phone_0->task;
                ipc_phone_0 = NULL;
                /*
                 * The first task is held by kinit(), we need to release it or
                 * it will never finish cleanup.
                 */
                task_release(task_0);
        }
        
        /* Repeat until there are any tasks except TASK */
        do {
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG
                printf("Killing tasks... ");
#endif
                
                irq_spinlock_lock(&tasks_lock, true);
                tasks_left = 0;
                avltree_walk(&tasks_tree, task_done_walker, &tasks_left);
                irq_spinlock_unlock(&tasks_lock, true);
                
                thread_sleep(1);
                
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG
                printf("\n");
#endif
        } while (tasks_left > 0);
}

int tsk_constructor(void *obj, unsigned int kmflags)
{
        task_t *task = (task_t *) obj;
        
        atomic_set(&task->refcount, 0);
        atomic_set(&task->lifecount, 0);
        
        irq_spinlock_initialize(&task->lock, "task_t_lock");
        
        list_initialize(&task->threads);
        
        caps_task_alloc(task);
        
        ipc_answerbox_init(&task->answerbox, task);
        
        spinlock_initialize(&task->active_calls_lock, "active_calls_lock");
        list_initialize(&task->active_calls);
                
#ifdef CONFIG_UDEBUG
        /* Init kbox stuff */
        task->kb.thread = NULL;
        ipc_answerbox_init(&task->kb.box, task);
        mutex_initialize(&task->kb.cleanup_lock, MUTEX_PASSIVE);
#endif
        
        return 0;
}

size_t tsk_destructor(void *obj)
{
        task_t *task = (task_t *) obj;
        
        caps_task_free(task);
        return 0;
}

/** Create new task with no threads.
 *
 * @param as   Task's address space.
 * @param name Symbolic name (a copy is made).
 *
 * @return New task's structure.
 *
 */
task_t *task_create(as_t *as, const char *name)
{
        task_t *task = (task_t *) slab_alloc(task_slab, 0);
        task_create_arch(task);
        
        task->as = as;
        str_cpy(task->name, TASK_NAME_BUFLEN, name);
        
        task->container = CONTAINER;
        task->perms = 0;
        task->ucycles = 0;
        task->kcycles = 0;

        caps_task_init(task);

        task->ipc_info.call_sent = 0;
        task->ipc_info.call_received = 0;
        task->ipc_info.answer_sent = 0;
        task->ipc_info.answer_received = 0;
        task->ipc_info.irq_notif_received = 0;
        task->ipc_info.forwarded = 0;

        event_task_init(task);
        
        task->answerbox.active = true;

#ifdef CONFIG_UDEBUG
        /* Init debugging stuff */
        udebug_task_init(&task->udebug);
        
        /* Init kbox stuff */
        task->kb.box.active = true;
        task->kb.finished = false;
#endif
        
        if ((ipc_phone_0) &&
            (container_check(ipc_phone_0->task->container, task->container))) {
                cap_handle_t phone_handle = phone_alloc(task);
                kobject_t *phone_obj = kobject_get(task, phone_handle,
                    KOBJECT_TYPE_PHONE);
                (void) ipc_phone_connect(phone_obj->phone, ipc_phone_0);
        }
        
        futex_task_init(task);
        
        /*
         * Get a reference to the address space.
         */
        as_hold(task->as);
        
        irq_spinlock_lock(&tasks_lock, true);
        
        task->taskid = ++task_counter;
        avltree_node_initialize(&task->tasks_tree_node);
        task->tasks_tree_node.key = task->taskid;
        avltree_insert(&tasks_tree, &task->tasks_tree_node);
        
        irq_spinlock_unlock(&tasks_lock, true);
        
        return task;
}

/** Destroy task.
 *
 * @param task Task to be destroyed.
 *
 */
void task_destroy(task_t *task)
{
        /*
         * Remove the task from the task B+tree.
         */
        irq_spinlock_lock(&tasks_lock, true);
        avltree_delete(&tasks_tree, &task->tasks_tree_node);
        irq_spinlock_unlock(&tasks_lock, true);
        
        /*
         * Perform architecture specific task destruction.
         */
        task_destroy_arch(task);
        
        /*
         * Free up dynamically allocated state.
         */
        futex_task_deinit(task);
        
        /*
         * Drop our reference to the address space.
         */
        as_release(task->as);
        
        slab_free(task_slab, task);
}

/** Hold a reference to a task.
 *
 * Holding a reference to a task prevents destruction of that task.
 *
 * @param task Task to be held.
 *
 */
void task_hold(task_t *task)
{
        atomic_inc(&task->refcount);
}

/** Release a reference to a task.
 *
 * The last one to release a reference to a task destroys the task.
 *
 * @param task Task to be released.
 *
 */
void task_release(task_t *task)
{
        if ((atomic_predec(&task->refcount)) == 0)
                task_destroy(task);
}

#ifdef __32_BITS__

/** Syscall for reading task ID from userspace (32 bits)
 *
 * @param uspace_taskid Pointer to user-space buffer
 *                      where to store current task ID.
 *
 * @return Zero on success or an error code from @ref errno.h.
 *
 */
sysarg_t sys_task_get_id(sysarg64_t *uspace_taskid)
{
        /*
         * No need to acquire lock on TASK because taskid remains constant for
         * the lifespan of the task.
         */
        return (sysarg_t) copy_to_uspace(uspace_taskid, &TASK->taskid,
            sizeof(TASK->taskid));
}

#endif  /* __32_BITS__ */

#ifdef __64_BITS__

/** Syscall for reading task ID from userspace (64 bits)
 *
 * @return Current task ID.
 *
 */
sysarg_t sys_task_get_id(void)
{
        /*
         * No need to acquire lock on TASK because taskid remains constant for
         * the lifespan of the task.
         */
        return TASK->taskid;
}

#endif  /* __64_BITS__ */

/** Syscall for setting the task name.
 *
 * The name simplifies identifying the task in the task list.
 *
 * @param name The new name for the task. (typically the same
 *             as the command used to execute it).
 *
 * @return 0 on success or an error code from @ref errno.h.
 *
 */
sysarg_t sys_task_set_name(const char *uspace_name, size_t name_len)
{
        char namebuf[TASK_NAME_BUFLEN];
        
        /* Cap length of name and copy it from userspace. */
        if (name_len > TASK_NAME_BUFLEN - 1)
                name_len = TASK_NAME_BUFLEN - 1;
        
        int rc = copy_from_uspace(namebuf, uspace_name, name_len);
        if (rc != 0)
                return (sysarg_t) rc;
        
        namebuf[name_len] = '\0';
        
        /*
         * As the task name is referenced also from the
         * threads, lock the threads' lock for the course
         * of the update.
         */
        
        irq_spinlock_lock(&tasks_lock, true);
        irq_spinlock_lock(&TASK->lock, false);
        irq_spinlock_lock(&threads_lock, false);
        
        /* Set task name */
        str_cpy(TASK->name, TASK_NAME_BUFLEN, namebuf);
        
        irq_spinlock_unlock(&threads_lock, false);
        irq_spinlock_unlock(&TASK->lock, false);
        irq_spinlock_unlock(&tasks_lock, true);
        
        return EOK;
}

/** Syscall to forcefully terminate a task
 *
 * @param uspace_taskid Pointer to task ID in user space.
 *
 * @return 0 on success or an error code from @ref errno.h.
 *
 */
sysarg_t sys_task_kill(task_id_t *uspace_taskid)
{
        task_id_t taskid;
        int rc = copy_from_uspace(&taskid, uspace_taskid, sizeof(taskid));
        if (rc != 0)
                return (sysarg_t) rc;
        
        return (sysarg_t) task_kill(taskid);
}

/** Find task structure corresponding to task ID.
 *
 * The tasks_lock must be already held by the caller of this function and
 * interrupts must be disabled.
 *
 * @param id Task ID.
 *
 * @return Task structure address or NULL if there is no such task ID.
 *
 */
task_t *task_find_by_id(task_id_t id)
{
        assert(interrupts_disabled());
        assert(irq_spinlock_locked(&tasks_lock));

        avltree_node_t *node =
            avltree_search(&tasks_tree, (avltree_key_t) id);
        
        if (node)
                return avltree_get_instance(node, task_t, tasks_tree_node);
        
        return NULL;
}

/** Get accounting data of given task.
 *
 * Note that task lock of 'task' must be already held and interrupts must be
 * already disabled.
 *
 * @param task    Pointer to the task.
 * @param ucycles Out pointer to sum of all user cycles.
 * @param kcycles Out pointer to sum of all kernel cycles.
 *
 */
void task_get_accounting(task_t *task, uint64_t *ucycles, uint64_t *kcycles)
{
        assert(interrupts_disabled());
        assert(irq_spinlock_locked(&task->lock));

        /* Accumulated values of task */
        uint64_t uret = task->ucycles;
        uint64_t kret = task->kcycles;
        
        /* Current values of threads */
        list_foreach(task->threads, th_link, thread_t, thread) {
                irq_spinlock_lock(&thread->lock, false);
                
                /* Process only counted threads */
                if (!thread->uncounted) {
                        if (thread == THREAD) {
                                /* Update accounting of current thread */
                                thread_update_accounting(false);
                        }
                        
                        uret += thread->ucycles;
                        kret += thread->kcycles;
                }
                
                irq_spinlock_unlock(&thread->lock, false);
        }
        
        *ucycles = uret;
        *kcycles = kret;
}

static void task_kill_internal(task_t *task)
{
        irq_spinlock_lock(&task->lock, false);
        irq_spinlock_lock(&threads_lock, false);
        
        /*
         * Interrupt all threads.
         */
        
        list_foreach(task->threads, th_link, thread_t, thread) {
                bool sleeping = false;
                
                irq_spinlock_lock(&thread->lock, false);
                
                thread->interrupted = true;
                if (thread->state == Sleeping)
                        sleeping = true;
                
                irq_spinlock_unlock(&thread->lock, false);
                
                if (sleeping)
                        waitq_interrupt_sleep(thread);
        }
        
        irq_spinlock_unlock(&threads_lock, false);
        irq_spinlock_unlock(&task->lock, false);
}

/** Kill task.
 *
 * This function is idempotent.
 * It signals all the task's threads to bail it out.
 *
 * @param id ID of the task to be killed.
 *
 * @return Zero on success or an error code from errno.h.
 *
 */
int task_kill(task_id_t id)
{
        if (id == 1)
                return EPERM;
        
        irq_spinlock_lock(&tasks_lock, true);
        
        task_t *task = task_find_by_id(id);
        if (!task) {
                irq_spinlock_unlock(&tasks_lock, true);
                return ENOENT;
        }
        
        task_kill_internal(task);
        irq_spinlock_unlock(&tasks_lock, true);
        
        return EOK;
}

/** Kill the currently running task.
 *
 * @param notify Send out fault notifications.
 *
 * @return Zero on success or an error code from errno.h.
 *
 */
void task_kill_self(bool notify)
{
        /*
         * User space can subscribe for FAULT events to take action
         * whenever a task faults (to take a dump, run a debugger, etc.).
         * The notification is always available, but unless udebug is enabled,
         * that's all you get.
        */
        if (notify) {
                /* Notify the subscriber that a fault occurred. */
                if (event_notify_3(EVENT_FAULT, false, LOWER32(TASK->taskid),
                    UPPER32(TASK->taskid), (sysarg_t) THREAD) == EOK) {
#ifdef CONFIG_UDEBUG
                        /* Wait for a debugging session. */
                        udebug_thread_fault();
#endif
                }
        }
        
        irq_spinlock_lock(&tasks_lock, true);
        task_kill_internal(TASK);
        irq_spinlock_unlock(&tasks_lock, true);
        
        thread_exit();
}

/** Process syscall to terminate the current task.
 *
 * @param notify Send out fault notifications.
 *
 */
sysarg_t sys_task_exit(sysarg_t notify)
{
        task_kill_self(notify);
        
        /* Unreachable */
        return EOK;
}

static bool task_print_walker(avltree_node_t *node, void *arg)
{
        bool *additional = (bool *) arg;
        task_t *task = avltree_get_instance(node, task_t, tasks_tree_node);
        irq_spinlock_lock(&task->lock, false);
        
        uint64_t ucycles;
        uint64_t kcycles;
        char usuffix, ksuffix;
        task_get_accounting(task, &ucycles, &kcycles);
        order_suffix(ucycles, &ucycles, &usuffix);
        order_suffix(kcycles, &kcycles, &ksuffix);
        
#ifdef __32_BITS__
        if (*additional)
                printf("%-8" PRIu64 " %9" PRIua, task->taskid,
                    atomic_get(&task->refcount));
        else
                printf("%-8" PRIu64 " %-14s %-5" PRIu32 " %10p %10p"
                    " %9" PRIu64 "%c %9" PRIu64 "%c\n", task->taskid,
                    task->name, task->container, task, task->as,
                    ucycles, usuffix, kcycles, ksuffix);
#endif
        
#ifdef __64_BITS__
        if (*additional)
                printf("%-8" PRIu64 " %9" PRIu64 "%c %9" PRIu64 "%c "
                    "%9" PRIua "\n", task->taskid, ucycles, usuffix, kcycles,
                    ksuffix, atomic_get(&task->refcount));
        else
                printf("%-8" PRIu64 " %-14s %-5" PRIu32 " %18p %18p\n",
                    task->taskid, task->name, task->container, task, task->as);
#endif
        
        irq_spinlock_unlock(&task->lock, false);
        return true;
}

/** Print task list
 *
 * @param additional Print additional information.
 *
 */
void task_print_list(bool additional)
{
        /* Messing with task structures, avoid deadlock */
        irq_spinlock_lock(&tasks_lock, true);
        
#ifdef __32_BITS__
        if (additional)
                printf("[id    ] [threads] [calls] [callee\n");
        else
                printf("[id    ] [name        ] [ctn] [address ] [as      ]"
                    " [ucycles ] [kcycles ]\n");
#endif
        
#ifdef __64_BITS__
        if (additional)
                printf("[id    ] [ucycles ] [kcycles ] [threads] [calls]"
                    " [callee\n");
        else
                printf("[id    ] [name        ] [ctn] [address         ]"
                    " [as              ]\n");
#endif
        
        avltree_walk(&tasks_tree, task_print_walker, &additional);
        
        irq_spinlock_unlock(&tasks_lock, true);
}

/** @}
 */