3 NETWORK WORKING GROUP N. Williams
5 Expires: December 30, 2004 July 2004
8 A PRF for the Kerberos V GSS-API Mechanism
9 draft-ietf-kitten-krb5-gssapi-prf-01.txt
13 By submitting this Internet-Draft, I certify that any applicable
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34 This Internet-Draft will expire on December 30, 2004.
38 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved.
42 This document defines the Pseudo-Random Function (PRF) for the
43 Kerberos V mechanism for the Generic Security Service Application
44 Programming Interface (GSS-API), based on the PRF defined for the
45 Kerberos V cryptographic framework, for keying application protocols
46 given an established Kerberos V GSS-API security context.
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62 1. Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
63 2. Kerberos V GSS Mechanism PRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
64 3. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
65 4. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
66 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
67 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . 7
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116 1. Conventions used in this document
118 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
119 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
120 document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
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172 2. Kerberos V GSS Mechanism PRF
174 The GSS-API PRF [GSS-PRF] function for the Kerberos V mechanism [CFX]
175 shall be the output of a PRF+ function based on the enctype's PRF
176 function keyed with the negotiated session key of the security
177 context and key usage X (TBD).
179 The security context MUST be fully established, else the mechanism
180 MUST fail with GSS_S_FAILURE as the major status code and
181 GSS_KRB5_S_KG_CTX_INCOMPLETE as the minor status code.
183 This PRF+ MUST be keyed with a key derived, with key usage (TBD),
184 from the session used by the initiator and acceptor, after the
185 security context is fully established, to derive keys for per-message
186 tokens. For the current Kerberos V mechanism [CFX] this means that
187 the PRF+ MUST be keyed with the acceptor-asserted subkey, if it did
188 assert such a key, or the initiator's sub-session key otherwise.
190 The PRF+ function is a simple counter-based extension of the Kerberos
191 V pseudo-random function [KRB5-CRYPTO] for the enctype of the
192 security context's keys:
194 PRF+(K, L, S) = truncate(L, T1 || T2 || .. || Tn)
196 Tn = pseudo-random-function(K, n || S)
198 where '||' is the concatenation operator, 'n' is encoded as a
199 network byte order 32-bit unsigned binary number, and where
200 truncate(L, S) truncates the input octet string S to length L.
202 The maximum output size of the Kerberos V mechanism's GSS-API PRF
203 then is, necessarily, 2^32 octets.
205 Implementations MUST support output size of up to 2^14 octets at
208 If the implementation cannot produce the desired output then it MUST
211 The minimum input octet string length that implementations MUST
212 support is also 2^14 octets. If the input octet string is longer
213 than the maximum that an implementation can process then the
214 implementation MUST fail with GSS_S_FAILURE as the major status code
215 and GSS_KRB5_S_KG_INPUT_TOO_LONG as the minor status code.
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228 3. Security Considerations
230 Kerberos V enctypes' PRF functions use a key derived from contexts'
231 session keys and should preserve the forward security properties of
232 the mechanisms' key exchanges.
234 Legacy Kerberos V enctypes may be weak, particularly the single-DES
237 See also [GSS-PRF] for generic security considerations of
240 The computational cost of computing this PRF+ may vary depending on
241 the Kerberos V enctypes being used, but generally the computation of
242 this PRF+ gets more expensive as the input and output octet string
243 lengths grow (note that the use of a counter in the PRF+ construction
244 allows for parallelization). This means that if an application can
245 be tricked into providing very large input octet strings and
246 requesting very long output octet strings then that may constitue a
247 denial of service attack on the application; therefore applications
248 SHOULD place appropriate limits on the size of any input octet
249 strings received from their peers without integrity protection.
251 4 Normative References
253 [CFX] Zhu, L., Jaganathan, K. and S. Hartman, "The Kerberos
254 Version 5 GSS-API Mechanism: Version 2".
256 [GSS-PRF] Williams, N., "A PRF API extension for the GSS-API".
259 Raeburn, K., "Encryption and Checksum Specifications for
262 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
263 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
265 [RFC2743] Linn, J., "Generic Security Service Application Program
266 Interface Version 2, Update 1", RFC 2743, January 2000.
268 [RFC2744] Wray, J., "Generic Security Service API Version 2 :
269 C-bindings", RFC 2744, January 2000.
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288 EMail: Nicolas.Williams@sun.com
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340 Intellectual Property Statement
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