1 NETWORK WORKING GROUP L. Zhu
2 Internet-Draft P. Leach
3 Obsoletes: 2478 (if approved) K. Jaganathan
4 Expires: May 22, 2005 Microsoft Corporation
12 The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
13 draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-00
17 This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions
18 of section 3 of RFC 3667. By submitting this Internet-Draft, each
19 author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of
20 which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of
21 which he or she become aware will be disclosed, in accordance with
24 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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34 The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
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40 This Internet-Draft will expire on May 22, 2005.
44 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).
48 This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
49 Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) which is
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58 described in RFC 2743.
60 GSS-API peers can use this negotiation mechanism to choose from a
61 common set of security mechanisms.
65 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
66 2. Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
67 3. Negotiation Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
68 3.1 Negotiation Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
69 3.2 Negotiation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
70 4. Token Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
71 4.1 Mechanism Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
72 4.2 Negotiation Tokens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
73 4.2.1 negTokenInit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
74 4.2.2 negTokenResp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
75 5. Processing of mechListMIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
76 6. Extensibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
77 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
78 8. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
79 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
80 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
81 A. GSS-API Negotiation Support API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
82 A.1 GSS_Set_neg_mechs call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
83 A.2 GSS_Get_neg_mechs call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
84 B. Changes since RFC2478 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
85 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . 22
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116 The GSS-API [RFC2743] provides a generic interface which can be
117 layered atop different security mechanisms such that if communicating
118 peers acquire GSS-API credentials for the same security mechanism,
119 then a security context may be established between them (subject to
120 policy). However, GSS-API doesn't prescribe the method by which
121 GSS-API peers can establish whether they have a common security
124 The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation (SPNEGO) mechanism
125 defined here is a pseudo security mechanism, represented by the
126 Object Identifier iso.org.dod.internet.security.mechanism.snego
127 (1.3.6.1.5.5.2), which enables GSS-API peers to determine in-band
128 whether their credentials share common GSS-API security mechanism(s),
129 and if so, to invoke normal security context establishment for a
130 selected common security mechanism. This is most useful for
131 applications that are based on GSS-API implementations and multiple
132 mechanisms are shared between the peers.
134 The SPNEGO mechanism negotiation is based on the following
135 negotiation model: the initiator proposes a list of security
136 mechanism(s), in its preference order (favorite choice first), the
137 acceptor (also known as the target) either accepts the initiator's
138 preferred security mechanism (the first in the list), or chooses one
139 that is available from the offered list, or rejects the proposed
140 value(s). The target then informs the initiator of its choice.
142 Once a common security mechanism is chosen, it MAY also negotiate
143 mechanism-specific options during its context establishment, but that
144 will be inside the mechanism tokens and invisible to this protocol.
146 If per-message integrity services are available on the established
147 mechanism security context, the peers can then exchange MIC tokens to
148 ensure that the mechanism list was not tampered with. This MIC token
149 exchange is OPTIONAL if no interference could have material impact on
150 the negotiation, i.e., when the selected mechanism is the first
151 choice for both peers.
153 In order to avoid an extra round trip, the first security token of
154 the preferred mechanism SHOULD be embedded in the initial negotiation
155 message (as defined in Section 4.2). This mechanism token is
156 referred to as the optimistic token in this document. If the
157 selected mechanism matches the initiator's preferred mechanism, no
158 additional round trips need to be incurred by using this protocol.
159 In addition, by using the optimistic token, the initiator can recover
160 from a non-fatal error in producing the first token before a
161 mechanism can be selected. Implementations, however, MAY omit the
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170 optimistic token, to avoid the cost of generating it in cases where
171 the initiator's preferred mechanism is not selected by the acceptor.
173 SPNEGO uses the concepts developed in the GSS-API specification
174 [RFC2743]. The negotiation data is encapsulated in context-level
175 tokens. Therefore, callers of the GSS-API do not need to be aware of
176 the existence of the negotiation tokens but only of the new
177 pseudo-security mechanism. A failure in the negotiation phase causes
178 a major status code to be returned: GSS_S_BAD_MECH.
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226 2. Conventions Used in This Document
228 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
229 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
230 document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
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282 3. Negotiation Protocol
284 When the established mechanism context provides for integrity
285 protection, the mechanism negotiation can be protected. When
286 acquiring negotiated security mechanism tokens, per-message integrity
287 services are always requested by the SPNEGO mechanism.
289 When the established mechanism context supports per-message integrity
290 services, SPNEGO guarantees that the selected mechanism is mutually
293 This section describes the negotiation process of this protocol.
295 3.1 Negotiation Description
297 The first negotiation token sent by the initiator contains an ordered
298 list of mechanisms (in preference order, favorite choice first), and
299 optionally the initial security token for the preferred mechanism of
300 the initiator (i.e., the first in the list). The list of security
301 mechanisms available for negotiation is based on the credentials
304 The target then processes the token from the initiator. This will
305 result in one of four possible states (as defined in Section 4.2.2):
306 accept_completed, accept_incomplete, reject, or request_mic. A
307 reject state will terminate the negotiation; an accept_completed
308 state indicates that not only was the initiator-selected mechanism
309 acceptable to the target, but that the initial token was sufficient
310 to complete the authentication; an accept_incomplete state indicates
311 that further message exchange is needed but the MIC token exchange as
312 described in Section 5 is OPITONAL; a request_mic state (this state
313 can only be present in the first reply message from the target)
314 indicates the MIC token exchange is REQUIRED if per-message integrity
315 services are available.
317 Unless the preference order is specified by the application (see
318 Appendix A), the policy by which the target chooses a mechanism is an
319 implementation-specific local matter. In the absence of application
320 specified preference order or other policy, the target SHALL choose
321 the first mechanism in the initiator proposed list for which it has
324 In case of a successful negotiation, the security mechanism in the
325 first reply message represents the value suitable for the target, and
326 picked up from the list offered by the initiator. A context level
327 token for a reject state is OPTIONAL.
329 Once a mechanism has been selected, the tokens specific to the
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338 selected mechanism are carried within the negotiation tokens.
340 Lastly, MIC tokens MAY be exchanged to ensure the authenticity of the
341 mechanism list as seen by the target.
343 To avoid conflicts with the use of MIC tokens by SPNEGO,
344 partially-established contexts are not used for per-message calls:
345 the prot_ready_state [RFC2743] will be false even if the underlying
346 mechanism would return true natively.
348 3.2 Negotiation Procedure
350 The basic form of the procedure assumes that per-message integrity
351 services are available on the established mechanism context, and it
352 is summarized as follows:
354 (a) The GSS-API initiator invokes GSS_Init_sec_context() as normal,
355 but requests (either explicitly, with the negotiation mechanism,
356 or through accepting a default, when the default is this
357 negotiation mechanism) that SPNEGO is used.
359 (b) The initiator GSS-API implementation emits a negotiation token
360 containing a list of supported security mechanisms (possible just
361 one mechanism) for the credentials used for this context
362 establishment, and optionally an initial security token for the
363 first mechanism from that list.
365 (c) The GSS-API initiator application sends the token to the target
366 application. The GSS-API target application deposits the token
367 through invoking GSS_Accept_sec_context(). The acceptor will do
368 one of the following:
370 (I) No proposed mechanism is acceptable, the negotiation SHALL be
371 terminated. GSS_Accept_sec_context indicates GSS_S_BAD_MECH.
372 The acceptor MAY output a negotiation token containing a reject
375 (II) If either the initiator's preferred mechanism is not accepted
376 by the target, or this mechanism is accepted but it is not the
377 most preferred mechanism available for the acceptor (see
378 Section 3.1 and Section 5), GSS_Accept_sec_context() indicates
379 GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED. The acceptor MUST output a negotiation
380 token containing a request_mic state.
382 (III) Otherwise, GSS_Accept_sec_conext() indicates GSS_S_COMPLETE
383 or GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED, depending on if at least one
384 additional negotiation token from the initiator is needed to
385 establish this context. The acceptor outputs a negotiation
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394 token containing an accept_complete or accept_incomplete state,
397 If the initiator's preferred mechanism is accepted, and an
398 optimistic mechanism token was included, this mechanism token MUST
399 be deposited to the selected mechanism through invoking
400 GSS_Accept_sec_context() and if a response mechanism token is
401 emitted, it MUST be included in the response negotiation token.
402 Otherwise, the target will not emit a response mechanism token in
405 (d) The GSS-API target application returns the negotiation token to
406 the initiator application. The GSS-API initiator application
407 deposits the token through invoking GSS_Init_sec_context(). The
408 security context initialization is then continued according to the
409 standard GSS-API conventions for the selected mechanism, where the
410 tokens of the selected mechanism are encapsulated until the
411 GSS_S_COMPLETE is returned for both the initiator and the target
412 by the selected security mechanism.
414 (e) MIC tokens are then either skipped or exchanged according to
417 Note that the *_req_flag input parameters for context establishment
418 are relative to the selected mechanism, as are the *_state output
419 parameters. i.e., these parameters are not applicable to the
420 negotiation process per se.
422 On receipt of a negotiation token on the target side, a GSS-API
423 implementation that does not support negotiation would indicate the
424 GSS_S_BAD_MECH status as if a particular basic security mechanism had
425 been requested but was not supported.
427 When GSS_Acquire_cred is invoked with this SPNEGO mechanism as
428 desired_mechs, an implementation-specific default credential is used
429 to carry on the negotiation. A set of mechanisms as specified
430 locally by the system administrator is then available for
431 negotiation. If there is a desire for the caller to make its own
432 choice, then an additional API has to be used (see Appendix A).
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452 The type definitions in this section assume an ASN.1 module
453 definition of the following form:
457 iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
458 security(5) mechanism(5) snego (2) modules(4) spec2(2)
459 } DEFINITIONS EXPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN
461 -- rest of definitions here
466 This specifies that the tagging context for the module will be
467 explicit and non-automatic.
469 The encoding of SPNEGO protocol messages shall obey the Distinguished
470 Encoding Rules (DER) of ASN.1 as described in [X690].
474 In this negotiation model, each OID represents one GSS-API mechanism
475 or one variant of it according to [RFC2743].
478 MechType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
479 -- OID represents each security mechanism as suggested by
482 MechTypeList ::= SEQUENCE OF MechType
485 4.2 Negotiation Tokens
487 The syntax of the initial negotiation tokens follows the
488 initialContextToken syntax defined in Section 3.1 of [RFC2743]. The
489 SPNEGO pseudo mechanism is identified by the Object Identifier
490 specified in Section 1. Subsequent tokens are not encapsulated in
491 this GSS-API generic token framing.
493 This section specifies the syntax of the inner token for the initial
494 message, and the syntax of subsequent context establishment tokens.
496 NegotiationToken ::= CHOICE {
497 negTokenInit [0] NegTokenInit,
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506 negTokenResp [1] negTokenResp
513 NegTokenInit ::= SEQUENCE {
514 mechTypes [0] MechTypeList,
515 reqFlags [1] ContextFlags OPTIONAL,
516 mechToken [2] OCTET STRING OPTIONAL,
517 mechListMIC [3] OCTET STRING OPTIONAL,
520 ContextFlags ::= BIT STRING {
530 This is the syntax for the inner token of the initial negotiation
535 This field contains one or more security mechanisms available
536 for the initiator in preference order (favorite choice first).
540 This field, if present, contains the service options that are
541 requested to establish the context. The context flags SHOULD
542 be filled in from the req_flags parameter of
543 GSS_Init_sec_context(). This field SHALL NOT have impact on
548 This field, is present, contains the optimistic security
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564 This field, is present, contains a MIC token, which is computed
565 according to Section 5, for the mechanism list in the initial
571 NegTokenResp ::= SEQUENCE {
572 negResult [0] ENUMERATED {
573 accept_completed (0),
574 accept_incomplete (1),
578 supportedMech [1] MechType OPTIONAL,
579 responseToken [2] OCTET STRING OPTIONAL,
580 mechListMIC [3] OCTET STRING OPTIONAL,
584 This is the syntax for all subsequent negotiation messages.
588 This field contains the state of the negotiation. This can be:
591 No further negotiation message from the peer is expected,
592 and the security context is established for the sender.
595 At least one more negotiation message from the peer is
596 needed to establish the security context.
599 The sender terminates the negotiation.
602 The sender indicates that the exchange of MIC tokens, as
603 described in Section 5, will be REQUIRED if per-message
604 integrity services are available on the mechanism context to
605 be established. This value SHALL only be present in the
606 first reply from the target.
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620 This field SHALL only be present in the first reply from the
621 target. It is a choice from the mechanism(s) offered by the
626 The field, if present, contains tokens specific to the
631 This field, is present, contains a MIC token, which is computed
632 according to Section 5, for the mechanism list in the initial
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674 5. Processing of mechListMIC
676 If the mechanism selected by the negotiation does not support
677 integrity protection, then no mechlistMIC token is used. Otherwise
678 if the initiator's preferred mechanism is accepted and it is also the
679 most preferred mechanism available for the acceptor (there is no
680 mechanism which, had it been present in the mechanism list, the
681 acceptor would have preferred over the accepted mechanism), then the
682 MIC token exchange, as described later in this section, is OPTIONAL.
683 In all other cases, MIC tokens MUST be exchanged after the mechanism
684 context is fully established.
686 It is assumed that per-message integrity services are available on
687 the established mechanism context in the following procedure for
688 processing MIC tokens of the initiator's mechanism list.
690 a) The mechlistMIC token (or simply the MIC token) is computed
691 through invoking GSS_GetMIC(): the input context_handle is the
692 established mechanism context, the input qop_req is 0, and the
693 input message is the mechTypes field in the initial negotiation
694 message (only the "value" portion, omitting the tag and length, of
695 the ASN.1 encoding for that field is included).
697 b) If the selected mechanism uses an even number of mechanism tokens
698 (namely the acceptor sends the last mechanism token), the acceptor
699 does the following when emitting the negotiation message
700 containing the last mechanism token: if the MIC token exchange is
701 not required, GSS_Accept_sec_context() either indicates
702 GSS_S_COMPLETE and does not include a mechlistMIC token, or
703 indicates GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED and includes a mechlistMIC token
704 and an accept_incomplete state; if the MIC token exchange is
705 required, GSS_Accept_sec_context() indicates
706 GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED, and includes a mechlistMIC token.
707 Acceptors who wish to be compatible with legacy Windows SPNEGO
708 implementations as described in Appendix B shall not generate a
709 mechlistMIC token when the MIC token exchange is not required.
710 The initiator then processes the last mechanism token, and does
711 one of the following:
713 (I) If a mechlistMIC token was included, and is correctly
714 verified, GSS_Init_sec_context() indicates GSS_S_COMPLETE. The
715 output negotiation message contains a mechlistMIC token, and an
716 accept_complete state. The acceptor MUST then verify this
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730 (II) If a mechlistMIC token was included but is incorrect, the
731 negotiation SHALL be terminated. GSS_Accept_sec_context()
732 indicates GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN.
734 (III) If no mechlistMIC token was included, and the MIC token
735 exchange is not required, GSS_Init_sec_context() indicates
736 GSS_S_COMPLETE with no output token.
738 (IV) If no mechlistMIC token was included, but the MIC token
739 exchange is required, the negotiation SHALL be terminated.
740 GSS_Accept_sec_context() indicates GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN.
742 c) In the case that the chosen mechanism uses an odd number of
743 mechanism tokens (namely the initiator sends the last mechanism
744 token), the initiator does the following when emitting the
745 negotiation message containing the last mechanism token: if the
746 negResult state was request_mic in the first reply from the
747 target, a mechlistMIC token MUST be included, otherwise the
748 mechlistMIC token is OPTIONAL. GSS_Init_sec_context() indicates
749 GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED. Initiators who wish to be compatible with
750 legacy Windows SPNEGO implementations as described in Appendix B
751 shall not generate a mechlistMIC token when the MIC token exchange
752 is not required. The acceptor then processes the last mechanism
753 token, and does one of the following:
755 (I) If a mechlistMIC token was included, and is correctly
756 verified, GSS_Accept_sec_context() indicates GSS_S_COMPLETE.
757 The output negotiation message contains a mechlistMIC token,
758 and an accept_complete state. The initiator MUST then verify
759 this mechlistMIC token.
761 (II) If a mechlistMIC token was included but is incorrect, the
762 negotiation SHALL be terminated. GSS_Accept_sec_context()
763 indicates GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN.
765 (III) If no mechlistMIC token was included and the mechlistMIC
766 token exchange is not required, GSS_Accept_sec_context()
767 indicates GSS_S_COMPLETE. The output negotiation message
768 contains an accept_complete state.
770 (IV) If no mechlistMIC token was included and the acceptor sent a
771 request_mic state in the first reply message (the exchange of
772 MIC tokens is required), the negotiation SHALL be terminated.
773 GSS_Accept_sec_context() indicates GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN.
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788 Two mechanisms are provided by extensibility. First, the ASN.1
789 structures in this specification MAY be expanded by IETF standards
790 action. Implementations receiving unknown fields MUST ignore these
793 Secondly, OIDs corresponding to a desired mechanism attribute may be
794 included in the set of preferred mechanisms by an initiator. The
795 acceptor can choose to honor this request by preferring mechanisms
796 that have that attribute. Future work within the Kitten working
797 group is expected to standardize common attributes that SPNEGO
798 mechanisms may wish to support. At this time it is sufficient to say
799 that initiators MAY include OIDs that do not correspond to mechanisms
800 but instead correspond to desired mechanism attributes in their
801 requests. Such OIDs MAY influence the acceptor's choice of
802 mechanism. As discussed in Section 5, if there are mechanisms that
803 if present in the initiator's list of mechanisms might be preferred
804 by the acceptor to the initiator's preferred mechanism, the acceptor
805 MUST demand the MIC token exchange. As a consequence, acceptors MUST
806 demand the MIC token exchange if they support negotiation of
807 attributes not available in the initiator's preferred mechanism
808 regardless of whether the initiator actually requested these
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842 7. Security Considerations
844 In order to produce the MIC token for the mechanism list, the
845 mechanism must provide integrity protection. When the selected
846 mechanism does not support integrity protection, then the negotiation
847 is vulnerable: an active attacker can force it to use a security
848 mechanism that is not mutually preferred but is acceptable anyway to
851 When per-message integrity services are available on the established
852 mechanism context, and there was an alteration of the mechanism list
853 by an adversary such that a common mechanism that is not mutually
854 preferred could be selected, this protocol provides the following
855 guarantees: if the last mechanism token is sent by the initiator,
856 both peers shall fail; if the last mechanism token is sent by the
857 acceptor, the acceptor shall not complete and the initiator at worst
858 shall complete with its preferred mechanism being selected. The
859 negotiation may not be terminated if an alteration was made but it
860 had no material impact.
862 The protection of the negotiation depends on the strength of the
863 integrity protection. In particular, the strength of SPNEGO is no
864 stronger than the integrity protection of the weakest mechanism
865 acceptable to GSS-API peers.
867 In all cases, the communicating peers are exposed to the denial of
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900 The authors wish to thank Nicolas Williams, Ken Raeburn, Jeff Altman,
901 Cristian Ilac and Martin Rex for their comments and suggestions on
902 earlier versions of this document.
904 Eric Baize and Denis Pinkas wrote the original SPNEGO specification
905 [RFC2478], of which some of the text has been retained in this
910 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
911 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
913 [RFC2478] Baize, E. and D. Pinkas, "The Simple and Protected GSS-API
914 Negotiation Mechanism", RFC 2478, December 1998.
916 [RFC2743] Linn, J., "Generic Security Service Application Program
917 Interface Version 2, Update 1", RFC 2743, January 2000.
919 [X690] ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules
920 (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished
921 Encoding Rules (DER), ITU-T Recommendation X.690 (1997) |
922 ISO/IEC International Standard 8825-1:1998.
927 Microsoft Corporation
932 EMail: lzhu@microsoft.com
936 Microsoft Corporation
941 EMail: paulle@microsoft.com
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954 Microsoft Corporation
959 EMail: karthikj@microsoft.com
963 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
964 77 Massachusetts Avenue
968 EMail: hartmans@mit.edu
973 1775 Wiehle Avenue, 2nd Floor
977 EMail: wyllys.ingersoll@sun.com
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1009 Appendix A. GSS-API Negotiation Support API
1011 In order to provide to a GSS-API caller (either the initiator or the
1012 target or both) the ability to choose among the set of supported
1013 mechanisms a reduced set of mechanisms for negotiation, two
1014 additional APIs are defined:
1016 o GSS_Get_neg_mechs() indicates the set of security mechanisms
1017 available on the local system to the caller for negotiation, based
1018 on the credentials being used.
1019 o GSS_Set_neg_mechs() specifies the set of security mechanisms to be
1020 used on the local system by the caller for negotiation, for the
1023 A.1 GSS_Set_neg_mechs call
1027 o cred_handle CREDENTIAL HANDLE, -- NULL specifies default
1029 o mech_set SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER
1033 o major_status INTEGER,
1034 o minor_status INTEGER
1036 Return major_status codes:
1038 o GSS_S_COMPLETE indicates that the set of security mechanisms
1039 available for negotiation has been set to mech_set.
1040 o GSS_S_FAILURE indicates that the requested operation could not be
1041 performed for reasons unspecified at the GSS-API level.
1043 Allows callers to specify the set of security mechanisms that may be
1044 negotiated with the credential identified by cred_handle. This call
1045 is intended for support of specialized callers who need to restrict
1046 the set of negotiable security mechanisms from the set of all
1047 security mechanisms available to the caller (based on available
1048 credentials). Note that if more than one mechanism is specified in
1049 mech_set, the order in which those mechanisms are specified implies a
1050 relative preference.
1052 A.2 GSS_Get_neg_mechs call
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1065 o cred_handle CREDENTIAL HANDLE -- NULL specifies default
1070 o major_status INTEGER,
1071 o minor_status INTEGER,
1072 o mech_set SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER
1074 Return major_status codes:
1076 o GSS_S_COMPLETE indicates that the set of security mechanisms
1077 available for negotiation has been returned in mech_set.
1078 o GSS_S_FAILURE indicates that the requested operation could not be
1079 performed for reasons unspecified at the GSS-API level.
1081 Allows callers to determine the set of security mechanisms available
1082 for negotiation with the credential identified by cred_handle. This
1083 call is intended for support of specialized callers who need to
1084 reduce the set of negotiable security mechanisms from the set of
1085 supported security mechanisms available to the caller (based on
1086 available credentials).
1088 Note: The GSS_Indicate_mechs() function indicates the full set of
1089 mechanism types available on the local system. Since this call has
1090 no input parameter, the returned set is not necessarily available for
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1118 Internet-Draft GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism November 2004
1121 Appendix B. Changes since RFC2478
1123 SPNEGO implementations in Windows 2000/Windows XP/Windows Server
1124 2003 have the following behavior: no mechlistMIC is produced, and
1125 mechlistMIC is not processed if one is provided; if the initiator
1126 sends the last mechanism token, the acceptor will send back a
1127 negotiation token with an accept_complete state and no mechlistMIC
1128 token. In addition, the OID (1.2.840.48018.1.2.2) can be used to
1129 identify the GSS-API Kerberos Version 5 mechanism.
1131 The following changes have been made to be compatible with these
1132 legacy implementations.
1134 * NegTokenTarg is changed to negTokenResp and it is the message
1135 format for all subsequent negotiation tokens.
1136 * NegTokenInit is the message for the initial token and that
1138 * mechTypes in negTokenInit is not optional.
1139 * negResult is not optional in the negTokenResp token.
1140 * Two MIC tokens are exchanged, one in each direction.
1141 * If the selected mechanism is also the most preferred mechanism
1142 for both peers, it is safe to omit the MIC tokens.
1144 If at least one of the two peers implements the pseudo mechanism
1145 in this document, the negotiation is protected.
1147 The following changes are to address the problems in RFC 2478.
1149 * reqFlags is not protected therefore it should not impact the
1151 * DER encoding is required.
1152 * GSS_GetMIC() input is clarified.
1153 * Per-message integrity services are requested for the negotiated
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1174 Internet-Draft GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism November 2004
1177 Intellectual Property Statement
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