lib/krb5: krb5_init_creds_set_service fail if set_realm fails

[heimdal.git] / kadmin / kadmin.1

.\" Copyright (c) 2000 - 2007 Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan
.\" (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden).
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\"
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\"
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id$
.\"
.Dd Feb  22, 2007
.Dt KADMIN 1
.Os HEIMDAL
.Sh NAME
.Nm kadmin
.Nd Kerberos administration utility
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Bk -words
.Op Fl p Ar string \*(Ba Fl Fl principal= Ns Ar string
.Op Fl K Ar string \*(Ba Fl Fl keytab= Ns Ar string
.Op Fl c Ar file \*(Ba Fl Fl config-file= Ns Ar file
.Op Fl k Ar file \*(Ba Fl Fl key-file= Ns Ar file
.Op Fl r Ar realm \*(Ba Fl Fl realm= Ns Ar realm
.Op Fl a Ar host \*(Ba Fl Fl admin-server= Ns Ar host
.Op Fl s Ar port number \*(Ba Fl Fl server-port= Ns Ar port number
.Op Fl l | Fl Fl local
.Op Fl h | Fl Fl help
.Op Fl v | Fl Fl version
.Op Ar command
.Ek
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
program is used to make modifications to the Kerberos database, either remotely via the
.Xr kadmind 8
daemon, or locally (with the
.Fl l
option).
.Pp
Supported options:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl p Ar string , Fl Fl principal= Ns Ar string
principal to authenticate as
.It Fl K Ar string , Fl Fl keytab= Ns Ar string
keytab for authentication principal
.It Fl c Ar file , Fl Fl config-file= Ns Ar file
location of config file
.It Fl H Ar HDB , Fl Fl hdb= Ns Ar HDB
location of HDB
.It Fl k Ar file , Fl Fl key-file= Ns Ar file
location of master key file
.It Fl r Ar realm , Fl Fl realm= Ns Ar realm
realm to use
.It Fl a Ar host , Fl Fl admin-server= Ns Ar host
server to contact
.It Fl s Ar port number , Fl Fl server-port= Ns Ar port number
port to use
.It Fl l , Fl Fl local
local admin mode
.El
.Pp
If no
.Ar command
is given on the command line,
.Nm
will prompt for commands to process. Some of the commands that take
one or more principals as argument
.Ns ( Nm delete ,
.Nm ext_keytab ,
.Nm get ,
.Nm modify ,
and
.Nm passwd )
will accept a glob style wildcard, and perform the operation on all
matching principals.
.Pp
Commands include:
.\" not using a list here, since groff apparently gets confused
.\" with nested Xo/Xc
.Pp
.Nm add
.Op Fl r | Fl Fl random-key
.Op Fl Fl enctypes= Ns Ar string
.Op Fl Fl random-password
.Op Fl p Ar string \*(Ba Fl Fl password= Ns Ar string
.Op Fl Fl key= Ns Ar string
.Op Fl Fl max-ticket-life= Ns Ar lifetime
.Op Fl Fl max-renewable-life= Ns Ar lifetime
.Op Fl Fl attributes= Ns Ar attributes
.Op Fl Fl expiration-time= Ns Ar time
.Op Fl Fl pw-expiration-time= Ns Ar time
.Op Fl Fl policy= Ns Ar policy-name
.Ar principal...
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Adds a new principal to the database. The options not passed on the
command line will be promped for.
If enctypes to use are not given, then the
.Ar [libdefaults] supported_enctypes
configuration parameter will be used on the client side to select
enctypes, defaulting to
.Ar aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96.
For compatibility with MIT, the enctypes string is a space- or
comma-separated list of enctype:salttype.
If
.Fl Fl keepold
is given, then old keys needed to decrypt extant tickets are
kept, and all other old keys are deleted.
If
.Fl Fl keepallold
is given then all old keys are kept.  If
.Fl Fl pruneall is given then all old keys are removed.
The
.Fl Fl keepold
behavior is the default if none of these are given.
The only policy supported by Heimdal servers is
.Ql default .
.Pp
This command has the following aliases:
.Nm ank ,
.Nm add_new_key .
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm add_alias
.Ar principal
.Ar alias...
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Adds one or more aliases to the given principal.
.Pp
When a client requests a service ticket for a service principal
name that is an alias of a principal in a different realm, the
TGS will return a referral to that realm.
This compares favorably to using
.Ar [domain_realm]
entries in the KDC's
.Ar krb5.conf ,
but may be managed via the
.Nm kadmin
command and its
.Nm add_alias
and
.Nm del_alias
sub-commands rather than having to edit the KDC's configuration
file and having to restart the KDC.
.Pp
There are two methods for issuing referrals for entire namespaces
of hostnames.
An alias of the form
.Ar  WELLKNOWN/HOSTBASED-NAMESPACE/service/namespace-fqdn@REALM
(see
.Nm add_namespace
below) will cause all requests for host-based principals in the
given namespace to be referred to the given realm.
Alternatively, the KDC will issue referrals for all host-based
service principals whose hostname component matches a
.Ar [domain_realm]
entry in the KDC's
.Ar krb5.conf
file referring to a different realm.
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm add_namespace
.Ar Fl Fl key-rotation-epoch= Ns Ar time
.Ar Fl Fl key-rotation-period= Ns Ar time
.Op Fl Fl enctypes= Ns Ar string
.Op Fl Fl max-ticket-life= Ns Ar lifetime
.Op Fl Fl max-renewable-life= Ns Ar lifetime
.Op Fl Fl attributes= Ns Ar attributes
.Ar host-based-principal...
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Adds a new namespace of virtual host-based or domain-based
principals to the database, whose keys will be automatically
derived from base keys stored in the namespace record, and which
keys will be rotated automatically.
The namespace names are of the same form as host-based principal
names:
.Ar service/hostname@REALM
and these will match all host-based or domain-based service names
where hostname component of such a principal ends in the labels
of the hostname in the namespace name.
.Pp
The service name component may be a wild-card (underscore,
.Ar _ ),
in which case it will match any service.
.Pp
For example,
.Ar bar.baz.example@BAZ.EXAMPLE
will match
.Ar host/foo.bar.baz.example@BAZ.EXAMPLE
but not
.Ar host/foobar.baz.example@BAZ.EXAMPLE .
.Pp
Note well that services are expected to
.Ar ext_keytab
or otherwise re-fetch their keytabs at least as often as one
quarter of the key rotation period, otherwise they risk not
having keys they need to decrypt tickets with.
.Pp
The epoch must be given as either an absolute time,
.Ar "now",
or as
.Ar "+<N>[<unit>]"
where
.Ar N
is a natural and
.Ar unit
is one "s", "m", "h", "day", "week", "month", defaulting to
"month".
The default key rotation period is
.Ar 7d .
The default enctypes is as for the
.Nm add
command.
.Pp
Note that namespaces are stored as principals whose names are of the form
.Ar WELLKNOWN/HOSTBASED-NAMESPACE/service/namespace.fqdn@REALM ,
with the
.Ar service
.Pp
This command has the following alias:
.Nm add_ns .
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm add_enctype
.Op Fl r | Fl Fl random-key
.Ar principal enctypes...
.Pp
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Adds a new encryption type to the principal, only random key are
supported.
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm delete
.Ar principal...
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Removes a principal.
It is an error to delete an alias.
To remove a principal's alias or aliases, use the
.Nm del_alias
command.
To remove a principal given an alias, first
.Nm get
the principal to get its canonical name and then delete that.
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm del_alias
.Ar alias...
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Deletes the given aliases, but not their canonical principals.
.Pp
This command has the following aliases:
.Nm del ,
.Nm del_entry .
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm del_enctype
.Ar principal enctypes...
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Removes some enctypes from a principal; this can be useful if the
service belonging to the principal is known to not handle certain
enctypes.
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm prune
.Ar principal [kvno]
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Deletes the named principal's keys of the given kvno.  If a kvno is
not given then this deletes all the named principals keys that are
too old to be needed for decrypting tickets issued using those keys
(i.e., any such tickets are necessarily expired).  The determination
of "too old" is made using the max-ticket-life attribute of the
principal; though in practice that max ticket life is also constrained
by the max-ticket-life of the client principals and the krbtgt
principals, those are not consulted here.
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm ext_keytab
.Oo Fl k Ar keytab \*(Ba Xo
.Op Fl Fl keepold | Fl Fl keepallold | Fl Fl pruneall
.Op Fl Fl enctypes= Ns Ar string
.Fl Fl keytab= Ns Ar string
.Xc
.Oc
.Ar principal...
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Creates a keytab with the keys of the specified principals.  Requires
get-keys rights, otherwise the principal's keys are changed and saved in
the keytab.
If enctypes to use are not given, then the
.Ar [libdefaults] supported_enctypes
configuration parameter will be used on the client side to select
enctypes, defaulting to
.Ar aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96.
For compatibility with MIT, the enctypes string is a space- or
comma-separated list of enctype:salttype.
If
.Fl Fl keepold
is given, then old keys needed to decrypt extant tickets are
kept, and all other old keys are deleted.
If
.Fl Fl keepallold
is given then all old keys are kept.  If
.Fl Fl pruneall is given then all old keys are removed.
The
.Fl Fl keepold
behavior is the default if none of these are given.
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm get
.Op Fl l | Fl Fl long
.Op Fl s | Fl Fl short
.Op Fl t | Fl Fl terse
.Op Fl o Ar string | Fl Fl column-info= Ns Ar string
.Op Fl C Ar path | Fl Fl krb5-config-file= Ns Ar path
.Ar principal...
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Lists the matching principals, short prints the result as a table,
while long format produces a more verbose output. Which columns to
print can be selected with the
.Fl o
option. The argument is a comma separated list of column names
optionally appended with an equal sign
.Pq Sq =
and a column header. Which columns are printed by default differ
slightly between short and long output.
.Pp
The default terse output format is similar to
.Fl s o Ar principal= ,
just printing the names of matched principals.
.Pp
If
.Fl C
or
.Fl Fl krb5-config-file
is given and the principal has krb5 config file contents saved
in its HDB entry, then that will be saved in the given file.
Note that if multiple principals are requested, then the second,
third, and so on will have -1, -2, and so on appended to the
given filename unless the given filename is a device name.
.Pp
Possible column names include:
.Li principal ,
.Li princ_expire_time ,
.Li pw_expiration ,
.Li last_pwd_change ,
.Li max_life ,
.Li max_rlife ,
.Li mod_time ,
.Li mod_name ,
.Li attributes ,
.Li kvno ,
.Li mkvno ,
.Li last_success ,
.Li last_failed ,
.Li fail_auth_count ,
.Li policy ,
and
.Li keytypes .
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm modify
.Oo Fl a Ar attributes \*(Ba Xo
.Fl Fl attributes= Ns Ar attributes
.Xc
.Oc
.Op Fl Fl max-ticket-life= Ns Ar lifetime
.Op Fl Fl max-renewable-life= Ns Ar lifetime
.Op Fl Fl expiration-time= Ns Ar time
.Op Fl Fl pw-expiration-time= Ns Ar time
.Op Fl Fl kvno= Ns Ar number
.Op Fl Fl policy= Ns Ar policy-name
.Op Fl Fl alias= Ns Ar alias-name
.Op Fl C Ar path | Fl Fl krb5-config-file= Ns Ar path
.Ar principal...
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Modifies certain attributes of a principal. If run without command
line options, you will be prompted. With command line options, it will
only change the ones specified.
.Pp
The
.Fl Fl alias= Ns Ar alias-name
option may be given multiple times, which will set the complete
list of aliases for the principal.
Use the
.Nm add_alias
command instead to add an alias without having to list all
existing aliases to keep.
.Pp
The
.Fl Fl alias=
option without a value allows the user to set an empty list of
aliases.
Use the
.Nm del_alias
command to delete one or more aliases.
.Pp
The only policy supported by Heimdal is
.Ql default .
.Pp
If a krb5 config file is given, it will be saved in the entry.
.Pp
Possible attributes are:
.Li new-princ ,
.Li support-desmd5 ,
.Li pwchange-service ,
.Li disallow-client ,
.Li disallow-svr ,
.Li requires-pw-change ,
.Li requires-hw-auth ,
.Li requires-pre-auth ,
.Li allow-digest ,
.Li trusted-for-delegation ,
.Li ok-as-delegate ,
.Li disallow-all-tix ,
.Li disallow-dup-skey ,
.Li disallow-proxiable ,
.Li disallow-renewable ,
.Li disallow-tgt-based ,
.Li disallow-forwardable ,
.Li disallow-postdated ,
.Li no-auth-data-reqd
.Pp
Attributes may be negated with a "-", e.g.,
.Pp
kadmin -l modify -a -disallow-proxiable user
.Pp
This command has the following alias:
.Nm mod .
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm passwd
.Op Fl Fl keepold | Fl Fl keepallold | Fl Fl pruneall
.Op Fl Fl enctypes= Ns Ar string
.Op Fl r | Fl Fl random-key
.Op Fl Fl random-password
.Oo Fl p Ar string \*(Ba Xo
.Fl Fl password= Ns Ar string
.Xc
.Oc
.Op Fl Fl key= Ns Ar string
.Ar principal...
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Changes the password of an existing principal.
If enctypes to use are not given, then the
.Ar [libdefaults] supported_enctypes
configuration parameter will be used on the client side to select
enctypes, defaulting to
.Ar aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96.
For compatibility with MIT, the enctypes string is a space- or
comma-separated list of enctype:salttype.
If
.Fl Fl keepold
is given, then old keys needed to decrypt extant tickets are
kept, and all other old keys are deleted.
If
.Fl Fl keepallold
is given then all old keys are kept.  If
.Fl Fl pruneall is given then all old keys are removed.
The
.Fl Fl keepold
behavior is the default if none of these are given.
.Pp
This command has the following aliases:
.Nm cpw ,
.Nm change_password .
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm verify-password-quality
.Ar principal
.Ar password
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Run the password quality check function locally.
You can run this on the host that is configured to run the kadmind
process to verify that your configuration file is correct.
The verification is done locally, if kadmin is run in remote mode,
no rpc call is done to the server. NOTE: if the environment has
verify-password-quality configured to use a back-end that stores
password history (such as heimdal-history), running
verify-quality-password will cause an update to the password
database meaning that merely verifying the quality of the password
using verify-quality-password invalidates the use of that
principal/password in the future.
.Pp
This command has the following alias:
.Nm pwq .
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm privileges
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Lists the operations you are allowed to perform. These include
.Li add ,
.Li add_enctype ,
.Li change-password ,
.Li delete ,
.Li del_enctype ,
.Li get ,
.Li get-keys ,
.Li list ,
and
.Li modify .
.Pp
This command has the following alias:
.Nm privs .
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm rename
.Ar from to
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Renames a principal. This is normally transparent, but since keys are
salted with the principal name, they will have a non-standard salt,
and clients which are unable to cope with this will fail. Kerberos 4
suffers from this.
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm check
.Op Ar realm
.Pp
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Check database for strange configurations on important principals. If
no realm is given, the default realm is used.
.Ed
.Pp
When running in local mode, the following commands can also be used:
.Pp
.Nm dump
.Op Fl d | Fl Fl decrypt
.Op Fl f Ns Ar format | Fl Fl format= Ns Ar format
.Op Ar dump-file
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Writes the database in
.Dq machine readable text
form to the specified file, or standard out. If the database is
encrypted, the dump will also have encrypted keys, unless
.Fl Fl decrypt
is used.  If
.Fl Fl format=MIT
is used then the dump will be in MIT format.  Otherwise it will be in
Heimdal format.
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm init
.Op Fl Fl realm-max-ticket-life= Ns Ar string
.Op Fl Fl realm-max-renewable-life= Ns Ar string
.Ar realm
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Initializes the Kerberos database with entries for a new realm. It's
possible to have more than one realm served by one server.
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm load
.Ar file
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Reads a previously dumped database, and re-creates that database from
scratch.
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm merge
.Ar file
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Similar to
.Nm load
but just modifies the database with the entries in the dump file.
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm stash
.Oo Fl e Ar enctype \*(Ba Xo
.Fl Fl enctype= Ns Ar enctype
.Xc
.Oc
.Oo Fl k Ar keyfile \*(Ba Xo
.Fl Fl key-file= Ns Ar keyfile
.Xc
.Oc
.Op Fl Fl convert-file
.Op Fl Fl master-key-fd= Ns Ar fd
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Writes the Kerberos master key to a file used by the KDC.
.Pp
This command has the following alias:
.Nm kstash .
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm exit
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Exits
.Nm kadmin .
.Pp
This command has the following alias:
.Nm quit .
.Ed
.\".Sh ENVIRONMENT
.\".Sh FILES
.\".Sh EXAMPLES
.\".Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr kadmind 8 ,
.Xr kdc 8
.\".Sh STANDARDS
.\".Sh HISTORY
.\".Sh AUTHORS
.\".Sh BUGS