1 NETWORK WORKING GROUP N. Williams
3 Expires: November 13, 2005 May 12, 2005
6 A PRF for the Kerberos V GSS-API Mechanism
7 draft-ietf-kitten-krb5-gssapi-prf-03.txt
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36 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
40 This document defines the Pseudo-Random Function (PRF) for the
41 Kerberos V mechanism for the Generic Security Service Application
42 Programming Interface (GSS-API), based on the PRF defined for the
43 Kerberos V cryptographic framework, for keying application protocols
44 given an established Kerberos V GSS-API security context.
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59 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
60 1.1 Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
61 2. Kerberos V GSS Mechanism PRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
62 3. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
63 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
64 5. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
65 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
66 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . 6
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115 This document specifies the Kerberos V GSS-API mechanism's pseudo-
116 random function corresponding to [GSS-PRF]. The function is a "PRF+"
119 1.1 Conventions used in this document
121 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
122 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
123 document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
125 2. Kerberos V GSS Mechanism PRF
127 The GSS-API PRF [GSS-PRF] function for the Kerberos V mechanism
128 [RFC1964] shall be the output of a PRF+ function based on the
129 encryption type's PRF function keyed with the negotiated session key
130 of the security context corresponding to the 'prf_key' input
131 parameter of GSS_Pseudo_random().
133 This PRF+ MUST be keyed with the key indicated by the 'prf_key' input
134 parameter as follows:
136 o GSS_C_PRF_KEY_FULL -- use the sub-session key asserted by the
137 acceptor, if any, or the sub-session asserted by the initiator, if
138 any, or the Ticket's session key
140 o GSS_C_PRF_KEY_PARTIAL -- use the sub-session key asserted by the
141 initiator, if any, or the Ticket's session key
143 The PRF+ function is a simple counter-based extension of the Kerberos
144 V pseudo-random function [RFC3961] for the encryption type of the
145 security context's keys:
147 PRF+(K, L, S) = truncate(L, T1 || T2 || .. || Tn)
149 Tn = pseudo-random(K, n || S)
151 where '||' is the concatenation operator, 'n' is encoded as a network
152 byte order 32-bit unsigned binary number, truncate(L, S) truncates
153 the input octet string S to length L, and pseudo-random() is the
154 Kerberos V pseudo-random function [RFC3961].
156 The maximum output size of the Kerberos V mechanism's GSS-API PRF
157 then is, necessarily, 2^32 times the output size of the pseudo-
158 random() function for the encryption type of the given key.
160 When the input size is longer than 2^14 octets as per [GSS-PRF] and
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169 exceeds an implementation's resources then the mechanism MUST return
170 GSS_S_FAILURE and GSS_KRB5_S_KG_INPUT_TOO_LONG as the minor status
173 3. IANA Considerations
175 This document has no IANA considerations currently. If and when a
176 relevant IANA registry of GSS-API symbols and constants is created
177 then the GSS_KRB5_S_KG_INPUT_TOO_LONG minor status code should be
178 added to such a registry.
180 4. Security Considerations
182 Kerberos V encryption types' PRF functions use a key derived from
183 contexts' session keys and should preserve the forward security
184 properties of the mechanisms' key exchanges.
186 Legacy Kerberos V encryption types may be weak, particularly the
187 single-DES encryption types.
189 See also [GSS-PRF] for generic security considerations of
192 See also [RFC3961] for generic security considerations of the
193 Kerberos V cryptographic framework.
195 Care should be taken not to exceed the useful lifetime of an
196 established security context's session key's useful lifetime as
197 implementations are not required to prevent overuse of the
198 GSS_Pseudo_random() function. This can effectively be achieved by
199 limiting the number of GSS_Pseudo_random() calls to, say, a handful
200 of calls per-security context.
202 Use of Ticket session keys, rather than sub-session keys, when
203 initiators and acceptors fail to assert sub-session keys, is
204 dangerous as ticket reuse can lead to key reuse, therefore initiators
205 should assert sub-session keys always, and acceptors should assert
206 sub-session keys at least when initiators fail to do so..
208 The computational cost of computing this PRF+ may vary depending on
209 the Kerberos V encryption types being used, but generally the
210 computation of this PRF+ gets more expensive as the input and output
211 octet string lengths grow (note that the use of a counter in the PRF+
212 construction allows for parallelization). This means that if an
213 application can be tricked into providing very large input octet
214 strings and requesting very long output octet strings then that may
215 constitute a denial of service attack on the application; therefore
216 applications SHOULD place appropriate limits on the size of any input
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225 octet strings received from their peers without integrity protection.
227 5. Normative References
229 [CFX] Zhu, L., Jaganathan, K., and S. Hartman, "The Kerberos
230 Version 5 GSS-API Mechanism: Version 2".
232 [GSS-PRF] Williams, N., "A PRF API extension for the GSS-API".
234 [RFC1964] Linn, J., "The Kerberos Version 5 GSS-API Mechanism",
237 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
238 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
240 [RFC2743] Linn, J., "Generic Security Service Application Program
241 Interface Version 2, Update 1", RFC 2743, January 2000.
243 [RFC2744] Wray, J., "Generic Security Service API Version 2 :
244 C-bindings", RFC 2744, January 2000.
246 [RFC3961] Raeburn, K., "Encryption and Checksum Specifications for
247 Kerberos 5", RFC 3961, February 2005.
258 Email: Nicolas.Williams@sun.com
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332 Williams Expires November 13, 2005 [Page 6]