4 Expires: December 30, 2004 July 2004
7 Clarifications and Extensions to the GSS-API for the Use of Channel
9 draft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-channel-bindings-00.txt
13 By submitting this Internet-Draft, I certify that any applicable
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34 This Internet-Draft will expire on December 30, 2004.
38 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved.
42 This document clarifies and generalizes the GSS-API "channel
43 bindings" facility. This document also specifies the format of the
44 various types of channel bindings.
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61 1. Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
62 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
63 3. Generic Structure for GSS-API Channel Bindings . . . . . . . . 5
64 3.1 Proper Mechanism Use of Channel Bindings . . . . . . . . . 5
65 4. Channel Bindings for SSHv2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
66 4.1 GSS_Make_sshv2_channel_bindings() . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
67 4.1.1 C-Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
68 5. Channel Bindings for TLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
69 5.1 GSS_Make_tls_channel_bindings() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
70 5.1.1 C-Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
71 6. Channel Bindings for IPsec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
72 6.1 GSS_Make_ipsec_channel_bindings() . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
73 6.1.1 C-Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
74 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
75 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
76 8.1 Normative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
77 8.2 Informative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
78 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
79 A. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
80 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . 14
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115 1. Conventions used in this document
117 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
118 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
119 document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
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173 The concept of "channel bindings" and the abstract construction of
174 channel bindings for several types of channels are described in
177 To actually use channel bindings in GSS-API aplications additional
178 details are required that are given below.
180 First the structure given to channel bindings data in [RFC2744] is
181 generalized to all of the GSS-API, not just its C-Bindings.
183 Then the actual construction of channel bindings to SSHv2, TLS and
184 IPsec channels is given.
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227 3. Generic Structure for GSS-API Channel Bindings
229 The base GSS-API v2, update 1 specification [RFC2743]describes
230 channel bindings as an OCTET STRING and leaves it to the GSS-API v2,
231 update 1 C-Bindings specification to specify the structure of the
232 contents of the channel bindings OCTET STRINGs. The C-Bindings
233 specification [RFC2744]then defines, in terms of C, what should be
234 generic structure for channel bindings. The Kerberos V GSS mechanism
235 [RFC1964]then defines a method for encoding GSS channel bindings in a
236 way that is independent of the C-Bindings!
238 In other words, the structure of GSS channel bindings given in
239 [RFC2744] is actually generic, rather than specific to the C
240 programming language.
242 Here, then, is a generic re-statement of this structure, in
245 GSS-CHANNEL-BINDINGS := SEQUENCE {
246 initiator-address-type INTEGER,
247 initiator-address OCTET STRING,
248 acceptor-address-type INTEGER,
249 acceptor-address OCTET STRING,
250 application-data OCTET STRING,
253 The values for the address fields are described in [RFC2744].
255 Language-specific bindings of the GSS-API should specify a
256 language-specific formulation of this structure.
258 3.1 Proper Mechanism Use of Channel Bindings
260 As described in [CHANNEL-BINDINGS], GSS mechanisms should exchange
261 integrity protected proofs of channel bindings, where the proof is
262 obtained by running a strong hash of the channel bindings data
263 (encoded as per some mechanism-specific, such as in [RFC1964]) and a
264 binary value to represent the initiator->acceptor, and opposite,
267 The encoding of channel bindings used in [RFC1964], with the addition
268 of a binary value as described above, and the substitution of SHA-1
269 for MD5 is a reasonable, generic encoding of GSS-CHANNEL-BINDINGS
270 that any future GSS mechanisms can use.
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283 4. Channel Bindings for SSHv2
285 The SSHv2 channel bindings are constructed as an octet string for the
286 'application-data' field of the channel bindings by concatenating the
287 following values and in this order:
289 1. The ASCII string "GSS SSHv2 CB:"
290 2. The SSHv2 session ID
291 3. Any additional application-provided data, encoded as the DER
292 encoding of an ASN.1 OCTET STRING
294 4.1 GSS_Make_sshv2_channel_bindings()
298 o session_id OCTET STRING,
299 o additional_app_data OCTET STRING
303 o major_status INTEGER,
304 o minor_status INTEGER,
305 o channel_bindings_app_data OCTET STRING
307 Return major_status codes:
308 o GSS_S_COMPLETE indicates no error.
309 o GSS_S_FAILURE indicates failure to construct the channel bindings
310 as a result, perhaps, of a memory management, or similar failure.
312 This function constructs an OCTET STRING for use as the value of the
313 application-data field of the GSS-CHANNEL-BINDINGS structure
318 OM_uint32 gss_make_sshv2_channel_bindings(
319 OM_uint32 *minor_status,
320 const gss_buffer_t session_id,
321 const gss_buffer_t additional_app_data,
322 gss_buffer_t channel_bindings_app_data
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339 5. Channel Bindings for TLS
341 The TLS channel bindings are constructed as an octet string for the
342 'application-data' field of the channel bindings by concatenating the
343 following values and in this order:
345 1. The ASCII string "GSS TLSv1.0 CB:"
346 2. The TLS finished message sent by the client
347 3. The TLS finished message sent by the server
348 4. Any additional application-provided data, encoded as the DER
349 encoding of an ASN.1 OCTET STRING
351 5.1 GSS_Make_tls_channel_bindings()
355 o client_finished_msg OCTET STRING,
356 o server_finished_msg OCTET STRING,
357 o additional_app_data OCTET STRING
361 o major_status INTEGER,
362 o minor_status INTEGER,
363 o channel_bindings_app_data OCTET STRING
365 Return major_status codes:
366 o GSS_S_COMPLETE indicates no error.
367 o GSS_S_FAILURE indicates failure to construct the channel bindings
368 as a result, perhaps, of a memory management, or similar failure.
370 This function constructs an OCTET STRING for use as the value of the
371 application-data field of the GSS-CHANNEL-BINDINGS structure
376 OM_uint32 gss_make_tls_channel_bindings(
377 OM_uint32 *minor_status,
378 const gss_buffer_t client_finished_msg,
379 const gss_buffer_t server_finished_msg,
380 const gss_buffer_t additional_app_data,
381 gss_buffer_t channel_bindings_app_data
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395 6. Channel Bindings for IPsec
397 The IPsec channel bindings are constructed as an octet string for the
398 'application-data' field of the channel bindings by concatenating the
399 following values and in this order:
401 1. The ASCII string "GSS IPsec CB:"
402 2. The transform ID for encryption, as a 16-bit big-endian word
403 3. The transform ID for integrity protection, as 16-bit in
405 4. The initiator ID payload as used in the key exchange protocol
406 used for setting up the channel's SAs
407 5. The responder ID payload as used in the key exchange protocol
408 used for setting up the channel's SAs
409 6. Any additional application-provided data, encoded as the DER
410 encoding of an ASN.1 OCTET STRING
412 Note that traffic selectors are not included. Inclusion of
413 confidentiality/integrity algorithms protects against MITMs that can
414 compromise weaker algorithms that policy might permit, for the same
415 peers, for other traffic.
417 6.1 GSS_Make_ipsec_channel_bindings()
423 o initiator_id OCTET_STRING,
424 o acceptor_id OCTET_STRING,
425 o additional_app_data OCTET STRING
429 o major_status INTEGER,
430 o minor_status INTEGER,
431 o channel_bindings_app_data OCTET STRING
433 Return major_status codes:
434 o GSS_S_COMPLETE indicates no error.
435 o GSS_S_FAILURE indicates failure to construct the channel bindings
436 as a result, perhaps, of a memory management, or similar failure.
438 This function constructs an OCTET STRING for use as the value of the
439 application-data field of the GSS-CHANNEL-BINDINGS structure
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453 OM_uint32 gss_make_ipsec_channel_bindings(
454 OM_uint32 *minor_status,
457 const gss_buffer_t initiator_id,
458 const gss_buffer_t acceptor_id,
459 const gss_buffer_t additional_app_data,
460 gss_buffer_t channel_bindings_app_data
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507 7. Security Considerations
509 For general security considerations relating to channel bindings see
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567 [RFC1964] Linn, J., "The Kerberos Version 5 GSS-API Mechanism", RFC
570 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
571 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
573 [RFC2743] Linn, J., "Generic Security Service Application Program
574 Interface Version 2, Update 1", RFC 2743, January 2000.
576 [RFC2744] Wray, J., "Generic Security Service API Version 2 :
577 C-bindings", RFC 2744, January 2000.
581 [RFC0854] Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Telnet Protocol
582 Specification", STD 8, RFC 854, May 1983.
584 [RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
585 specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
587 [RFC2025] Adams, C., "The Simple Public-Key GSS-API Mechanism
588 (SPKM)", RFC 2025, October 1996.
590 [RFC2203] Eisler, M., Chiu, A. and L. Ling, "RPCSEC_GSS Protocol
591 Specification", RFC 2203, September 1997.
593 [RFC2478] Baize, E. and D. Pinkas, "The Simple and Protected GSS-API
594 Negotiation Mechanism", RFC 2478, December 1998.
596 [RFC2623] Eisler, M., "NFS Version 2 and Version 3 Security Issues
597 and the NFS Protocol's Use of RPCSEC_GSS and Kerberos V5",
600 [RFC3530] Shepler, S., Callaghan, B., Robinson, D., Thurlow, R.,
601 Beame, C., Eisler, M. and D. Noveck, "Network File System
602 (NFS) version 4 Protocol", RFC 3530, April 2003.
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627 EMail: Nicolas.Williams@sun.com
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675 Appendix A. Acknowledgments
677 The author would like to thank Mike Eisler for his work on the
678 Channel Conjunction Mechanism I-D and for bringing the problem to a
679 head, Sam Hartman for pointing out that channel bindings provide a
680 general solution to the channel binding problem, Jeff Altman for his
681 suggestion of using the TLS finished messages as the TLS channel
682 bindings, Bill Sommerfeld, for his help in developing channel
683 bindings for IPsec, and Radia Perlman for her most helpful comments.
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