hdb: add no-auth-data-reqd flag to HDB entry

[heimdal.git] / kuser / kinit.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997-2007 Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan
 * (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden).
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include "kuser_locl.h"

#ifdef HAVE_FRAMEWORK_SECURITY
#include <Security/Security.h>
#endif

#ifndef NO_NTLM
#include "heimntlm.h"
#endif

#ifndef SIGINFO
#define SIGINFO SIGUSR1
#endif

int forwardable_flag    = -1;
int proxiable_flag      = -1;
int renewable_flag      = -1;
int renew_flag          = 0;
int pac_flag            = -1;
int validate_flag       = 0;
int version_flag        = 0;
int help_flag           = 0;
int addrs_flag          = -1;
struct getarg_strings extra_addresses;
int anonymous_flag      = 0;
char *lifetime          = NULL;
char *renew_life        = NULL;
char *server_str        = NULL;
static krb5_principal tgs_service;
char *cred_cache        = NULL;
char *start_str         = NULL;
static int default_for = 0;
static int switch_cache_flags = -1;
struct getarg_strings etype_str;
int use_keytab          = 0;
char *keytab_str        = NULL;
static krb5_keytab kt   = NULL;
int do_afslog           = -1;
int fcache_version;
char *password_file     = NULL;
char *pk_user_id        = NULL;
int pk_enterprise_flag = 0;
struct hx509_certs_data *ent_user_id = NULL;
char *pk_x509_anchors   = NULL;
int pk_use_enckey       = 0;
int pk_anon_fast_armor  = 0;
char *gss_preauth_mech  = NULL;
char *gss_preauth_name  = NULL;
char *kdc_hostname      = NULL;
static int canonicalize_flag = 0;
static int enterprise_flag = 0;
static int ok_as_delegate_flag = 0;
static char *fast_armor_cache_string = NULL;
static int use_referrals_flag = 0;
static int windows_flag = 0;
#ifndef NO_NTLM
static char *ntlm_domain;
#endif


static struct getargs args[] = {
    /*
     * used by MIT
     * a: ~A
     * V: verbose
     * F: ~f
     * P: ~p
     * C: v4 cache name?
     * 5:
     *
     * old flags
     * 4:
     * 9:
     */
    { "afslog",         0  , arg_flag, &do_afslog,
      NP_("obtain afs tokens", ""), NULL },

    { "cache",          'c', arg_string, &cred_cache,
      NP_("credentials cache", ""), "cachename" },

    { "forwardable",    'F', arg_negative_flag, &forwardable_flag,
      NP_("get tickets not forwardable", ""), NULL },

    { NULL,             'f', arg_flag, &forwardable_flag,
      NP_("get forwardable tickets", ""), NULL },

    { "keytab",         't', arg_string, &keytab_str,
      NP_("keytab to use", ""), "keytabname" },

    { "lifetime",       'l', arg_string, &lifetime,
      NP_("lifetime of tickets", ""), "time" },

    { "proxiable",      'p', arg_flag, &proxiable_flag,
      NP_("get proxiable tickets", ""), NULL },

    { "renew",          'R', arg_flag, &renew_flag,
      NP_("renew TGT", ""), NULL },

    { "renewable",      0,   arg_flag, &renewable_flag,
      NP_("get renewable tickets", ""), NULL },

    { "renewable-life", 'r', arg_string, &renew_life,
      NP_("renewable lifetime of tickets", ""), "time" },

    { "server",         'S', arg_string, &server_str,
      NP_("server to get ticket for", ""), "principal" },

    { "start-time",     's', arg_string, &start_str,
      NP_("when ticket gets valid", ""), "time" },

    { "use-keytab",     'k', arg_flag, &use_keytab,
      NP_("get key from keytab", ""), NULL },

    { "validate",       'v', arg_flag, &validate_flag,
      NP_("validate TGT", ""), NULL },

    { "enctypes",       'e', arg_strings, &etype_str,
      NP_("encryption types to use", ""), "enctypes" },

    { "fcache-version", 0,   arg_integer, &fcache_version,
      NP_("file cache version to create", ""), NULL },

    { "addresses",      'A',   arg_negative_flag,       &addrs_flag,
      NP_("request a ticket with no addresses", ""), NULL },

    { "extra-addresses",'a', arg_strings,       &extra_addresses,
      NP_("include these extra addresses", ""), "addresses" },

    { "anonymous",      'n',   arg_flag,        &anonymous_flag,
      NP_("request an anonymous ticket", ""), NULL },

    { "request-pac",    0,   arg_flag,  &pac_flag,
      NP_("request a Windows PAC", ""), NULL },

    { "password-file",  0,   arg_string, &password_file,
      NP_("read the password from a file", ""), NULL },

    { "canonicalize",0,   arg_flag, &canonicalize_flag,
      NP_("canonicalize client principal", ""), NULL },

    { "enterprise",0,   arg_flag, &enterprise_flag,
      NP_("parse principal as a KRB5-NT-ENTERPRISE name", ""), NULL },
#ifdef PKINIT
    { "pk-enterprise",  0,      arg_flag,       &pk_enterprise_flag,
      NP_("use enterprise name from certificate", ""), NULL },

    { "pk-user",        'C',    arg_string,     &pk_user_id,
      NP_("principal's public/private/certificate identifier", ""), "id" },

    { "x509-anchors",   'D',  arg_string, &pk_x509_anchors,
      NP_("directory with CA certificates", ""), "directory" },

    { "pk-use-enckey",  0,  arg_flag, &pk_use_enckey,
      NP_("Use RSA encrypted reply (instead of DH)", ""), NULL },

    { "pk-anon-fast-armor",     0,  arg_flag, &pk_anon_fast_armor,
      NP_("use unauthenticated anonymous PKINIT as FAST armor", ""), NULL },
#endif

    { "gss-mech",   0,  arg_string, &gss_preauth_mech,
      NP_("use GSS mechanism for pre-authentication", ""), NULL },

    { "gss-name",   0,  arg_string, &gss_preauth_name,
      NP_("use distinct GSS identity for pre-authentication", ""), NULL },

    { "kdc-hostname",   0,  arg_string, &kdc_hostname,
      NP_("KDC host name", ""), "hostname" },

#ifndef NO_NTLM
    { "ntlm-domain",    0,  arg_string, &ntlm_domain,
      NP_("NTLM domain", ""), "domain" },
#endif

    { "change-default",  0,  arg_negative_flag, &switch_cache_flags,
      NP_("switch the default cache to the new credentials cache", ""), NULL },

    { "default-for-principal",  0,  arg_flag, &default_for,
      NP_("Use a default cache appropriate for the client principal", ""), NULL },

    { "ok-as-delegate", 0,  arg_flag, &ok_as_delegate_flag,
      NP_("honor ok-as-delegate on tickets", ""), NULL },

    { "fast-armor-cache",       0,  arg_string, &fast_armor_cache_string,
      NP_("use this credential cache as FAST armor cache", ""), "cache" },

    { "use-referrals",  0,  arg_flag, &use_referrals_flag,
      NP_("only use referrals, no dns canalisation", ""), NULL },

    { "windows",        0,  arg_flag, &windows_flag,
      NP_("get windows behavior", ""), NULL },

    { "version",        0,   arg_flag, &version_flag, NULL, NULL },
    { "help",           0,   arg_flag, &help_flag, NULL, NULL }
};

static char *
get_default_realm(krb5_context context);

static void
usage(int ret)
{
    arg_printusage_i18n(args, sizeof(args)/sizeof(*args), N_("Usage: ", ""),
                        NULL, "[principal [command]]", getarg_i18n);
    exit(ret);
}

static krb5_error_code
tgs_principal(krb5_context context,
          krb5_ccache cache,
          krb5_principal client,
          krb5_const_realm tgs_realm,
          krb5_principal *out_princ)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    krb5_principal tgs_princ;
    krb5_creds creds;
    krb5_creds *tick;
    krb5_flags options;

    ret = krb5_make_principal(context, &tgs_princ, tgs_realm,
                              KRB5_TGS_NAME, tgs_realm, NULL);
    if (ret)
        return ret;

    /*
     * Don't fail-over to a different realm just because a TGT expired
     */
    options = KRB5_GC_CACHED | KRB5_GC_EXPIRED_OK;

    memset(&creds, 0, sizeof(creds));
    creds.client = client;
    creds.server = tgs_princ;
    ret = krb5_get_credentials(context, options, cache, &creds, &tick);
    if (ret == 0) {
        krb5_free_creds(context, tick);
        *out_princ = tgs_princ;
    } else {
        krb5_free_principal(context, tgs_princ);
    }

    return ret;
}


/*
 * Try TGS specified with '-S',
 * then TGS of client realm,
 * then if fallback is FALSE: fail,
 * otherwise try TGS of default realm,
 * and finally first TGT in ccache.
 */
static krb5_error_code
get_server(krb5_context context,
           krb5_ccache cache,
           krb5_principal client,
           const char *server,
           krb5_boolean fallback,
           krb5_principal *princ)
{
    krb5_error_code ret = 0;
    krb5_const_realm realm;
    krb5_realm def_realm;
    krb5_cc_cursor cursor;
    krb5_creds creds;
    const char *pcomp;

    if (tgs_service)
        goto done;

    if (server) {
        ret = krb5_parse_name(context, server, &tgs_service);
        goto done;
    }

    /* Try the client realm first */
    realm = krb5_principal_get_realm(context, client);
    ret = tgs_principal(context, cache, client, realm, &tgs_service);
    if (ret == 0 || ret != KRB5_CC_NOTFOUND)
        goto done;

    if (!fallback)
        return ret;

    /* Next try the default realm */
    ret = krb5_get_default_realm(context, &def_realm);
    if (ret)
        return ret;
    ret = tgs_principal(context, cache, client, def_realm, &tgs_service);
    free(def_realm);
    if (ret == 0 || ret != KRB5_CC_NOTFOUND)
        goto done;

    /* Finally try the first TGT with instance == realm in the cache */
    ret = krb5_cc_start_seq_get(context, cache, &cursor);
    if (ret)
        return ret;

    for (/**/; ret == 0; krb5_free_cred_contents (context, &creds)) {

        ret = krb5_cc_next_cred(context, cache, &cursor, &creds);
        if (ret)
            break;
        if (creds.server->name.name_string.len != 2)
            continue;
        pcomp = krb5_principal_get_comp_string(context, creds.server, 0);
        if (strcmp(pcomp, KRB5_TGS_NAME) != 0)
            continue;
        realm = krb5_principal_get_realm(context, creds.server);
        pcomp = krb5_principal_get_comp_string(context, creds.server, 1);
        if (strcmp(realm, pcomp) != 0)
            continue;
        ret = krb5_copy_principal(context, creds.server, &tgs_service);
        break;
    }
    if (ret == KRB5_CC_END) {
        ret = KRB5_CC_NOTFOUND;
        krb5_set_error_message(context, ret,
                               N_("Credential cache contains no TGTs", ""));
    }
    krb5_cc_end_seq_get(context, cache, &cursor);

done:
    if (!ret)
        ret = krb5_copy_principal(context, tgs_service, princ);
    return ret;
}

static krb5_error_code
copy_configs(krb5_context context,
             krb5_ccache dst,
             krb5_ccache src,
             krb5_principal start_ticket_server)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    const char *cfg_names[] = {"realm-config", "FriendlyName", "anon_pkinit_realm", NULL};
    const char *cfg_names_w_pname[] = {"fast_avail", NULL};
    krb5_data cfg_data;
    size_t i;

    for (i = 0; cfg_names[i]; i++) {
        ret = krb5_cc_get_config(context, src, NULL, cfg_names[i], &cfg_data);
        if (ret == KRB5_CC_NOTFOUND || ret == KRB5_CC_END) {
            continue;
        } else if (ret) {
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_get_config");
            return ret;
        }
        ret = krb5_cc_set_config(context, dst, NULL, cfg_names[i], &cfg_data);
        if (ret)
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_set_config");
    }
    for (i = 0; start_ticket_server && cfg_names_w_pname[i]; i++) {
        ret = krb5_cc_get_config(context, src, start_ticket_server,
                                 cfg_names_w_pname[i], &cfg_data);
        if (ret == KRB5_CC_NOTFOUND || ret == KRB5_CC_END) {
            continue;
        } else if (ret) {
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_get_config");
            return ret;
        }
        ret = krb5_cc_set_config(context, dst, start_ticket_server,
                                 cfg_names_w_pname[i], &cfg_data);
        if (ret && ret != KRB5_CC_NOTFOUND)
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_set_config");
    }
    /*
     * We don't copy cc configs for any other principals though (mostly
     * those are per-target time offsets and the like, so it's bad to
     * lose them, but hardly the end of the world, and as they may not
     * expire anyways, it's good to let them go).
     */
    return 0;
}

static krb5_error_code
get_anon_pkinit_tgs_name(krb5_context context,
                         krb5_ccache ccache,
                         krb5_principal *tgs_name)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    krb5_data data;
    char *realm;

    ret = krb5_cc_get_config(context, ccache, NULL, "anon_pkinit_realm", &data);
    if (ret == 0)
        realm = strndup(data.data, data.length);
    else
        realm = get_default_realm(context);

    krb5_data_free(&data);

    if (realm == NULL)
        return krb5_enomem(context);

    ret = krb5_make_principal(context, tgs_name, realm,
                              KRB5_TGS_NAME, realm, NULL);

    free(realm);

    return ret;
}

static krb5_error_code
renew_validate(krb5_context context,
               int renew,
               int validate,
               krb5_ccache *cachep,
               krb5_const_principal principal,
               krb5_boolean cache_is_default_for,
               const char *server,
               krb5_deltat life)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    krb5_ccache tempccache = NULL;
    krb5_ccache cache = *cachep;
    krb5_creds in, *out = NULL;
    krb5_kdc_flags flags;

    memset(&in, 0, sizeof(in));

    ret = krb5_cc_get_principal(context, cache, &in.client);
    if (ret && cache_is_default_for && principal) {
        krb5_error_code ret2;
        krb5_ccache def_ccache = NULL;

        ret2 = krb5_cc_default(context, &def_ccache);
        if (ret2 == 0)
            ret2 = krb5_cc_get_principal(context, def_ccache, &in.client);
        if (ret2 == 0 &&
            krb5_principal_compare(context, principal, in.client)) {
            krb5_cc_close(context, *cachep);
            cache = *cachep = def_ccache;
            def_ccache = NULL;
            ret = 0;
        }
        krb5_cc_close(context, def_ccache);
    }
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_get_principal");
        return ret;
    }

    if (principal && !krb5_principal_compare(context, principal, in.client)) {
        char *ccname = NULL;

        (void) krb5_cc_get_full_name(context, cache, &ccname);
        krb5_errx(context, 1, "Credentials in cache %s do not match requested "
                  "principal", ccname ? ccname : "requested");
        free(ccname);
    }

    if (server == NULL &&
        krb5_principal_is_anonymous(context, in.client,
                                    KRB5_ANON_MATCH_UNAUTHENTICATED))
        ret = get_anon_pkinit_tgs_name(context, cache, &in.server);
    else
        ret = get_server(context, cache, in.client, server, TRUE, &in.server);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "get_server");
        goto out;
    }

    if (renew) {
        /*
         * no need to check the error here, it's only to be
         * friendly to the user
         */
        krb5_get_credentials(context, KRB5_GC_CACHED, cache, &in, &out);
    }

    flags.i = 0;
    flags.b.renewable         = flags.b.renew = renew;
    flags.b.validate          = validate;

    if (forwardable_flag != -1)
        flags.b.forwardable       = forwardable_flag;
    else if (out)
        flags.b.forwardable       = out->flags.b.forwardable;

    if (proxiable_flag != -1)
        flags.b.proxiable         = proxiable_flag;
    else if (out)
        flags.b.proxiable         = out->flags.b.proxiable;

    if (anonymous_flag)
        flags.b.request_anonymous = anonymous_flag;
    if (life)
        in.times.endtime = time(NULL) + life;

    if (out) {
        krb5_free_creds(context, out);
        out = NULL;
    }


    ret = krb5_get_kdc_cred(context,
                            cache,
                            flags,
                            NULL,
                            NULL,
                            &in,
                            &out);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_get_kdc_cred");
        goto out;
    }

    ret = krb5_cc_new_unique(context, krb5_cc_get_type(context, cache),
                             NULL, &tempccache);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_new_unique");
        goto out;
    }

    ret = krb5_cc_initialize(context, tempccache, in.client);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_initialize");
        goto out;
    }

    ret = krb5_cc_store_cred(context, tempccache, out);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_store_cred");
        goto out;
    }

    /*
     * We want to preserve cc configs as some are security-relevant, and
     * anyways it's the friendly thing to do.
     */
    ret = copy_configs(context, tempccache, cache, out->server);
    if (ret)
        goto out;

    ret = krb5_cc_move(context, tempccache, cache);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_move");
        goto out;
    }
    tempccache = NULL;

out:
    if (tempccache)
        krb5_cc_destroy(context, tempccache);
    if (out)
        krb5_free_creds(context, out);
    krb5_free_cred_contents(context, &in);
    return ret;
}

static krb5_error_code
make_wellknown_name(krb5_context context,
                    krb5_const_realm realm,
                    const char *instance,
                    krb5_principal *principal)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;

    ret = krb5_make_principal(context, principal, realm,
                              KRB5_WELLKNOWN_NAME, instance, NULL);
    if (ret == 0)
        krb5_principal_set_type(context, *principal, KRB5_NT_WELLKNOWN);

    return ret;
}

static krb5_error_code
acquire_gss_cred(krb5_context context,
                 krb5_const_principal client,
                 krb5_deltat life,
                 const char *passwd,
                 gss_cred_id_t *cred,
                 gss_OID *mech)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    OM_uint32 major, minor;
    gss_name_t name = GSS_C_NO_NAME;
    gss_key_value_element_desc cred_element;
    gss_key_value_set_desc cred_store;
    gss_OID_set_desc mechs;

    *cred = GSS_C_NO_CREDENTIAL;
    *mech = GSS_C_NO_OID;

    if (gss_preauth_mech) {
        *mech = gss_name_to_oid(gss_preauth_mech);
        if (*mech == GSS_C_NO_OID)
            return EINVAL;
    }

    if (gss_preauth_name) {
        gss_buffer_desc buf;

        buf.value = gss_preauth_name;
        buf.length = strlen(gss_preauth_name);

        major = gss_import_name(&minor, &buf, GSS_C_NT_USER_NAME, &name);
        ret = _krb5_gss_map_error(major, minor);
    } else if (!krb5_principal_is_federated(context, client)) {
        ret = _krb5_gss_pa_unparse_name(context, client, &name);
    } else {
        /*
         * WELLKNOWN/FEDERATED is used a placeholder where the user
         * did not specify either a Kerberos credential or a GSS-API
         * initiator name. It avoids the expense of acquiring a default
         * credential purely to interrogate the credential name.
         */
        name = GSS_C_NO_NAME;
        ret = 0;
    }
    if (ret)
        goto out;

    cred_store.count = 1;
    cred_store.elements = &cred_element;

    if (passwd && passwd[0]) {
        cred_element.key = "password";
        cred_element.value = passwd;
    } else if (keytab_str) {
        cred_element.key = "client_keytab",
        cred_element.value = keytab_str;
    } else {
        cred_store.count = 0;
    }

    if (*mech) {
        mechs.count = 1;
        mechs.elements = (gss_OID)*mech;
    }

    major = gss_acquire_cred_from(&minor,
                                  name,
                                  life ? life : GSS_C_INDEFINITE,
                                  *mech ? &mechs : GSS_C_NO_OID_SET,
                                  GSS_C_INITIATE,
                                  &cred_store,
                                  cred,
                                  NULL,
                                  NULL);
    if (major != GSS_S_COMPLETE) {
        ret = _krb5_gss_map_error(major, minor);
        goto out;
    }

out:
    gss_release_name(&minor, &name);
    return ret;
}

#ifndef NO_NTLM

static krb5_error_code
store_ntlmkey(krb5_context context, krb5_ccache id,
              const char *domain, struct ntlm_buf *buf)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    krb5_data data;
    char *name;
    int aret;

    ret = krb5_cc_get_config(context, id, NULL, "default-ntlm-domain", &data);
    if (ret == 0) {
        krb5_data_free(&data);
    } else {
        data.length = strlen(domain);
        data.data = rk_UNCONST(domain);
        ret = krb5_cc_set_config(context, id, NULL, "default-ntlm-domain", &data);
        if (ret != 0)
            return ret;
    }

    aret = asprintf(&name, "ntlm-key-%s", domain);
    if (aret == -1 || name == NULL)
        return krb5_enomem(context);

    data.length = buf->length;
    data.data = buf->data;

    ret = krb5_cc_set_config(context, id, NULL, name, &data);
    free(name);
    return ret;
}
#endif

static krb5_error_code
get_new_tickets(krb5_context context,
                krb5_principal principal,
                krb5_ccache ccache,
                krb5_deltat ticket_life,
                int interactive,
                int anonymous_pkinit)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    krb5_creds cred;
    char passwd[256];
    krb5_deltat start_time = 0;
    krb5_deltat renew = 0;
    const char *renewstr = NULL;
    krb5_enctype *enctype = NULL;
    krb5_ccache tempccache = NULL;
    krb5_init_creds_context ctx = NULL;
    krb5_get_init_creds_opt *opt = NULL;
    krb5_prompter_fct prompter = krb5_prompter_posix;
    gss_cred_id_t gss_cred = GSS_C_NO_CREDENTIAL;
    gss_OID gss_mech = GSS_C_NO_OID;
    krb5_principal federated_name = NULL;

#ifndef NO_NTLM
    struct ntlm_buf ntlmkey;
    memset(&ntlmkey, 0, sizeof(ntlmkey));
#endif
    passwd[0] = '\0';

    if (!interactive)
        prompter = NULL;

    if (password_file) {
        FILE *f;

        if (strcasecmp("STDIN", password_file) == 0)
            f = stdin;
        else
            f = fopen(password_file, "r");
        if (f == NULL) {
            krb5_warnx(context, N_("Failed to open the password file %s", ""),
                       password_file);
            return errno;
        }

        if (fgets(passwd, sizeof(passwd), f) == NULL) {
            krb5_warnx(context, N_("Failed to read password from file %s", ""),
                       password_file);
            if (f != stdin)
                fclose(f);
            return EINVAL; /* XXX Need a better error */
        }
        if (f != stdin)
            fclose(f);
        passwd[strcspn(passwd, "\n")] = '\0';
    }

#ifdef HAVE_FRAMEWORK_SECURITY
    if (passwd[0] == '\0') {
        const char *realm;
        OSStatus osret;
        UInt32 length;
        void *buffer;
        char *name;

        realm = krb5_principal_get_realm(context, principal);

        ret = krb5_unparse_name_flags(context, principal,
                                      KRB5_PRINCIPAL_UNPARSE_NO_REALM, &name);
        if (ret)
            goto nopassword;

        osret = SecKeychainFindGenericPassword(NULL, strlen(realm), realm,
                                               strlen(name), name,
                                               &length, &buffer, NULL);
        free(name);
        if (osret == noErr && length < sizeof(passwd) - 1) {
            memcpy(passwd, buffer, length);
            passwd[length] = '\0';
        }
    nopassword:
        do { } while(0);
    }
#endif

    memset(&cred, 0, sizeof(cred));

    ret = krb5_get_init_creds_opt_alloc(context, &opt);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_get_init_creds_opt_alloc");
        goto out;
    }

    krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_default_flags(context, "kinit",
        krb5_principal_get_realm(context, principal), opt);

    if (forwardable_flag != -1)
        krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_forwardable(opt, forwardable_flag);
    if (proxiable_flag != -1)
        krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_proxiable(opt, proxiable_flag);
    if (anonymous_flag)
        krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_anonymous(opt, anonymous_flag);
    if (pac_flag != -1)
        krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_pac_request(context, opt,
                                                pac_flag ? TRUE : FALSE);
    if (canonicalize_flag)
        krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_canonicalize(context, opt, TRUE);
    if (pk_enterprise_flag || enterprise_flag || canonicalize_flag || windows_flag)
        krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_win2k(context, opt, TRUE);
    if (pk_user_id || ent_user_id || anonymous_pkinit) {
        ret = krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_pkinit(context, opt,
                                                 principal,
                                                 pk_user_id,
                                                 pk_x509_anchors,
                                                 NULL,
                                                 NULL,
                                                 pk_use_enckey ? KRB5_GIC_OPT_PKINIT_USE_ENCKEY : 0 |
                                                 anonymous_pkinit ? KRB5_GIC_OPT_PKINIT_ANONYMOUS : 0,
                                                 prompter,
                                                 NULL,
                                                 passwd);
        if (ret) {
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_pkinit");
            goto out;
        }
        if (ent_user_id)
            krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_pkinit_user_certs(context, opt, ent_user_id);
    }

    if (addrs_flag != -1)
        krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_addressless(context, opt,
                                                addrs_flag ? FALSE : TRUE);

    if (renew_life == NULL && renewable_flag)
        renewstr = "6 months";
    if (renew_life)
        renewstr = renew_life;
    if (renewstr) {
        renew = parse_time(renewstr, "s");
        if (renew < 0)
            errx(1, "unparsable time: %s", renewstr);

        krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_renew_life(opt, renew);
    }

    if (ticket_life != 0)
        krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_tkt_life(opt, ticket_life);

    if (start_str) {
        int tmp = parse_time(start_str, "s");
        if (tmp < 0)
            errx(1, N_("unparsable time: %s", ""), start_str);

        start_time = tmp;
    }

    if (etype_str.num_strings) {
        int i;

        enctype = malloc(etype_str.num_strings * sizeof(*enctype));
        if (enctype == NULL)
            errx(1, "out of memory");
        for(i = 0; i < etype_str.num_strings; i++) {
            ret = krb5_string_to_enctype(context,
                                         etype_str.strings[i],
                                         &enctype[i]);
            if (ret)
                errx(1, "unrecognized enctype: %s", etype_str.strings[i]);
        }
        krb5_get_init_creds_opt_set_etype_list(opt, enctype,
                                               etype_str.num_strings);
    }

    if (gss_preauth_mech || gss_preauth_name) {
        ret = acquire_gss_cred(context, principal, ticket_life,
                               passwd, &gss_cred, &gss_mech);
        if (ret)
            goto out;

        /*
         * The principal specified on the command line is used as the GSS-API
         * initiator name, unless the --gss-name option was present, in which
         * case the initiator name is specified independently.
         */
        if (gss_preauth_name == NULL) {
            krb5_const_realm realm = krb5_principal_get_realm(context, principal);

            ret = make_wellknown_name(context, realm,
                                      KRB5_FEDERATED_NAME, &federated_name);
            if (ret)
                goto out;

            principal = federated_name;
        }
    }

    ret = krb5_init_creds_init(context, principal, prompter, NULL, start_time, opt, &ctx);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_init_creds_init");
        goto out;
    }

    if (server_str) {
        ret = krb5_init_creds_set_service(context, ctx, server_str);
        if (ret) {
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_init_creds_set_service");
            goto out;
        }
    }

    if (kdc_hostname) {
        ret = krb5_init_creds_set_kdc_hostname(context, ctx, kdc_hostname);
        if (ret) {
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_init_creds_set_kdc_hostname");
            goto out;
        }
    }

    if (fast_armor_cache_string) {
        krb5_ccache fastid = NULL;

        if (pk_anon_fast_armor)
            krb5_errx(context, 1,
                N_("cannot specify FAST armor cache with FAST "
                     "anonymous PKINIT option", ""));

        ret = krb5_cc_resolve(context, fast_armor_cache_string, &fastid);
        if (ret) {
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_resolve(FAST cache)");
            goto out;
        }

        ret = krb5_init_creds_set_fast_ccache(context, ctx, fastid);
        if (ret) {
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_init_creds_set_fast_ccache");
            goto out;
        }
    } else if (pk_anon_fast_armor) {
        ret = krb5_init_creds_set_fast_anon_pkinit(context, ctx);
        if (ret) {
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_init_creds_set_fast_anon_pkinit");
            goto out;
        }
    }

    if (gss_mech != GSS_C_NO_OID) {
        ret = krb5_gss_set_init_creds(context, ctx, gss_cred, gss_mech);
        if (ret) {
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_gss_set_init_creds");
            goto out;
        }
    } else if (use_keytab || keytab_str) {
        ret = krb5_init_creds_set_keytab(context, ctx, kt);
        if (ret) {
            krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_init_creds_set_keytab");
            goto out;
        }
    } else if (pk_user_id || ent_user_id ||
               krb5_principal_is_anonymous(context, principal, KRB5_ANON_MATCH_ANY)) {
        /* nop */;
    } else if (!interactive && passwd[0] == '\0') {
        static int already_warned = 0;

        if (!already_warned)
            krb5_warnx(context, "Not interactive, failed to get "
              "initial ticket");
        krb5_get_init_creds_opt_free(context, opt);
        already_warned = 1;
        return 0;
    } else {

        if (passwd[0] == '\0') {
            char *p, *prompt;
            int aret = 0;

            ret = krb5_unparse_name(context, principal, &p);
            if (ret)
                errx(1, "failed to generate passwd prompt: not enough memory");

            aret = asprintf(&prompt, N_("%s's Password: ", ""), p);
            free(p);
            if (aret == -1)
                errx(1, "failed to generate passwd prompt: not enough memory");

            if (UI_UTIL_read_pw_string(passwd, sizeof(passwd)-1, prompt, 0)){
                memset(passwd, 0, sizeof(passwd));
                errx(1, "failed to read password");
            }
            free(prompt);
        }

        if (passwd[0]) {
            ret = krb5_init_creds_set_password(context, ctx, passwd);
            if (ret) {
                krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_init_creds_set_password");
                goto out;
            }
        }
    }

    ret = krb5_init_creds_get(context, ctx);

#ifndef NO_NTLM
    if (ntlm_domain && passwd[0])
        heim_ntlm_nt_key(passwd, &ntlmkey);
#endif
    memset_s(passwd, sizeof(passwd), 0, sizeof(passwd));

    switch(ret){
    case 0:
        break;
    case KRB5_LIBOS_PWDINTR: /* don't print anything if it was just C-c:ed */
        exit(1);
    case KRB5KRB_AP_ERR_BAD_INTEGRITY:
    case KRB5KRB_AP_ERR_MODIFIED:
    case KRB5KDC_ERR_PREAUTH_FAILED:
    case KRB5_GET_IN_TKT_LOOP:
        krb5_warnx(context, N_("Password incorrect", ""));
        goto out;
    case KRB5KRB_AP_ERR_V4_REPLY:
        krb5_warnx(context, N_("Looks like a Kerberos 4 reply", ""));
        goto out;
    case KRB5KDC_ERR_KEY_EXPIRED:
        krb5_warnx(context, N_("Password expired", ""));
        goto out;
    default:
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_get_init_creds");
        goto out;
    }

    krb5_process_last_request(context, opt, ctx);

    ret = krb5_init_creds_get_creds(context, ctx, &cred);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_init_creds_get_creds");
        goto out;
    }

    if (ticket_life != 0) {
        if (labs(cred.times.endtime - cred.times.starttime - ticket_life) > 30) {
            char life[64];
            unparse_time_approx(cred.times.endtime - cred.times.starttime,
                                life, sizeof(life));
            krb5_warnx(context, N_("NOTICE: ticket lifetime is %s", ""), life);
        }
    }
    if (renew_life) {
        if (labs(cred.times.renew_till - cred.times.starttime - renew) > 30) {
            char life[64];
            unparse_time_approx(cred.times.renew_till - cred.times.starttime,
                                life, sizeof(life));
            krb5_warnx(context,
                       N_("NOTICE: ticket renewable lifetime is %s", ""),
                       life);
        }
    }
    krb5_free_cred_contents(context, &cred);

    ret = krb5_cc_new_unique(context, krb5_cc_get_type(context, ccache),
                             NULL, &tempccache);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_new_unique");
        goto out;
    }

    ret = krb5_init_creds_store(context, ctx, tempccache);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_init_creds_store");
        goto out;
    }

    ret = krb5_init_creds_store_config(context, ctx, tempccache);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_init_creds_store_config");
        goto out;
    }

    ret = krb5_init_creds_warn_user(context, ctx);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_init_creds_warn_user");
        goto out;
    }

    krb5_init_creds_free(context, ctx);
    ctx = NULL;

    ret = krb5_cc_move(context, tempccache, ccache);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_move");
        goto out;
    }
    tempccache = NULL;

    if (switch_cache_flags)
        krb5_cc_switch(context, ccache);

#ifndef NO_NTLM
    if (ntlm_domain && ntlmkey.data)
        store_ntlmkey(context, ccache, ntlm_domain, &ntlmkey);
#endif

    if (ok_as_delegate_flag || windows_flag || use_referrals_flag) {
        unsigned char d = 0;
        krb5_data data;

        if (ok_as_delegate_flag || windows_flag)
            d |= 1;
        if (use_referrals_flag || windows_flag)
            d |= 2;

        data.length = 1;
        data.data = &d;

        krb5_cc_set_config(context, ccache, NULL, "realm-config", &data);
    }

    if (anonymous_pkinit) {
        krb5_data data;

        data.length = strlen(principal->realm);
        data.data = principal->realm;

        krb5_cc_set_config(context, ccache, NULL, "anon_pkinit_realm", &data);
    }

out:
    {
        OM_uint32 minor;
        gss_release_cred(&minor, &gss_cred);
    }
    krb5_free_principal(context, federated_name);
    krb5_get_init_creds_opt_free(context, opt);
    if (ctx)
        krb5_init_creds_free(context, ctx);
    if (tempccache)
        krb5_cc_destroy(context, tempccache);
    if (enctype)
        free(enctype);

    return ret;
}

static time_t
ticket_lifetime(krb5_context context, krb5_ccache cache, krb5_principal client,
                const char *server, time_t *renew)
{
    krb5_creds in_cred, *cred;
    krb5_error_code ret;
    time_t timeout;
    time_t curtime;

    memset(&in_cred, 0, sizeof(in_cred));

    if (renew != NULL)
        *renew = 0;

    ret = krb5_cc_get_principal(context, cache, &in_cred.client);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_cc_get_principal");
        return 0;
    }

    /* Determine TGS principal without fallback */
    ret = get_server(context, cache, in_cred.client, server, FALSE,
                     &in_cred.server);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_free_principal(context, in_cred.client);
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "get_server");
        return 0;
    }

    ret = krb5_get_credentials(context, KRB5_GC_CACHED,
                               cache, &in_cred, &cred);
    krb5_free_principal(context, in_cred.client);
    krb5_free_principal(context, in_cred.server);
    if (ret) {
        krb5_warn(context, ret, "krb5_get_credentials");
        return 0;
    }
    curtime = time(NULL);
    timeout = cred->times.endtime - curtime;
    if (timeout < 0)
        timeout = 0;
    if (renew) {
        *renew = cred->times.renew_till - curtime;
        if (*renew < 0)
            *renew = 0;
    }
    krb5_free_creds(context, cred);
    return timeout;
}

static time_t expire;

static char siginfo_msg[1024] = "No credentials\n";

static void
update_siginfo_msg(time_t exp, const char *srv)
{
    /* Note that exp is relative time */
    memset(siginfo_msg, 0, sizeof(siginfo_msg));
    memcpy(&siginfo_msg, "Updating...\n", sizeof("Updating...\n"));
    if (exp) {
        if (srv == NULL) {
            snprintf(siginfo_msg, sizeof(siginfo_msg),
                     N_("kinit: TGT expires in %llu seconds\n", ""),
                     (unsigned long long)expire);
        } else {
            snprintf(siginfo_msg, sizeof(siginfo_msg),
                     N_("kinit: Ticket for %s expired\n", ""), srv);
        }
        return;
    }

    /* Expired creds */
    if (srv == NULL) {
        snprintf(siginfo_msg, sizeof(siginfo_msg),
                 N_("kinit: TGT expired\n", ""));
    } else {
        snprintf(siginfo_msg, sizeof(siginfo_msg),
                 N_("kinit: Ticket for %s expired\n", ""), srv);
    }
}

#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
static void
handle_siginfo(int sig)
{
    struct iovec iov[2];

    iov[0].iov_base = rk_UNCONST(siginfo_msg);
    iov[0].iov_len = strlen(siginfo_msg);
    iov[1].iov_base = "\n";
    iov[1].iov_len = 1;

    writev(STDERR_FILENO, iov, sizeof(iov)/sizeof(iov[0]));
}
#endif

struct renew_ctx {
    krb5_context context;
    krb5_ccache  ccache;
    krb5_principal principal;
    krb5_deltat ticket_life;
    krb5_deltat timeout;
    int anonymous_pkinit;
};

static time_t
renew_func(void *ptr)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    struct renew_ctx *ctx = ptr;
    time_t renew_expire;
    static time_t exp_delay = 1;

    /*
     * NOTE: We count on the ccache implementation to notice changes to the
     * actual ccache filesystem/whatever objects.  There should be no ccache
     * types for which this is not the case, but it might not hurt to
     * re-krb5_cc_resolve() after each successful renew_validate()/
     * get_new_tickets() call.
     */

    expire = ticket_lifetime(ctx->context, ctx->ccache, ctx->principal,
                             server_str, &renew_expire);

    /*
     * When a keytab is available to obtain new tickets, if we are within
     * half of the original ticket lifetime of the renew limit, get a new
     * TGT instead of renewing the existing TGT.  Note, ctx->ticket_life
     * is zero by default (without a '-l' option) and cannot be used to
     * set the time scale on which we decide whether we're "close to the
     * renew limit".
     */
    if (use_keytab || keytab_str)
        expire += ctx->timeout;
    if (renew_expire > expire) {
        ret = renew_validate(ctx->context, 1, validate_flag, &ctx->ccache,
                             NULL, FALSE, server_str, ctx->ticket_life);
    } else {
        ret = get_new_tickets(ctx->context, ctx->principal, ctx->ccache,
                              ctx->ticket_life, 0, ctx->anonymous_pkinit);
    }
    expire = ticket_lifetime(ctx->context, ctx->ccache, ctx->principal,
                             server_str, &renew_expire);

#ifndef NO_AFS
    if (ret == 0 && server_str == NULL && do_afslog && k_hasafs())
        krb5_afslog(ctx->context, ctx->ccache, NULL, NULL);
#endif

    update_siginfo_msg(expire, server_str);

    /*
     * If our tickets have expired and we been able to either renew them
     * or obtain new tickets, then we still call this function but we use
     * an exponential backoff.  This should take care of the case where
     * we are using stored credentials but the KDC has been unavailable
     * for some reason...
     */

    if (expire < 1) {
        /*
         * We can't ask to keep spamming stderr but not syslog, so we warn
         * only once.
         */
        if (exp_delay == 1) {
            krb5_warnx(ctx->context, N_("NOTICE: Could not renew/refresh "
                                        "tickets", ""));
        }
        if (exp_delay < 7200)
            exp_delay += exp_delay / 2 + 1;
        return exp_delay;
    }
    exp_delay = 1;

    return expire / 2 + 1;
}

static void
set_princ_realm(krb5_context context,
                krb5_principal principal,
                const char *realm)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;

    if ((ret = krb5_principal_set_realm(context, principal, realm)) != 0)
        krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_principal_set_realm");
}

static void
parse_name_realm(krb5_context context,
                 const char *name,
                 int flags,
                 const char *realm,
                 krb5_principal *princ)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    
    if (realm)
        flags |= KRB5_PRINCIPAL_PARSE_NO_DEF_REALM;
    if ((ret = krb5_parse_name_flags(context, name, flags, princ)) != 0)
        krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_parse_name_flags");
    if (realm && krb5_principal_get_realm(context, *princ) == NULL)
        set_princ_realm(context, *princ, realm);
}

static char *
get_default_realm(krb5_context context)
{
    char *realm;
    krb5_error_code ret;

    if ((ret = krb5_get_default_realm(context, &realm)) != 0)
        krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_get_default_realm");
    return realm;
}

static void
get_default_principal(krb5_context context, krb5_principal *princ)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;

    if ((ret = krb5_get_default_principal(context, princ)) != 0)
        krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_get_default_principal");
}

static char *
get_user_realm(krb5_context context)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    char *user_realm = NULL;

    /*
     * If memory allocation fails, we don't try to use the wrong realm,
     * that will trigger misleading error messages complicate support.
     */
    krb5_appdefault_string(context, "kinit", NULL, "user_realm", "",
                           &user_realm);
    if (user_realm == NULL) {
        ret = krb5_enomem(context);
        krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_appdefault_string");
    }

    if (*user_realm == 0) {
        free(user_realm);
        user_realm = NULL;
    }

    return user_realm;
}

static void
get_princ(krb5_context context,
          krb5_principal *principal,
          const char *ccname,
          const char *name)
{
    krb5_error_code ret = 0;
    krb5_principal tmp;
    int parseflags = 0;
    char *user_realm;

    if (name == NULL) {
        krb5_ccache ccache = NULL;

        /* If credential cache provides a client principal, use that. */
        if (ccname)
            ret = krb5_cc_resolve(context, ccname, &ccache);
        else
            ret = krb5_cc_default(context, &ccache);
        if (ret  == 0)
            ret = krb5_cc_get_principal(context, ccache, principal);
        krb5_cc_close(context, ccache);
        if (ret == 0)
            return;
    }

    user_realm = get_user_realm(context);

    if (name) {
        if (enterprise_flag)
            parseflags |= KRB5_PRINCIPAL_PARSE_ENTERPRISE;

        parse_name_realm(context, name, parseflags, user_realm, &tmp);

        if (user_realm && krb5_principal_get_num_comp(context, tmp) > 1) {
            /* Principal is instance qualified, reparse with default realm. */
            krb5_free_principal(context, tmp);
            parse_name_realm(context, name, parseflags, NULL, principal);
        } else {
            *principal = tmp;
        }
    } else {
        get_default_principal(context, principal);
        if (user_realm)
            set_princ_realm(context, *principal, user_realm);
    }

    if (user_realm)
        free(user_realm);
}

static void
get_princ_kt(krb5_context context,
             krb5_principal *principal,
             char *name)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    krb5_principal tmp;
    krb5_ccache ccache;
    krb5_kt_cursor cursor;
    krb5_keytab_entry entry;
    char *def_realm;

    if (name == NULL) {
        /*
         * If the credential cache exists and specifies a client principal,
         * use that.
         */
        if (krb5_cc_default(context, &ccache) == 0) {
            ret = krb5_cc_get_principal(context, ccache, principal);
            krb5_cc_close(context, ccache);
            if (ret == 0)
                return;
        }
    }

    if (name) {
        /* If the principal specifies an explicit realm, just use that. */
        int parseflags = KRB5_PRINCIPAL_PARSE_NO_DEF_REALM;

        parse_name_realm(context, name, parseflags, NULL, &tmp);
        if (krb5_principal_get_realm(context, tmp) != NULL) {
            *principal = tmp;
            return;
        }
    } else {
        /* Otherwise, search keytab for bare name of the default principal. */
        get_default_principal(context, &tmp);
        set_princ_realm(context, tmp, NULL);
    }

    def_realm = get_default_realm(context);

    ret = krb5_kt_start_seq_get(context, kt, &cursor);
    if (ret)
        krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_kt_start_seq_get");

    while (ret == 0 &&
           krb5_kt_next_entry(context, kt, &entry, &cursor) == 0) {
        const char *realm;

        if (!krb5_principal_compare_any_realm(context, tmp, entry.principal))
            continue;
        if (*principal &&
            krb5_principal_compare(context, *principal, entry.principal))
            continue;
        /* The default realm takes precedence */
        realm = krb5_principal_get_realm(context, entry.principal);
        if (*principal && strcmp(def_realm, realm) == 0) {
            krb5_free_principal(context, *principal);
            ret = krb5_copy_principal(context, entry.principal, principal);
            break;
        }
        if (!*principal)
            ret = krb5_copy_principal(context, entry.principal, principal);
    }
    if (ret != 0 || (ret = krb5_kt_end_seq_get(context, kt, &cursor)) != 0)
        krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "get_princ_kt");
    if (!*principal) {
        if (name)
            parse_name_realm(context, name, 0, NULL, principal);
        else
            krb5_err(context, 1, KRB5_CC_NOTFOUND, "get_princ_kt");
    }

    krb5_free_principal(context, tmp);
    free(def_realm);
}

static krb5_error_code
get_switched_ccache(krb5_context context,
                    const char * type,
                    krb5_principal principal,
                    krb5_ccache *ccache)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;

#ifdef _WIN32
    if (strcmp(type, "API") == 0) {
        /*
         * Windows stores the default ccache name in the
         * registry which is shared across multiple logon
         * sessions for the same user.  The API credential
         * cache provides a unique name space per logon
         * session.  Therefore there is no need to generate
         * a unique ccache name.  Instead use the principal
         * name.  This provides a friendlier user experience.
         */
        char * unparsed_name;
        char * cred_cache;

        ret = krb5_unparse_name(context, principal,
                                &unparsed_name);
        if (ret)
            krb5_err(context, 1, ret,
                     N_("unparsing principal name", ""));

        ret = asprintf(&cred_cache, "API:%s", unparsed_name);
        krb5_free_unparsed_name(context, unparsed_name);
        if (ret == -1 || cred_cache == NULL)
            krb5_err(context, 1, ret,
                      N_("building credential cache name", ""));

        ret = krb5_cc_resolve(context, cred_cache, ccache);
        free(cred_cache);
    } else if (strcmp(type, "MSLSA") == 0) {
        /*
         * The Windows MSLSA cache when it is writeable
         * stores tickets for multiple client principals
         * in a single credential cache.
         */
        ret = krb5_cc_resolve(context, "MSLSA:", ccache);
    } else {
        ret = krb5_cc_new_unique(context, type, NULL, ccache);
    }
#else /* !_WIN32 */
    ret = krb5_cc_new_unique(context, type, NULL, ccache);
#endif /* _WIN32 */

    return ret;
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    krb5_error_code ret;
    krb5_context context;
    krb5_ccache  ccache;
    krb5_principal principal = NULL;
    int optidx = 0;
    krb5_deltat ticket_life = 0;
#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
    struct sigaction sa;
#endif
    krb5_boolean unique_ccache = FALSE;
    krb5_boolean historical_anon_pkinit = FALSE;
    int anonymous_pkinit = FALSE;

    setprogname(argv[0]);

    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    bindtextdomain("heimdal_kuser", HEIMDAL_LOCALEDIR);
    textdomain("heimdal_kuser");

    ret = krb5_init_context(&context);
    if (ret == KRB5_CONFIG_BADFORMAT)
        errx(1, "krb5_init_context failed to parse configuration file");
    else if (ret)
        errx(1, "krb5_init_context failed: %d", ret);

    if (getarg(args, sizeof(args) / sizeof(args[0]), argc, argv, &optidx))
        usage(1);

    if (help_flag)
        usage(0);

    if (version_flag) {
        print_version(NULL);
        exit(0);
    }

    argc -= optidx;
    argv += optidx;

    krb5_appdefault_boolean(context, "kinit", NULL, "historical_anon_pkinit",
                            FALSE, &historical_anon_pkinit);

    /*
     * Open the keytab now, we use the keytab to determine the principal's
     * realm when the requested principal has no realm.
     */
    if (use_keytab || keytab_str) {
        if (keytab_str)
            ret = krb5_kt_resolve(context, keytab_str, &kt);
        else
            ret = krb5_kt_default(context, &kt);
        if (ret)
            krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "resolving keytab");
    }

    if (pk_enterprise_flag) {
        ret = krb5_pk_enterprise_cert(context, pk_user_id,
                                      argv[0], &principal,
                                      &ent_user_id);
        if (ret)
            krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_pk_enterprise_certs");

        pk_user_id = NULL;
    } else if (argc && argv[0][0] == '@' &&
        (gss_preauth_mech || anonymous_flag)) {
        const char *instance;

        if (gss_preauth_mech) {
            instance = KRB5_FEDERATED_NAME;
        } else if (anonymous_flag) {
            instance = KRB5_ANON_NAME;
            anonymous_pkinit = TRUE;
        }

        ret = make_wellknown_name(context, &argv[0][1], instance, &principal);
        if (ret)
            krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "make_wellknown_name");
    } else if (anonymous_flag && historical_anon_pkinit) {
        char *realm = argc == 0 ? get_default_realm(context) :
                      argv[0][0] == '@' ? &argv[0][1] : argv[0];

        ret = krb5_make_principal(context, &principal, realm,
                                  KRB5_WELLKNOWN_NAME, KRB5_ANON_NAME, NULL);
        if (ret)
            krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_make_principal");
        krb5_principal_set_type(context, principal, KRB5_NT_WELLKNOWN);
        anonymous_pkinit = TRUE;
    } else if (use_keytab || keytab_str) {
        get_princ_kt(context, &principal, argv[0]);
    } else if (gss_preauth_mech && argc == 0 && gss_preauth_name == NULL) {
        /*
         * Use the federated name as a placeholder if we have neither a Kerberos
         * nor a GSS-API client name, and we are performing GSS-API preauth.
         */
        ret = make_wellknown_name(context, get_default_realm(context),
                                  KRB5_FEDERATED_NAME, &principal);
        if (ret)
            krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "make_wellknown_name");
    } else {
        get_princ(context, &principal, cred_cache, argv[0]);
    }

    if (fcache_version)
        krb5_set_fcache_version(context, fcache_version);

    if (renewable_flag == -1)
        /* this seems somewhat pointless, but whatever */
        krb5_appdefault_boolean(context, "kinit",
                                krb5_principal_get_realm(context, principal),
                                "renewable", FALSE, &renewable_flag);
    if (do_afslog == -1)
        krb5_appdefault_boolean(context, "kinit",
                                krb5_principal_get_realm(context, principal),
                                "afslog", TRUE, &do_afslog);

    /*
     * Cases:
     *
     *  - use the given ccache
     *  - use a new unique ccache for running a command with (in this case we
     *    get to set KRB5CCNAME, so a new unique ccache makes sense)
     *  - use the default ccache for the given principal as requested and do
     *    not later switch the collection's default/primary to it
     *  - use the default cache, possibly a new unique one that later gets
     *    switched to it
     *
     * The important thing is that, except for the case where we're running a
     * command, we _can't set KRB5CCNAME_, and we can't expect the user to read
     * our output and figure out to set it (we could have an output-for-shell-
     * eval mode, like ssh-agent and such, but we don't).  Therefore, in all
     * cases where we can't set KRB5CCNAME we must do something that makes
     * sense to the user, and that is to either initialize a given ccache, use
     * the default, or use a subsidiary ccache named after the principal whose
     * creds we're initializing.
     */
    if (cred_cache) {
        /* Use the given ccache */
        ret = krb5_cc_resolve(context, cred_cache, &ccache);
    } else if (argc > 1) {
        char s[1024];

        /*
         * A command was given, so use a new unique ccache (and destroy it
         * later).
         */
        ret = krb5_cc_new_unique(context, NULL, NULL, &ccache);
        if (ret)
            krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "creating cred cache");
        snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s:%s",
                 krb5_cc_get_type(context, ccache),
                 krb5_cc_get_name(context, ccache));
        setenv("KRB5CCNAME", s, 1);
        unique_ccache = TRUE;
        switch_cache_flags = 0;
    } else if (default_for) {
        ret = krb5_cc_default_for(context, principal, &ccache);
        if (switch_cache_flags == -1)
            switch_cache_flags = 0;
    } else {
        ret = krb5_cc_cache_match(context, principal, &ccache);
        if (ret) {
            const char *type;
            ret = krb5_cc_default(context, &ccache);
            if (ret)
                krb5_err(context, 1, ret,
                         N_("resolving credentials cache", ""));

            /*
             * Check if the type support switching, and we do,
             * then do that instead over overwriting the current
             * default credential
             */
            type = krb5_cc_get_type(context, ccache);
            if (krb5_cc_support_switch(context, type) &&
                strcmp(type, "FILE")) {
                krb5_cc_close(context, ccache);
                ret = get_switched_ccache(context, type, principal,
                                          &ccache);
                if (ret == 0)
                    unique_ccache = TRUE;
            }
        }
    }
    if (ret)
        krb5_err(context, 1, ret, N_("resolving credentials cache", ""));

#ifndef NO_AFS
    if (argc > 1 && k_hasafs())
        k_setpag();
#endif

    if (lifetime) {
        int tmp = parse_time(lifetime, "s");
        if (tmp < 0)
            errx(1, N_("unparsable time: %s", ""), lifetime);

        ticket_life = tmp;
    }

    if (addrs_flag == 0 && extra_addresses.num_strings > 0)
        krb5_errx(context, 1,
                  N_("specifying both extra addresses and "
                     "no addresses makes no sense", ""));
    {
        int i;
        krb5_addresses addresses;
        memset(&addresses, 0, sizeof(addresses));
        for(i = 0; i < extra_addresses.num_strings; i++) {
            ret = krb5_parse_address(context, extra_addresses.strings[i],
                                     &addresses);
            if (ret == 0) {
                krb5_add_extra_addresses(context, &addresses);
                krb5_free_addresses(context, &addresses);
            }
        }
        free_getarg_strings(&extra_addresses);
    }

    if (renew_flag || validate_flag) {
        ret = renew_validate(context, renew_flag, validate_flag,
                             &ccache, principal,
                             default_for ? TRUE : FALSE, server_str,
                             ticket_life);

#ifndef NO_AFS
        if (ret == 0 && server_str == NULL && do_afslog && k_hasafs())
            krb5_afslog(context, ccache, NULL, NULL);
#endif

        if (unique_ccache)
            krb5_cc_destroy(context, ccache);
        exit(ret != 0);
    }

    ret = get_new_tickets(context, principal, ccache, ticket_life,
                          1, anonymous_pkinit);
    if (ret) {
        if (unique_ccache)
            krb5_cc_destroy(context, ccache);
        exit(1);
    }

#ifndef NO_AFS
    if (ret == 0 && server_str == NULL && do_afslog && k_hasafs())
        krb5_afslog(context, ccache, NULL, NULL);
#endif

    if (argc > 1) {
        struct renew_ctx ctx;
        time_t timeout;

        timeout = ticket_lifetime(context, ccache, principal,
                                  server_str, NULL) / 2;

        ctx.context = context;
        ctx.ccache = ccache;
        ctx.principal = principal;
        ctx.ticket_life = ticket_life;
        ctx.timeout = timeout;
        ctx.anonymous_pkinit = anonymous_pkinit;

#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
        memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
        sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
        sa.sa_handler = handle_siginfo;

        sigaction(SIGINFO, &sa, NULL);
#endif

        ret = simple_execvp_timed(argv[1], argv+1,
                                  renew_func, &ctx, timeout);
#define EX_NOEXEC       126
#define EX_NOTFOUND     127
        if (ret == EX_NOEXEC)
            krb5_warnx(context, N_("permission denied: %s", ""), argv[1]);
        else if (ret == EX_NOTFOUND)
            krb5_warnx(context, N_("command not found: %s", ""), argv[1]);

        krb5_cc_destroy(context, ccache);
#ifndef NO_AFS
        if (k_hasafs())
            k_unlog();
#endif
    } else {
        krb5_cc_close(context, ccache);
        ret = 0;
    }
    krb5_free_principal(context, principal);
    if (kt)
        krb5_kt_close(context, kt);
    krb5_free_context(context);
    return ret;
}