1 @node certtool Invocation
2 @section Invoking certtool
4 @cindex GnuTLS certificate tool
6 # -*- buffer-read-only: t -*- vi: set ro:
8 # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE (invoke-certtool.texi)
10 # It has been AutoGen-ed October 13, 2012 at 10:33:53 PM by AutoGen 5.16
11 # From the definitions ../src/certtool-args.def
12 # and the template file agtexi-cmd.tpl
16 Tool to parse and generate X.509 certificates, requests and private keys.
17 It can be used interactively or non interactively by
18 specifying the template command line option.
20 This section was generated by @strong{AutoGen},
21 using the @code{agtexi-cmd} template and the option descriptions for the @code{certtool} program.
22 This software is released under the GNU General Public License, version 3 or later.
25 @anchor{certtool usage}
26 @subheading certtool help/usage (-h)
29 This is the automatically generated usage text for certtool.
30 The text printed is the same whether for the @code{help} option (-h) or the @code{more-help} option (-!). @code{more-help} will print
31 the usage text by passing it through a pager program.
32 @code{more-help} is disabled on platforms without a working
33 @code{fork(2)} function. The @code{PAGER} environment variable is
34 used to select the program, defaulting to @file{more}. Both will exit
35 with a status code of 0.
39 certtool - GnuTLS certificate tool - Ver. @@VERSION@@
40 USAGE: certtool [ -<flag> [<val>] | --<name>[@{=| @}<val>] ]...
42 -d, --debug=num Enable debugging.
43 - It must be in the range:
45 -V, --verbose More verbose output
46 - may appear multiple times
47 --infile=file Input file
49 --outfile=str Output file
50 -s, --generate-self-signed Generate a self-signed certificate
51 -c, --generate-certificate Generate a signed certificate
52 --generate-proxy Generates a proxy certificate
53 --generate-crl Generate a CRL
54 -u, --update-certificate Update a signed certificate
55 -p, --generate-privkey Generate a private key
56 -q, --generate-request Generate a PKCS #10 certificate request
57 -e, --verify-chain Verify a PEM encoded certificate chain.
58 --verify Verify a PEM encoded certificate chain using a trusted list.
59 - requires these options:
61 --verify-crl Verify a CRL using a trusted list.
62 - requires these options:
64 --generate-dh-params Generate PKCS #3 encoded Diffie-Hellman parameters.
65 --get-dh-params Get the included PKCS #3 encoded Diffie-Hellman parameters.
66 --dh-info Print information PKCS #3 encoded Diffie-Hellman parameters
67 --load-privkey=str Loads a private key file
68 --load-pubkey=str Loads a public key file
69 --load-request=file Loads a certificate request file
71 --load-certificate=str Loads a certificate file
72 --load-ca-privkey=str Loads the certificate authority's private key file
73 --load-ca-certificate=str Loads the certificate authority's certificate file
74 --password=str Password to use
75 --null-password Enforce a NULL password
76 -i, --certificate-info Print information on the given certificate
77 --certificate-pubkey Print certificate's public key
78 --pgp-certificate-info Print information on the given OpenPGP certificate
79 --pgp-ring-info Print information on the given OpenPGP keyring structure
80 -l, --crl-info Print information on the given CRL structure
81 --crq-info Print information on the given certificate request
82 --no-crq-extensions Do not use extensions in certificate requests
83 --p12-info Print information on a PKCS #12 structure
84 --p7-info Print information on a PKCS #7 structure
85 --smime-to-p7 Convert S/MIME to PKCS #7 structure
86 -k, --key-info Print information on a private key
87 --pgp-key-info Print information on an OpenPGP private key
88 --pubkey-info Print information on a public key
89 --v1 Generate an X.509 version 1 certificate (with no extensions)
90 --to-p12 Generate a PKCS #12 structure
91 - requires these options:
93 --to-p8 Generate a PKCS #8 structure
94 -8, --pkcs8 Use PKCS #8 format for private keys
95 --rsa Generate RSA key
96 --dsa Generate DSA key
97 --ecc Generate ECC (ECDSA) key
98 --hash=str Hash algorithm to use for signing.
99 --inder Use DER format for input certificates and private keys.
100 - disabled as --no-inder
101 --inraw This is an alias for 'inder'
102 --outder Use DER format for output certificates and private keys
103 - disabled as --no-outder
104 --outraw This is an alias for 'outder'
105 --bits=num Specify the number of bits for key generate
106 --sec-param=str Specify the security level [low, legacy, normal, high, ultra].
107 --disable-quick-random No effect
108 --template=file Template file to use for non-interactive operation
109 - file must pre-exist
110 --pkcs-cipher=str Cipher to use for PKCS #8 and #12 operations
111 -v, --version[=arg] Output version information and exit
112 -h, --help Display extended usage information and exit
113 -!, --more-help Extended usage information passed thru pager
115 Options are specified by doubled hyphens and their name or by a single
116 hyphen and the flag character.
120 Tool to parse and generate X.509 certificates, requests and private keys.
121 It can be used interactively or non interactively by specifying the
122 template command line option.
124 please send bug reports to: bug-gnutls@@gnu.org
128 @anchor{certtool debug}
129 @subheading debug option (-d)
130 @cindex certtool-debug
132 This is the ``enable debugging.'' option.
133 This option takes an argument number.
134 Specifies the debug level.
135 @anchor{certtool verify-chain}
136 @subheading verify-chain option (-e)
137 @cindex certtool-verify-chain
139 This is the ``verify a pem encoded certificate chain.'' option.
140 The last certificate in the chain must be a self signed one.
141 @anchor{certtool verify}
142 @subheading verify option
143 @cindex certtool-verify
145 This is the ``verify a pem encoded certificate chain using a trusted list.'' option.
148 This option has some usage constraints. It:
151 must appear in combination with the following options:
155 The trusted certificate list must be loaded with --load-ca-certificate.
156 @anchor{certtool verify-crl}
157 @subheading verify-crl option
158 @cindex certtool-verify-crl
160 This is the ``verify a crl using a trusted list.'' option.
163 This option has some usage constraints. It:
166 must appear in combination with the following options:
170 The trusted certificate list must be loaded with --load-ca-certificate.
171 @anchor{certtool get-dh-params}
172 @subheading get-dh-params option
173 @cindex certtool-get-dh-params
175 This is the ``get the included pkcs #3 encoded diffie-hellman parameters.'' option.
176 Returns stored DH parameters in GnuTLS. Those parameters are used in the SRP protocol. The parameters returned by fresh generation
177 are more efficient since GnuTLS 3.0.9.
178 @anchor{certtool load-privkey}
179 @subheading load-privkey option
180 @cindex certtool-load-privkey
182 This is the ``loads a private key file'' option.
183 This option takes an argument string.
184 This can be either a file or a PKCS #11 URL
185 @anchor{certtool load-pubkey}
186 @subheading load-pubkey option
187 @cindex certtool-load-pubkey
189 This is the ``loads a public key file'' option.
190 This option takes an argument string.
191 This can be either a file or a PKCS #11 URL
192 @anchor{certtool load-certificate}
193 @subheading load-certificate option
194 @cindex certtool-load-certificate
196 This is the ``loads a certificate file'' option.
197 This option takes an argument string.
198 This can be either a file or a PKCS #11 URL
199 @anchor{certtool load-ca-privkey}
200 @subheading load-ca-privkey option
201 @cindex certtool-load-ca-privkey
203 This is the ``loads the certificate authority's private key file'' option.
204 This option takes an argument string.
205 This can be either a file or a PKCS #11 URL
206 @anchor{certtool load-ca-certificate}
207 @subheading load-ca-certificate option
208 @cindex certtool-load-ca-certificate
210 This is the ``loads the certificate authority's certificate file'' option.
211 This option takes an argument string.
212 This can be either a file or a PKCS #11 URL
213 @anchor{certtool null-password}
214 @subheading null-password option
215 @cindex certtool-null-password
217 This is the ``enforce a null password'' option.
218 This option enforces a NULL password. This may be different than the empty password in some schemas.
219 @anchor{certtool to-p12}
220 @subheading to-p12 option
221 @cindex certtool-to-p12
223 This is the ``generate a pkcs #12 structure'' option.
226 This option has some usage constraints. It:
229 must appear in combination with the following options:
233 It requires a certificate, a private key and possibly a CA certificate to be specified.
234 @anchor{certtool hash}
235 @subheading hash option
236 @cindex certtool-hash
238 This is the ``hash algorithm to use for signing.'' option.
239 This option takes an argument string.
240 Available hash functions are SHA1, RMD160, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512.
241 @anchor{certtool inder}
242 @subheading inder option
243 @cindex certtool-inder
245 This is the ``use der format for input certificates and private keys.'' option.
246 The input files will be assumed to be in DER or RAW format.
247 Unlike options that in PEM input would allow multiple input data (e.g. multiple
248 certificates), when reading in DER format a single data structure is read.
249 @anchor{certtool inraw}
250 @subheading inraw option
251 @cindex certtool-inraw
253 This is an alias for the inder option,
254 @pxref{certtool inder, the inder option documentation}.
256 @anchor{certtool outder}
257 @subheading outder option
258 @cindex certtool-outder
260 This is the ``use der format for output certificates and private keys'' option.
261 The output will be in DER or RAW format.
262 @anchor{certtool outraw}
263 @subheading outraw option
264 @cindex certtool-outraw
266 This is an alias for the outder option,
267 @pxref{certtool outder, the outder option documentation}.
269 @anchor{certtool sec-param}
270 @subheading sec-param option
271 @cindex certtool-sec-param
273 This is the ``specify the security level [low, legacy, normal, high, ultra].'' option.
274 This option takes an argument string @file{Security parameter}.
275 This is alternative to the bits option.
276 @anchor{certtool pkcs-cipher}
277 @subheading pkcs-cipher option
278 @cindex certtool-pkcs-cipher
280 This is the ``cipher to use for pkcs #8 and #12 operations'' option.
281 This option takes an argument string @file{Cipher}.
282 Cipher may be one of 3des, 3des-pkcs12, aes-128, aes-192, aes-256, rc2-40, arcfour.
283 @anchor{certtool exit status}
284 @subheading certtool exit status
286 One of the following exit values will be returned:
288 @item 0 (EXIT_SUCCESS)
289 Successful program execution.
290 @item 1 (EXIT_FAILURE)
291 The operation failed or the command syntax was not valid.
293 @anchor{certtool See Also}
294 @subheading certtool See Also
297 @anchor{certtool Examples}
298 @subheading certtool Examples
299 @subheading Generating private keys
300 To create an RSA private key, run:
302 $ certtool --generate-privkey --outfile key.pem --rsa
305 To create a DSA or elliptic curves (ECDSA) private key use the
306 above command combined with 'dsa' or 'ecc' options.
308 @subheading Generating certificate requests
309 To create a certificate request (needed when the certificate is issued by
312 certtool --generate-request --load-privkey key.pem \
313 --outfile request.pem
316 If the private key is stored in a smart card you can generate
317 a request by specifying the private key object URL.
319 $ ./certtool --generate-request --load-privkey "pkcs11:..." \
320 --load-pubkey "pkcs11:..." --outfile request.pem
324 @subheading Generating a self-signed certificate
325 To create a self signed certificate, use the command:
327 $ certtool --generate-privkey --outfile ca-key.pem
328 $ certtool --generate-self-signed --load-privkey ca-key.pem \
329 --outfile ca-cert.pem
332 Note that a self-signed certificate usually belongs to a certificate
333 authority, that signs other certificates.
335 @subheading Generating a certificate
336 To generate a certificate using the previous request, use the command:
338 $ certtool --generate-certificate --load-request request.pem \
339 --outfile cert.pem --load-ca-certificate ca-cert.pem \
340 --load-ca-privkey ca-key.pem
343 To generate a certificate using the private key only, use the command:
345 $ certtool --generate-certificate --load-privkey key.pem \
346 --outfile cert.pem --load-ca-certificate ca-cert.pem \
347 --load-ca-privkey ca-key.pem
350 @subheading Certificate information
351 To view the certificate information, use:
353 $ certtool --certificate-info --infile cert.pem
356 @subheading PKCS #12 structure generation
357 To generate a PKCS #12 structure using the previous key and certificate,
360 $ certtool --load-certificate cert.pem --load-privkey key.pem \
361 --to-p12 --outder --outfile key.p12
364 Some tools (reportedly web browsers) have problems with that file
365 because it does not contain the CA certificate for the certificate.
366 To work around that problem in the tool, you can use the
367 --load-ca-certificate parameter as follows:
370 $ certtool --load-ca-certificate ca.pem \
371 --load-certificate cert.pem --load-privkey key.pem \
372 --to-p12 --outder --outfile key.p12
375 @subheading Diffie-Hellman parameter generation
376 To generate parameters for Diffie-Hellman key exchange, use the command:
378 $ certtool --generate-dh-params --outfile dh.pem --sec-param normal
381 @subheading Proxy certificate generation
382 Proxy certificate can be used to delegate your credential to a
383 temporary, typically short-lived, certificate. To create one from the
384 previously created certificate, first create a temporary key and then
385 generate a proxy certificate for it, using the commands:
388 $ certtool --generate-privkey > proxy-key.pem
389 $ certtool --generate-proxy --load-ca-privkey key.pem \
390 --load-privkey proxy-key.pem --load-certificate cert.pem \
391 --outfile proxy-cert.pem
394 @subheading Certificate revocation list generation
395 To create an empty Certificate Revocation List (CRL) do:
398 $ certtool --generate-crl --load-ca-privkey x509-ca-key.pem \
399 --load-ca-certificate x509-ca.pem
402 To create a CRL that contains some revoked certificates, place the
403 certificates in a file and use @code{--load-certificate} as follows:
406 $ certtool --generate-crl --load-ca-privkey x509-ca-key.pem \
407 --load-ca-certificate x509-ca.pem --load-certificate revoked-certs.pem
410 To verify a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) do:
413 $ certtool --verify-crl --load-ca-certificate x509-ca.pem < crl.pem
416 @anchor{certtool Files}
417 @subheading certtool Files
418 @subheading Certtool's template file format
419 A template file can be used to avoid the interactive questions of
420 certtool. Initially create a file named 'cert.cfg' that contains the information
421 about the certificate. The template can be used as below:
424 $ certtool --generate-certificate cert.pem --load-privkey key.pem \
425 --template cert.cfg \
426 --load-ca-certificate ca-cert.pem --load-ca-privkey ca-key.pem
429 An example certtool template file that can be used to generate a certificate
430 request or a self signed certificate follows.
433 # X.509 Certificate options
437 # The organization of the subject.
438 organization = "Koko inc."
440 # The organizational unit of the subject.
441 unit = "sleeping dept."
443 # The locality of the subject.
446 # The state of the certificate owner.
449 # The country of the subject. Two letter code.
452 # The common name of the certificate owner.
455 # A user id of the certificate owner.
458 # Set domain components
462 # If the supported DN OIDs are not adequate you can set
464 # For example set the X.520 Title and the X.520 Pseudonym
465 # by using OID and string pairs.
466 #dn_oid = 2.5.4.12 Dr.
467 #dn_oid = 2.5.4.65 jackal
469 # This is deprecated and should not be used in new
471 # pkcs9_email = "none@@none.org"
473 # The serial number of the certificate
476 # In how many days, counting from today, this certificate will expire.
477 expiration_days = 700
479 # X.509 v3 extensions
481 # A dnsname in case of a WWW server.
482 #dns_name = "www.none.org"
483 #dns_name = "www.morethanone.org"
485 # A subject alternative name URI
486 #uri = "http://www.example.com"
488 # An IP address in case of a server.
489 #ip_address = "192.168.1.1"
491 # An email in case of a person
492 email = "none@@none.org"
494 # Challenge password used in certificate requests
495 challenge_passwd = 123456
497 # An URL that has CRLs (certificate revocation lists)
498 # available. Needed in CA certificates.
499 #crl_dist_points = "http://www.getcrl.crl/getcrl/"
501 # Whether this is a CA certificate or not
504 # for microsoft smart card logon
505 # key_purpose_oid = 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2.2
507 ### Other predefined key purpose OIDs
509 # Whether this certificate will be used for a TLS client
512 # Whether this certificate will be used for a TLS server
515 # Whether this certificate will be used to sign data (needed
516 # in TLS DHE ciphersuites).
519 # Whether this certificate will be used to encrypt data (needed
520 # in TLS RSA ciphersuites). Note that it is preferred to use different
521 # keys for encryption and signing.
524 # Whether this key will be used to sign other certificates.
527 # Whether this key will be used to sign CRLs.
530 # Whether this key will be used to sign code.
533 # Whether this key will be used to sign OCSP data.
536 # Whether this key will be used for time stamping.
539 # Whether this key will be used for IPsec IKE operations.
542 ### end of key purpose OIDs
544 # When generating a certificate from a certificate
545 # request, then honor the extensions stored in the request
546 # and store them in the real certificate.
547 #honor_crq_extensions
549 # Path length contraint. Sets the maximum number of
550 # certificates that can be used to certify this certificate.
551 # (i.e. the certificate chain length)
556 # ocsp_uri = http://my.ocsp.server/ocsp
559 # ca_issuers_uri = http://my.ca.issuer
561 # Options for proxy certificates
562 # proxy_policy_language = 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.21.1
564 # Options for generating a CRL
566 # next CRL update will be in 43 days (wow)
567 #crl_next_update = 43
569 # this is the 5th CRL by this CA