4 TLS Working Group J. Salowey
5 Internet-Draft A. Choudhury
6 Intended status: Standards Track D. McGrew
7 Expires: August 29, 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.
11 RSA based AES-GCM Cipher Suites for TLS
12 draft-salowey-tls-rsa-aes-gcm-00
16 By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
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21 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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26 Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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31 The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
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34 The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
35 http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
37 This Internet-Draft will expire on August 29, 2007.
41 Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
45 This memo describes the use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
46 in Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) as a Transport Layer Security (TLS)
47 authenticated encryption operation. GCM provides both
48 confidentiality and data origin authentication, can be efficiently
49 implemented in hardware for speeds of 10 gigabits per second and
50 above, and is also well-suited to software implementations. This
51 memo defines TLS ciphersuites that use AES-GCM with RSA.
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57 Internet-Draft RSA AES-GCM Ciphersuites February 2007
62 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
64 2. Conventions Used In This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
66 3. RSA Based AES-GCM Cipher Suites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
68 4. TLS Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
70 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
72 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
73 6.1. Perfect Forward Secrecy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
74 6.2. Counter Reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
76 7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
78 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
79 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
80 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
82 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
83 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 8
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113 Internet-Draft RSA AES-GCM Ciphersuites February 2007
118 This document describes the use of AES [AES]in Galois Counter Mode
119 (GCM) [GCM] (AES-GCM) with RSA based key exchange as a ciphersuite
120 for TLS. This mechanism is not only efficient and secure, hardware
121 implementations can achieve high speeds with low cost and low
122 latency, because the mode can be pipelined. Applications like
123 CAPWAP, which uses DTLS, can benefit from the high-speed
124 implementations when wireless termination points (WTPs) and
125 controllers (ACs) have to meet requirements to support higher
126 throughputs in the future. AES-GCM has been specified as a mode that
127 can be used with IPsec ESP [RFC4106] and 802.1AE MAC Security
128 [IEEE8021AE]. It also is part of the NSA suite B ciphersuites for
129 TLS [I-D.rescorla-tls-suiteb]; however in order to meet Suite B
130 requirements these ciphersuites require ECC base key exchange and TLS
131 1.2. The ciphersuites defined in this document are based on RSA
132 which allows the use of AES-GCM in environments that have not
133 deployed ECC algorithms and do not need to meet NSA Suite B
134 requirements. AES-GCM is an authenticated encryption with associated
135 data (AEAD) operation, as used in TLS 1.2[I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis].
136 The ciphersuites defined in this draft may be used with DTLS defined
137 in [RFC4347] and [I-D.ietf-tls-ctr]. This memo uses GCM in a way
138 similar to [I-D.rescorla-tls-suiteb].
141 2. Conventions Used In This Document
143 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
144 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
145 document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]
148 3. RSA Based AES-GCM Cipher Suites
150 The ciphersuites defined in this document are based on the the AES-
151 GCM authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) algorithms
152 AEAD_AES_128_GCM and AEAD_AES_256_GCM described in
153 [I-D.mcgrew-auth-enc]. Note that this specification uses a 128-bit
154 authentication tag with GCM. The following ciphersuites are defined:
156 CipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {TBD1,TBD1}
157 CipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {TBD2,TBD2}
158 CipherSuite TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {TBD3,TBD3}
159 CipherSuite TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {TBD4,TBD4}
161 These ciphersuites make use of the AEAD capability in TLS 1.2
162 [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis]. The "nonce" SHALL be 12 bytes long and
163 constructed from a salt and a counter as follows:
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169 Internet-Draft RSA AES-GCM Ciphersuites February 2007
177 The salt is derived form the TLS key block as follows:
181 uint32 client_write_IV; // low order 32-bits
183 uint32 server_write_IV; // low order 32-bits
187 In the case of TLS the counter is the 64 bit sequence number. In the
188 case of DTLS the counter is formed from the concatenation of the 16-
189 bit epoch with the 48-bit sequence number.
191 The RSA and RSA-DHE key exchange is performed as defined in
192 [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis].
194 Recall that an AEAD operation replaces the use of HMAC as a MAC, but
195 not as a PRF for the purposes of key derivation. Consequently, the
196 hash function for the TLS PRF must be explicitly specified by the
197 ciphersuite. For TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 and
198 TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 the hash function is SHA256. For
199 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 and
200 TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 the hash function is SHA384.
205 These ciphersuites make use of the authenticated encryption with
206 additional data defined in TLS 1.2 [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis]. They
207 MUST NOT be negotiated in older versions of TLS. Clients MUST NOT
208 offer these cipher suites if they do not offer TLS 1.2 or later.
209 Servers which select an earlier version of TLS MUST NOT select one of
210 these cipher suites. Because TLS has no way for the client to
211 indicate that it supports TLS 1.2 but not earlier, a non-compliant
212 server might potentially negotiate TLS 1.1 or earlier and select one
213 of the cipher suites in this document. Clients MUST check the TLS
214 version and generate a fatal "illegal_parameter" alert if they detect
215 an incorrect version.
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225 Internet-Draft RSA AES-GCM Ciphersuites February 2007
228 5. IANA Considerations
230 IANA has assigned the following values for the ciphersuites defined
233 CipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {TBD1,TBD1}
234 CipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {TBD2,TBD2}
235 CipherSuite TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {TBD3,TBD3}
236 CipherSuite TLS_RSA_DHE_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {TBD4,TBD4}
239 6. Security Considerations
241 6.1. Perfect Forward Secrecy
243 The perfect forward secrecy properties of RSA based TLS ciphersuites
244 are discussed in the security analysis of [RFC4346]. It should be
245 noted that only the ephemeral Diffie-Hellman based ciphersuites are
246 capable of providing perfect forward secrecy.
250 AES-GCM security requires that the counter is never reused. The IV
251 construction in Section 3 is designed to prevent counter reuse.
256 This draft borrows heavily from [I-D.ietf-tls-ctr] and
257 [I-D.rescorla-tls-suiteb]
262 8.1. Normative References
264 [AES] National Institute of Standards and Technology,
265 "Specification for the Advanced Encryption Standard
266 (AES)", FIPS 197, November 2001.
268 [GCM] National Institute of Standards and Technology,
269 "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation:
270 Galois Counter Mode (GCM) for Confidentiality and
271 Authentication", SP 800-38D, April 2006.
273 [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis]
274 Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The TLS Protocol Version
275 1.2", draft-ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis-02 (work in progress),
279 Salowey, et al. Expires August 29, 2007 [Page 5]
281 Internet-Draft RSA AES-GCM Ciphersuites February 2007
286 [I-D.mcgrew-auth-enc]
287 McGrew, D., "An Interface and Algorithms for Authenticated
288 Encryption", draft-mcgrew-auth-enc-01 (work in progress),
291 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
292 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
294 [RFC4346] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
295 (TLS) Protocol Version 1.1", RFC 4346, April 2006.
297 [RFC4347] Rescorla, E. and N. Modadugu, "Datagram Transport Layer
298 Security", RFC 4347, April 2006.
300 8.2. Informative References
303 Modadugu, N. and E. Rescorla, "AES Counter Mode Cipher
304 Suites for TLS and DTLS", draft-ietf-tls-ctr-01 (work in
305 progress), June 2006.
307 [I-D.rescorla-tls-suiteb]
308 Salter, M. and E. Rescorla, "SuiteB CipherSuites for TLS",
309 draft-rescorla-tls-suiteb-00 (work in progress),
313 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, "Media
314 Access Control Security", IEEE Standard 802.1AE,
317 [RFC2246] Dierks, T. and C. Allen, "The TLS Protocol Version 1.0",
318 RFC 2246, January 1999.
320 [RFC4106] Viega, J. and D. McGrew, "The Use of Galois/Counter Mode
321 (GCM) in IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)",
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337 Internet-Draft RSA AES-GCM Ciphersuites February 2007
348 Email: jsalowey@cisco.com
357 Email: abhijitc@cisco.com
366 Email: mcgrew@cisco.com
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393 Internet-Draft RSA AES-GCM Ciphersuites February 2007
396 Full Copyright Statement
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447 Salowey, et al. Expires August 29, 2007 [Page 8]