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[gnash.git] / libmedia / MediaParser.h

// MediaParser.h: Base class for media parsers
// 
//   Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012
//   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
// 
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
// 
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA

#ifndef GNASH_MEDIAPARSER_H
#define GNASH_MEDIAPARSER_H

#include <boost/scoped_array.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/thread/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/thread/condition.hpp>
#include <boost/thread/barrier.hpp>
#include <memory>
#include <deque>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <iosfwd> // for output operator forward declarations
#include <boost/optional.hpp>

#include "IOChannel.h" // for inlines
#include "dsodefs.h" // DSOEXPORT

// Undefine this to load/parse media files in main thread
#define LOAD_MEDIA_IN_A_SEPARATE_THREAD 1

namespace gnash {
    class SimpleBuffer;
    namespace media {
        struct Id3Info;
    }
}

namespace gnash {
namespace media {


/// Video frame types
enum videoFrameType
{
        /// Key frames
        KEY_FRAME = 1,

        /// Interlaced frames
        INTER_FRAME = 2,

        /// Disposable interlaced frames
        DIS_INTER_FRAME = 3
};

/// The type of the codec id passed in the AudioInfo or VideoInfo class
enum codecType
{
        /// The internal flash codec ids
        CODEC_TYPE_FLASH,

        /// Custom codecs ids
        CODEC_TYPE_CUSTOM
};

/// Video codec ids as defined in flash
enum videoCodecType
{
        /// H263/SVQ3 video codec
        VIDEO_CODEC_H263 = 2,

        /// Screenvideo codec
        VIDEO_CODEC_SCREENVIDEO = 3,

        /// On2 VP6 video codec
        VIDEO_CODEC_VP6 = 4,

        /// On2 VP6 Alpha video codec
        VIDEO_CODEC_VP6A = 5,

        /// Screenvideo2 codec
        VIDEO_CODEC_SCREENVIDEO2 = 6,

        /// MPEG-4 Part 10, or Advanced Video Coding
        VIDEO_CODEC_H264 = 7

        // NOTE: if you add more elements here remember to
        //       also add them to the output operator!
};

DSOEXPORT std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, const videoCodecType& t);

/// Audio codec ids as defined in flash
//
/// For some encodings, audio data is organized
/// in logical frames. The structure of such frames
/// (header/payload) is codec dependent.
/// The actual size of each frame may not be known
/// w/out parsing the encoded stream, as it
/// might be specified in the header of each frame.
///
/// Other encodings are loosier on frames. For these
/// you can define a frame any way you want, as long
/// as a frame doesn't contain partial samples.
///
/// For FFMPEG, you can NOT construct a parser for the
/// loosy-framed codecs.
///
/// Parser-needing codecs will be documented as such.
///
enum audioCodecType
{
        /// Signed Linear PCM, unspecified byte order 
        //
        /// Use of this codec is deprecated (but still supported) due to
        /// the unspecified byte order (you can only play >8bit samples
        /// in a sane way when the endiannes of encoding and decoding
        /// hosts match).
        ///
        /// 90% of the times the actual encoder did run on windows, so
        /// it is a good bet to guess for little-endian.
        /// SampleSize may be 8 or 16 bits.
    ///
        AUDIO_CODEC_RAW = 0,    

        /// ADPCM format
    //
        /// SWF support 2, 3, 4, and 5 bits / sample.
        /// ADPCM "frames" consits of 4096 ADPCM codes per channel.
        /// 
        /// For streaming there is no concept of "seekSamples" like
        /// MP3 streaming implements. Thus ADPCM ist suboptimal for
        /// streaming as it is difficult to match sound frames with
        /// movie frames.
        /// Uncompressed SampleSize is always 16 bit.
    ///
        AUDIO_CODEC_ADPCM = 1,

        /// MP3 format
        //
        /// MP3 is supported for SWF4 and later. 
        /// MP3 sound is structured in frames consiting of  a fixed sized 
        /// header (32Bit) and compressed sound data. Compressed sound
        /// data always contains a fixed number of sound samples (576 or 1152).
        /// For streaming sound an additional field is necessary (seekSamples)
        /// to keep track of samples exceeding movie frame border.
        ///
        /// MP3 header contains all necessary information to decode a single
        /// frame. From this information one can derive the number of samples 
        /// and the frame's size.
        /// Uncompressed SampleSize is always 16 bit.
    ///
        AUDIO_CODEC_MP3 = 2,

        /// Linear PCM, strictly little-endian
        AUDIO_CODEC_UNCOMPRESSED = 3,

        /// Proprietary simple format. Always 5Khz mono ?
    //
        /// SWF6 and later.
        /// Data is organized in frames of 256 samples.
    ///
        AUDIO_CODEC_NELLYMOSER_8HZ_MONO = 5,

        /// Proprietary simple format
    //
        /// SWF6 and later.
        /// Data is organized in frames of 256 samples.
    ///
        AUDIO_CODEC_NELLYMOSER = 6,

        /// Advanced Audio Coding
        AUDIO_CODEC_AAC = 10,

        /// Always 16kHz mono
        AUDIO_CODEC_SPEEX = 11

        // NOTE: if you add more elements here remember to
        //       also add them to the output operator!
};

DSOEXPORT std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, const audioCodecType& t);

/// Information about an audio stream 
//
/// The information stored is codec-id,
/// samplerate, samplesize, stereo, duration and codec-type.
///
/// Additionally, an abstract ExtraInfo can be hold.
///
class AudioInfo
{

public:

    /// Construct an AudioInfo object
    //
    /// @param codeci
    ///     Audio codec id.
    ///     To be interpreted as a media::audioCodecType if the typei
    ///     parameter is CODEC_TYPE_FLASH; otherwise it's an opaque number to use
    ///     for codec information transfer between a MediaParser and a
    ///     AudioDecoder from the same %media handler module.
    ///
    /// @param sampleRatei
    ///     Nominal sample rate.
    ///     @todo document units.
    ///
    /// @param sampleSizei
    ///     Sample size, in bytes.
    ///
    /// @param stereoi
    ///     Sample type (stereo if true, mono otherwise).
    ///     @todo document if and how intepretation of sampleSizei changes
    ///
    /// @param durationi
    ///     Nominal audio stream duration, in milliseconds.
    ///
    /// @param typei
    ///     Changes interpretation of the codeci parameter.
    ///
        AudioInfo(int codeci, boost::uint16_t sampleRatei,
            boost::uint16_t sampleSizei, bool stereoi,
            boost::uint64_t durationi, codecType typei)
                :
        codec(codeci),
                sampleRate(sampleRatei),
                sampleSize(sampleSizei),
                stereo(stereoi),
                duration(durationi),
                type(typei)
                {
                }

        /// Codec identifier
        //
        /// This has to be interpreted as audioCodecType if codecType type is CODEC_TYPE_FLASH
        /// or interpretation is opaque and we rely on the assumption that the AudioInfo
        /// creator and the AudioInfo user have a way to get a shared interpretation
        ///
        int codec;

        boost::uint16_t sampleRate;

        /// Size of each sample, in bytes
        boost::uint16_t sampleSize;

        bool stereo;

        boost::uint64_t duration;

        codecType type;

        /// Extra info about an audio stream
    //
        /// Abstract class to hold any additional info
        /// when required for proper decoder initialization.
    ///
        class ExtraInfo {
        public:
                virtual ~ExtraInfo() {}
        };

        /// Extra info about audio stream, if when needed
    //
    /// Could be ExtraVideoInfoFlv or a media-handler specific info
    ///
        std::auto_ptr<ExtraInfo> extra;
};

/// Information about a video stream 
//
/// The information stored is codec-id, width, height, framerate and duration.
///
/// Additionally, an abstract ExtraInfo can be hold.
///
class VideoInfo
{
public:

    /// Construct a VideoInfo object
    //
    /// @param codeci
    ///     Video codec id.
    ///     To be interpreted as a media::videoCodecType if the typei
    ///     parameter is CODEC_TYPE_FLASH; otherwise it's an opaque number to use
    ///     for codec information transfer between a MediaParser and a
    ///     VideoDecoder from the same %media handler module.
    ///
    /// @param widthi
    ///     Video frame width.
    ///     @todo check if still needed.
    ///
    /// @param heighti
    ///     Video frame height.
    ///     @todo check if still needed.
    ///
    /// @param frameRatei
    ///     Nominal video frame rate.
    ///     @todo document units.
    ///
    /// @param durationi
    ///     Nominal video duration.
    ///     @todo check if still needed, if so document units!
    ///
    /// @param typei
    ///     Changes interpretation of the codeci parameter.
    ///     
        VideoInfo(int codeci, boost::uint16_t widthi, boost::uint16_t heighti,
            boost::uint16_t frameRatei, boost::uint64_t durationi,
            codecType typei)
                :
        codec(codeci),
                width(widthi),
                height(heighti),
                frameRate(frameRatei),
                duration(durationi),
                type(typei)
        {
        }

        int codec;
        boost::uint16_t width;
        boost::uint16_t height;
        boost::uint16_t frameRate;
        boost::uint64_t duration;
        codecType type;

        /// Extra info about a video stream
    //
        /// Abstract class to hold any additional info
        /// when required for proper decoder initialization
    ///
        class ExtraInfo {
        public:
                virtual ~ExtraInfo() {}
        };

        /// Extra info about video stream, if when needed
    //
    /// Could be ExtraAudioInfoFlv or a media-handler specific info
    ///
        std::auto_ptr<ExtraInfo> extra;
};

DSOEXPORT std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, const VideoInfo& vi);


class EncodedExtraData {

public:
        virtual ~EncodedExtraData() {}

};

/// An encoded video frame
class EncodedVideoFrame
{
public:

        /// Create an encoded video frame
        //
        /// @param data
        ///     Data buffer, ownership transferred
        ///
        /// @param size
        ///     Size of the data buffer
        ///
        /// @param frameNum
        ///     Frame number.
        ///
        /// @param timestamp
        ///     Presentation timestamp, in milliseconds.
        ///
        EncodedVideoFrame(boost::uint8_t* data, boost::uint32_t size,
                        unsigned int frameNum,
                        boost::uint64_t timestamp=0)
                :
                _size(size),
                _data(data),
                _frameNum(frameNum),
                _timestamp(timestamp)
        {}

        /// Return pointer to actual data. Ownership retained by this class.
        const boost::uint8_t* data() const { return _data.get(); }

        /// Return size of data buffer.
        boost::uint32_t dataSize() const { return _size; }

        /// Return video frame presentation timestamp
        boost::uint64_t timestamp() const { return _timestamp; }

        /// Return video frame number
        unsigned frameNum() const { return _frameNum; }

        // FIXME: should have better encapsulation for this sort of stuff.
        std::auto_ptr<EncodedExtraData> extradata;
private:

        boost::uint32_t _size;
        boost::scoped_array<boost::uint8_t> _data;
        unsigned int _frameNum;
        boost::uint64_t _timestamp;
};

/// An encoded audio frame
class EncodedAudioFrame
{
public:
        boost::uint32_t dataSize;
        boost::scoped_array<boost::uint8_t> data;
        boost::uint64_t timestamp;

        // FIXME: should have better encapsulation for this sort of stuff.
        std::auto_ptr<EncodedExtraData> extradata;
};

/// The MediaParser class provides cursor-based access to encoded %media frames 
//
/// Cursor-based access allow seeking as close as possible to a specified time
/// and fetching frames from there on, sequentially.
/// See seek(), nextVideoFrame(), nextAudioFrame() 
///
/// Input is received from a IOChannel object.
///
class MediaParser
{
public:

    /// A container for executable MetaTags contained in media streams.
    //
    /// Presently only known in FLV.
    typedef std::multimap<boost::uint64_t, boost::shared_ptr<SimpleBuffer> >
        MetaTags;
    
    typedef std::vector<MetaTags::mapped_type> OrderedMetaTags;
        MediaParser(std::auto_ptr<IOChannel> stream);

        // Classes with virtual methods (virtual classes)
        // must have a virtual destructor, or the destructors
        // of subclasses will never be invoked, tipically resulting
        // in memory leaks..
        //
        virtual ~MediaParser();

        /// \brief
        /// Seeks to the closest possible position the given position,
        /// and returns the new position.
        //
        ///
        /// @param time input/output parameter, input requests a time, output
        ///        return the actual time seeked to.
        /// 
        /// @return true if the seek was valid, false otherwise.
        ///
        virtual bool seek(boost::uint32_t& time)=0;

        /// Returns mininum length of available buffers in milliseconds
        //
        /// TODO: FIXME: NOTE: this is currently used by NetStream.bufferLength
        /// but is bogus as it doesn't take the *current* playhead cursor time
        /// into account. A proper way would be having a  getLastBufferTime ()
        /// interface here, returning minimun timestamp of last available 
        /// frames and let NetSTream::bufferLength() use that with playhead
        /// time to find out...
        ///
        DSOEXPORT boost::uint64_t getBufferLength() const;

        /// Return true if both audio and video buffers are empty
        //
        /// NOTE: locks _qMutex
        DSOEXPORT bool isBufferEmpty() const;

        /// Return the time we want the parser thread to maintain in the buffer
        DSOEXPORT boost::uint64_t getBufferTime() const
        {
                boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(_bufferTimeMutex);
                return _bufferTime;
        }

        /// Set the time we want the parser thread to maintain in the buffer
        //
        /// @param t
        ///     Number of milliseconds to keep in the buffers.
        ///
        DSOEXPORT void setBufferTime(boost::uint64_t t)
        {
                boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(_bufferTimeMutex);
                _bufferTime=t;
        }

        /// Get timestamp of the next frame available, if any
        //
        /// @param ts will be set to timestamp of next available frame
        /// @return false if no frame is available yet
        ///
        /// NOTE: locks _qMutex
        ///
        DSOEXPORT bool nextFrameTimestamp(boost::uint64_t& ts) const;

        /// Get timestamp of the video frame which would be returned on nextVideoFrame
        //
        /// @return false if there no video frame left
        ///         (either none or no more)
        ///
        /// NOTE: locks _qMutex
        ///
        DSOEXPORT bool nextVideoFrameTimestamp(boost::uint64_t& ts) const;

        /// Returns the next video frame in the parsed buffer, advancing video cursor.
        //
        /// If no frame has been played before the first frame is returned.
        /// If there is no more frames in the parsed buffer NULL is returned.
        /// you can check with parsingCompleted() to know wheter this is due to 
        /// EOF reached.
        ///
        DSOEXPORT std::auto_ptr<EncodedVideoFrame> nextVideoFrame();

        /// Get timestamp of the audio frame which would be returned on nextAudioFrame
        //
        /// @return false if there no video frame left
        ///         (either none or no more)
        ///
        /// NOTE: locks _qMutex
        ///
        DSOEXPORT bool nextAudioFrameTimestamp(boost::uint64_t& ts) const;

        /// Returns the next audio frame in the parsed buffer, advancing audio cursor.
        //
        /// If no frame has been played before the first frame is returned.
        /// If there is no more frames in the parsed buffer NULL is returned.
        /// you can check with parsingCompleted() to know wheter this is due to 
        /// EOF reached.
        ///
        DSOEXPORT std::auto_ptr<EncodedAudioFrame> nextAudioFrame();

        /// Returns a VideoInfo class about the videostream
        //
        /// @return a VideoInfo class about the videostream,
        ///         or zero if unknown (no video or not enough data parsed yet).
        ///
        VideoInfo* getVideoInfo() { return _videoInfo.get(); }

        /// Returns a AudioInfo class about the audiostream
        //
        /// @return a AudioInfo class about the audiostream,
        ///         or zero if unknown (no audio or not enough data parsed yet).
        ///
        AudioInfo* getAudioInfo() { return _audioInfo.get(); }

        /// Return true of parsing is completed
        //
        /// If this function returns true, any call to nextVideoFrame()
        /// or nextAudioFrame() will always return NULL
        ///
        /// TODO: make thread-safe
        ///
        bool parsingCompleted() const { return _parsingComplete; }

        /// Return true of indexing is completed
        //
        /// If this function returns false, parseNextChunk will
        /// be called even when buffers are full. Parsers
        /// supporting indexing separated from parsing should 
        /// override this method and have parseNextChunk figure
        /// if they only need to index or to parse based on bufferFull.
        ///
        virtual bool indexingCompleted() const { return true; }

        /// Return number of bytes parsed so far
        virtual boost::uint64_t getBytesLoaded() const { return 0; }

        /// Return total number of bytes in input
        boost::uint64_t getBytesTotal() const
        {
                return _stream->size();
        }

        /// Parse next chunk of input
        //
        /// The implementations are required to parse a small chunk
        /// of input, so to avoid blocking too much if parsing conditions
        /// change (ie: seek or destruction requested)
        ///
        /// When LOAD_MEDIA_IN_A_SEPARATE_THREAD is defined, this should
        /// never be called by users (consider protected).
        ///
        virtual bool parseNextChunk()=0;

    /// Retrieve any parsed metadata tags up to a specified timestamp.
    //
    /// @param ts   The latest timestamp to retrieve metadata for.
    /// @param tags This is filled with shared pointers to metatags in
    ///             timestamp order. Ownership of the data is shared. It
    ///             is destroyed automatically along with the last owner.
    //
    /// Metadata is currently only parsed from FLV streams. The default
    /// is a no-op.
    virtual void fetchMetaTags(OrderedMetaTags& tags, boost::uint64_t ts);

    /// Get ID3 data from the parsed stream if it exists.
    //
    /// It's best to do this only when parsingComplete is true.
    virtual boost::optional<Id3Info> getId3Info() const;

protected:

        /// Subclasses *must* set the following variables: @{ 

        /// Info about the video stream (if any)
        std::auto_ptr<VideoInfo> _videoInfo;

        /// Info about the audio stream (if any)
        std::auto_ptr<AudioInfo> _audioInfo;

        /// Whether the parsing is complete or not
        bool _parsingComplete;

        /// Number of bytes loaded
        boost::uint64_t _bytesLoaded;

        /// }@

        /// Start the parser thread
        void startParserThread();

        /// Stop the parser thread
        //
        /// This method should be always called
        /// by destructors of subclasses to ensure
        /// the parser thread won't attempt to access
        /// destroyed structures.
        ///
        void stopParserThread();

        /// Clear the a/v buffers
        void clearBuffers();

        /// Push an encoded audio frame to buffer.
        //
        /// Will wait on a condition if buffer is full or parsing was completed
        ///
        void pushEncodedAudioFrame(std::auto_ptr<EncodedAudioFrame> frame);

        /// Push an encoded video frame to buffer.
        //
        /// Will wait on a condition if buffer is full or parsing was completed
        ///
        void pushEncodedVideoFrame(std::auto_ptr<EncodedVideoFrame> frame);

        /// The stream used to access the file
        std::auto_ptr<IOChannel> _stream;
        mutable boost::mutex _streamMutex;

        static void parserLoopStarter(MediaParser* mp)
        {
                mp->parserLoop();
        }

        /// The parser loop runs in a separate thread
        /// and calls parseNextChunk until killed.
        ///
        /// parseNextChunk is expected to push encoded frames
        /// on the queue, which may trigger the thread to be
        /// put to sleep when queues are full or parsing
        /// was completed.
        ///
        void parserLoop();

        bool parserThreadKillRequested() const
        {
                boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(_parserThreadKillRequestMutex);
                return _parserThreadKillRequested;
        }

        boost::uint64_t _bufferTime;
        mutable boost::mutex _bufferTimeMutex;

        std::auto_ptr<boost::thread> _parserThread;
        boost::barrier _parserThreadStartBarrier;
        mutable boost::mutex _parserThreadKillRequestMutex;
        bool _parserThreadKillRequested;
        boost::condition _parserThreadWakeup;

        /// Wait on the _parserThreadWakeup condition if buffer is full
        /// or parsing was completed.
        /// 
        /// Callers *must* pass a locked lock on _qMutex
        ///
        void waitIfNeeded(boost::mutex::scoped_lock& qMutexLock);

        void wakeupParserThread();

        /// mutex protecting access to the a/v encoded frames queues
        mutable boost::mutex _qMutex;

        /// Mutex protecting _bytesLoaded (read by main, set by parser)
        mutable boost::mutex _bytesLoadedMutex;

        /// Method to check if buffer is full w/out locking the _qMutex
        //
        ///
        /// This is intended for being called by waitIfNeeded, which 
        /// is passed a locked lock on _qMutex, and by parseNextChunk
        /// to determine whether to index-only or also push on queue.
        ///
        bool bufferFull() const;

        /// On seek, this flag will be set, while holding a lock on _streamMutex.
        /// The parser, when obtained a lock on _streamMutex, will check this
        /// flag, if found to be true will clear the buffers and reset to false.
        bool _seekRequest;

private:

        typedef std::deque<EncodedVideoFrame*> VideoFrames;
        typedef std::deque<EncodedAudioFrame*> AudioFrames;

        /// Return pointer to next encoded video frame in buffer
        //
        /// If no video is present, or queue is empty, 0 is returned
        /// 
        /// NOTE: Caller is expected to hold a lock on _qMutex
        /// 
        const EncodedVideoFrame* peekNextVideoFrame() const;

        /// Return pointer to next encoded audio frame in buffer
        //
        /// If no video is present, or queue is empty, 0 is returned
        /// 
        /// NOTE: Caller is expected to hold a lock on _qMutex
        ///
        const EncodedAudioFrame* peekNextAudioFrame() const;


        /// Queue of video frames (the video buffer)
        //
        /// Elements owned by this class.
        ///
        VideoFrames _videoFrames;

        /// Queue of audio frames (the audio buffer)
        //
        /// Elements owned by this class.
        ///
        AudioFrames _audioFrames;

        void requestParserThreadKill()
        {
                boost::mutex::scoped_lock lock(_parserThreadKillRequestMutex);
                _parserThreadKillRequested=true;
                _parserThreadWakeup.notify_all();
        }

        /// Return diff between timestamp of last and first audio frame
        boost::uint64_t audioBufferLength() const;

        /// Return diff between timestamp of last and first video frame
        boost::uint64_t videoBufferLength() const;

        /// A getBufferLength method not locking the _qMutex (expected to be locked by caller already).
        boost::uint64_t getBufferLengthNoLock() const;
        
};


} // gnash.media namespace 
} // namespace gnash

#endif // __MEDIAPARSER_H__