| blob | 304e7d3b77d4240e6e4e693221cab8849089208c |
1 # @(#)africa 8.16
2 # <pre>
4 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
9 #
10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
13 #
14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
19 #
20 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
28 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
29 #
30 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
31 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
32 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
33 # `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
34 # `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
35 # `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
36 # the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
37 # He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
38 #
39 # To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
40 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
41 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
42 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
43 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
44 #
45 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
46 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
47 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
48 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
49 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
50 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
51 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
52 # I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
53 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
54 # until we get more information.
55 #
56 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
57 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
58 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
59 # 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
60 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
61 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
62 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
63 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65 # Algeria
66 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
67 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
68 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
69 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
70 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
71 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
72 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
74 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
76 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
78 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
79 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
80 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
81 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
82 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
83 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
84 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
85 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
86 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
87 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
88 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
89 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
90 # more precise 0:09:21.
91 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
92 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
93 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
94 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
95 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
96 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
97 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
98 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
99 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
100 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
101 1:00 - CET
103 # Angola
104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
105 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
106 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
107 1:00 - WAT
109 # Benin
110 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
111 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
113 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
114 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
115 1:00 - WAT
117 # Botswana
118 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
119 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
120 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
121 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
122 2:00 - CAT
124 # Burkina Faso
125 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
126 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
127 0:00 - GMT
129 # Burundi
130 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
131 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
132 2:00 - CAT
134 # Cameroon
135 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
136 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
137 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
138 1:00 - WAT
140 # Cape Verde
141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
142 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
143 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
144 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
145 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
146 -1:00 - CVT
148 # Central African Republic
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
151 1:00 - WAT
153 # Chad
154 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
155 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
156 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
157 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
158 1:00 - WAT
160 # Comoros
161 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
162 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
163 3:00 - EAT
165 # Democratic Republic of Congo
166 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
167 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
168 1:00 - WAT
169 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
170 2:00 - CAT
172 # Republic of the Congo
173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
174 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
175 1:00 - WAT
177 # Cote D'Ivoire
178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
179 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
180 0:00 - GMT
182 # Djibouti
183 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
184 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
185 3:00 - EAT
187 ###############################################################################
189 # Egypt
191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
192 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
193 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
194 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
195 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
196 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
197 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
198 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
199 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
200 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
201 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
202 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
203 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
204 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
205 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
206 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
207 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
208 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
209 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
210 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
211 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
212 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
213 Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
214 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
215 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
216 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
217 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
218 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
219 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
220 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
221 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
222 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
223 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
224 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
225 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
226 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
227 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
228 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
229 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 -
230 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
231 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
232 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
233 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
234 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
235 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
236 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
237 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
238 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
239 Rule Egypt 2008 max - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 -
241 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
242 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct
243 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
245 # Equatorial Guinea
246 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
247 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
248 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
249 1:00 - WAT
251 # Eritrea
252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
253 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
254 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
255 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
256 3:00 - EAT
258 # Ethiopia
259 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
260 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
261 # between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
262 # We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
263 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
264 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
265 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
266 3:00 - EAT
268 # Gabon
269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
270 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
271 1:00 - WAT
273 # Gambia
274 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
275 Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
276 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
277 -1:00 - WAT 1964
278 0:00 - GMT
280 # Ghana
281 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
282 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
283 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
284 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
285 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
286 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
287 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
288 0:00 Ghana %s
290 # Guinea
291 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
292 Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
293 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
294 -1:00 - WAT 1960
295 0:00 - GMT
297 # Guinea-Bissau
298 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
299 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26
300 -1:00 - WAT 1975
301 0:00 - GMT
303 # Kenya
304 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
305 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
306 3:00 - EAT 1930
307 2:30 - BEAT 1940
308 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960
309 3:00 - EAT
311 # Lesotho
312 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
313 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
314 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
315 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
316 2:00 - SAST
318 # Liberia
319 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
320 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
321 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
322 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
323 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
324 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
325 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
326 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
327 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
328 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
329 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
330 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
331 0:00 - GMT
333 ###############################################################################
335 # Libya
337 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
338 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
339 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
340 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
341 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
342 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
343 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
344 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
345 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
346 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
347 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
348 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
349 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
350 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
351 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
352 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
353 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
354 2:00 - EET 1982
355 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
356 # The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
357 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
358 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
359 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4
360 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4
361 2:00 - EET
363 # Madagascar
364 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
365 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
366 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
367 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
368 3:00 - EAT
370 # Malawi
371 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
372 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
373 2:00 - CAT
375 # Mali
376 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
377 Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
378 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
379 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
380 0:00 - GMT
382 # Mauritania
383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384 Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
385 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
386 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
387 0:00 - GMT
389 # Mauritius
391 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
392 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
393 # basis....
394 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
395 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
396 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
398 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
399 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
401 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
402 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
403 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
404 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
406 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
407 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
409 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
410 # According to
411 # <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216">
412 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
413 # </a>
414 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
415 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
416 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
417 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
418 #
419 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
420 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
421 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
422 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
423 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
424 # changes two days later.
426 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
427 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
428 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
429 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
430 #
431 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
432 # de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
433 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
434 # ...
435 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html">
436 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
437 # </a>
439 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
440 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
441 # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=3D4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD">
442 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=3D4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
443 # </a>
444 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
445 #
446 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
447 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
448 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
449 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
450 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
451 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
452 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
453 # year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
454 # and end on 29 March 2009.
456 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
457 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
458 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
459 Rule Mauritius 2008 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
460 Rule Mauritius 2009 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
461 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
462 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
463 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
464 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
465 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
467 # Mayotte
468 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
469 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
470 3:00 - EAT
472 # Morocco
473 # See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
475 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
476 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
477 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
478 #
479 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
480 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
481 # Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
482 #
483 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html">
484 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
485 # </a>
486 # OR
487 # <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html">
488 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
489 # </a>
491 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
492 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
493 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view">
494 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
495 # </a>
496 #
497 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
498 # spokesman.
500 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
501 # According to this article:
502 # <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html">
503 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
504 # </a>
505 # (and republished here:
506 # <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html">
507 # http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
508 # </a>
509 # )
510 # the changes occurs at midnight:
511 #
512 # saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
513 # intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
514 # sunday night the 28th at midnight
515 #
516 # Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
517 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
518 # monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
519 # june1st to sept 27th.
520 #
521 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
522 # published on the web.
523 #
524 # It's also confirmed here:
525 # <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm">
526 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
527 # </a>
528 # on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
529 # posted in english).
530 #
531 # The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
532 # <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search">
533 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
534 # </a>
536 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
537 # Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow
538 # Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of
539 # Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named
540 # SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)?
542 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09):
543 # XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now.
545 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
546 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
547 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
548 # of September:
549 #
550 # One article about it (in French):
551 # <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default">
552 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
553 # </a>
554 #
555 # We have some further details posted here:
556 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html">
557 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
558 # </a>
559 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
561 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
562 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
563 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
564 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
565 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
566 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
567 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
568 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
569 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
570 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
571 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
572 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
573 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
574 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
575 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
576 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
577 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
578 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
579 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
580 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
581 1:00 - CET 1986
582 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
583 # Western Sahara
584 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
585 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
586 0:00 - WET
588 # Mozambique
589 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
590 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
591 2:00 - CAT
593 # Namibia
594 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
595 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
597 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
598 # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
599 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
600 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
601 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
602 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
603 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
604 # of the country.
605 #
606 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
607 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
608 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
610 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
611 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
612 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
613 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
614 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
615 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
616 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
617 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
618 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
619 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
620 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
622 # Niger
623 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
624 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
625 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
626 0:00 - GMT 1960
627 1:00 - WAT
629 # Nigeria
630 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
631 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
632 1:00 - WAT
634 # Reunion
635 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
636 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
637 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
638 #
639 # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
640 # The following information about them is taken from
641 # Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
642 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
643 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
644 #
645 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
646 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
647 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
648 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
649 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
651 # Rwanda
652 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
653 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
654 2:00 - CAT
656 # St Helena
657 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
658 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
659 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
660 0:00 - GMT
661 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
662 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
663 # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
664 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
665 # on GMT, says the CIA
666 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
668 # Sao Tome and Principe
669 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
670 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
671 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
672 0:00 - GMT
674 # Senegal
675 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
676 Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
677 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
678 0:00 - GMT
680 # Seychelles
681 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
682 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
683 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
684 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
685 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
686 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
687 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
688 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
689 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
691 # Sierra Leone
692 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
693 # Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
694 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
695 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
696 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
697 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
698 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
699 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
700 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
701 -1:00 SL %s 1957
702 0:00 SL %s
704 # Somalia
705 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
706 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
707 3:00 - EAT 1931
708 2:30 - BEAT 1957
709 3:00 - EAT
711 # South Africa
712 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
713 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
714 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
715 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
716 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
717 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
718 2:00 SA SAST
719 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
720 # scientific station since 1947
721 # no information
723 # Sudan
724 #
725 # From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
726 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
727 # </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
728 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
729 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
730 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
731 #
732 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
733 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
734 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
735 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
736 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
737 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
738 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
739 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
740 3:00 - EAT
742 # Swaziland
743 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
744 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
745 2:00 - SAST
747 # Tanzania
748 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
749 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
750 3:00 - EAT 1948
751 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961
752 3:00 - EAT
754 # Togo
755 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
756 Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
757 0:00 - GMT
759 # Tunisia
761 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
762 # My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
763 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
764 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
765 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
766 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
767 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
768 # Saturday." (My translation)
769 #
770 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
771 # LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
772 # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
773 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
774 # 1h standard time.
775 #
776 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
777 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
778 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
779 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
780 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
782 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
783 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
784 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
785 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
786 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
787 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
788 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
789 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
790 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
791 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
792 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
793 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
794 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
795 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
796 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
797 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
798 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
799 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
800 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
801 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
802 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
803 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
804 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
805 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
806 Rule Tunisia 2006 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
807 Rule Tunisia 2006 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
808 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
809 # more precise 0:09:21.
810 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
811 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
812 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
813 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
814 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
816 # Uganda
817 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
818 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
819 3:00 - EAT 1930
820 2:30 - BEAT 1948
821 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957
822 3:00 - EAT
824 # Zambia
825 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
826 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
827 2:00 - CAT
829 # Zimbabwe
830 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
831 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
832 2:00 - CAT