3 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
9 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
10 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
11 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
13 # Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
14 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
15 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
16 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
17 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
19 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
20 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
23 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
24 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
27 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
29 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
30 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
31 # Corrections are welcome!
34 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
36 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
41 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
44 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
46 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
49 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
50 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
51 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
52 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
54 ###############################################################################
56 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
57 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
58 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
59 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
60 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
61 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
62 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
63 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
64 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
65 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
66 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
67 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
68 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
69 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
74 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
75 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
80 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
81 # Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
82 # then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
83 # Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
84 # <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
85 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
86 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
87 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
88 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
89 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
90 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
91 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
92 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
93 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
98 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
99 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 S
100 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 1:00 0 -
101 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
102 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
103 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
104 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
105 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
106 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
107 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
108 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
113 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
118 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
119 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
120 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
121 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
123 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
124 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
125 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
131 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
133 # British Indian Ocean Territory
135 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
136 Zone Indian/Chagos 5:00 - IOT # BIOT Time
139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
140 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
145 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
146 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
147 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
148 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
149 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
150 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
153 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
154 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
155 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
163 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
165 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
166 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
167 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
168 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
169 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
170 # the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
172 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
173 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
174 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
176 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
177 # 1987 mid-April - ??
179 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
180 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
181 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
183 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
184 # Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
185 # observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
186 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
187 # Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
190 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
191 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
192 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
193 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
194 Rule PRC 1949 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
195 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
196 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
197 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
198 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
199 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
200 8:30 - HART 1932 Mar # Harbin Time
205 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
208 Zone Asia/Chungking 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chongqing
209 7:00 - CHUT 1980 May # Chungking Time
211 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
212 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
214 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
215 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
218 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
219 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
220 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
221 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
222 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
223 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
224 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
225 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
226 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
227 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
228 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
229 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
230 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
231 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
232 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
233 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
234 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
235 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
236 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
240 ###############################################################################
244 # Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
245 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
246 # have any other information.
248 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
249 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
250 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
251 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
252 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
253 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
254 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
255 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
256 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
257 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
258 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
259 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
260 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
261 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896
264 # Macao (Macau, Aomen)
265 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
266 Rule Macao 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
267 Rule Macao 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
268 Rule Macao 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
269 Rule Macao 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
270 Rule Macao 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
271 Rule Macao 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
272 Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
273 Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
274 Rule Macao 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
275 Rule Macao 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
276 Rule Macao 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
277 Rule Macao 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
278 Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
279 Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
280 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
281 Zone Asia/Macao 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
282 8:00 Macao MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
286 ###############################################################################
289 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
290 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
291 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
292 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
293 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
294 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
295 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
296 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
297 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
298 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
299 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
300 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
301 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
303 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
305 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
306 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
307 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
310 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-19):
311 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
312 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
313 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
314 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
316 # From Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org>, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
317 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
318 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
319 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
320 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
321 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
322 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
323 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
324 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
325 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
326 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
327 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
328 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
329 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
334 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
335 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
336 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
337 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
338 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
339 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
340 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
341 # conflicts with their way of life.
343 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
344 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
345 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
347 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
348 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
350 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
351 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
352 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
353 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
356 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
357 8:00 - TPT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
359 9:00 - TPT 1976 May 3
360 8:00 - TPT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
364 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
365 Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880
366 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
367 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
369 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
371 # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
373 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
377 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
378 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
379 # Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
380 # but this must be a typo.
381 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
382 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
383 7:30 - JAVT 1942 Mar 23
389 Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
390 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
391 8:00 - BORT 1942 Feb 9 # Borneo Time
394 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
395 9:00 - JAYT 1944 # Jayapura Time
400 # From Paul Eggert (2000-06-12), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
402 # <a href="http://www.persia.org/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt">
403 # TAGHVEEM (1993-07-12)
405 # writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day
406 # of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.'' This disagrees with the SSIM:
409 # year SSIM Alavi SSIM Alavi
410 # 1991 05-03!= 03-21 09-20!= 09-23
411 # 1992 03-22!= 03-21 09-23 09-23
412 # 1993 03-21 03-21 09-23 09-23
413 # 1994 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
414 # 1995 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
415 # 1996 03-21!= 03-20 09-22 09-22
416 # 1997 03-22!= 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
417 # 1998 03-21 03-21 09-21!= 09-23
418 # 1999 03-22!= 03-21 09-22!= 09-23
419 # 2000 03-21!= 03-20 09-21!= 09-22
420 # 2001 03-19!= 03-21 09-19!= 09-23
421 # 2002 03-18!= 03-21 09-18!= 09-23
423 # Go with Alavi starting with 1992.
424 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 19.34 to compute Persian dates.
425 # The Persian calendar is based on the sun, and dates after around 2050
426 # are approximate; stop after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
428 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
429 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
430 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
431 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 -
432 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
433 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00s 1:00 S
434 Rule Iran 1991 only - Sep 20 0:00s 0 -
435 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
436 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
437 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
438 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
439 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
440 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
441 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
442 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
443 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
444 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
445 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
446 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
447 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
448 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
449 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
450 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
451 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
452 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
453 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
454 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
455 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
456 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
457 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
458 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
459 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
460 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
461 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
462 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
463 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
464 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
465 Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
466 Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
467 Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
468 Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
469 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
470 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
471 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
472 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
473 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
474 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
475 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S
476 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
477 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S
478 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
479 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
480 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
481 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
489 # From Jonathan Lennox <lennox@cs.columbia.edu> (2000-06-12):
490 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
491 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
492 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
493 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
495 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
496 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
497 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
498 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
499 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
501 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
503 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
504 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
505 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
506 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
507 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
508 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
509 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
510 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
511 # Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
512 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
513 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
514 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
515 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
516 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
521 ###############################################################################
525 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
526 # ISRAEL 2 H AHEAD OF UTC
527 # ISRAEL 3 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 10 - SEP 3
530 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
531 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
532 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
533 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
534 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
535 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
536 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
537 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
538 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
539 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
540 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
541 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
542 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
543 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
544 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
545 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
546 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
547 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
548 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
549 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
550 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
551 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
552 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
553 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
554 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
555 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
556 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
557 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
558 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
559 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
560 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
561 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
562 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
563 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
564 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
565 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
566 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
567 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
568 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
569 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
570 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
572 # From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim@cs.huji.ac.il>
573 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17 and 2000-07-25):
575 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
576 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
577 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
578 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
579 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
580 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
581 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
582 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
583 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
584 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
585 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
586 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
587 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
588 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
589 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
590 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
591 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
592 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
593 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
594 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
595 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
596 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
598 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
599 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
600 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
601 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
602 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
603 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
604 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
605 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
606 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
607 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
608 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
610 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
611 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
612 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
614 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
615 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
616 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
617 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
618 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
620 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
621 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
622 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
624 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
626 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
628 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
630 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
632 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
634 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
635 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
636 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
637 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
638 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
639 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
640 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
641 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
642 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
644 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
645 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
646 # years 2001-2004 as well.
648 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
650 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
652 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
653 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
655 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
657 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
658 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
659 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
660 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
661 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
662 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
663 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
664 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
665 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
666 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
667 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
669 # From Paul Eggert (2000-07-25):
670 # Here are guesses for rules after 2004.
671 # They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all.
672 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
673 Rule Zion 2005 max - Apr 1 1:00 1:00 D
674 Rule Zion 2005 max - Oct 1 1:00 0 S
676 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
677 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
678 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
682 ###############################################################################
686 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
688 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-03-06):
689 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
690 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
691 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
692 # Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows:
693 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
694 #Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
695 #Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
696 #Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
697 #Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
698 # but the only locations using it were US military bases.
699 # We go with Shanks and omit daylight saving in those years for Asia/Tokyo.
701 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
702 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
703 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
704 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
705 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
706 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
707 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
709 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
710 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
711 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
712 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
713 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
714 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
715 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
716 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
719 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
720 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
722 # Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki)
723 # use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
725 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
726 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
730 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
734 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
735 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
736 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
737 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
740 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
741 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
742 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
743 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
744 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
745 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
747 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
748 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
749 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
750 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
751 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
752 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
753 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
754 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
755 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
756 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
757 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
758 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
759 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
760 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
761 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
762 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
763 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
764 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
765 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
766 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
767 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
768 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
769 Rule Jordan 1999 max - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
770 Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
771 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
772 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
776 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
777 # Andrew Evtichov <evti@chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
778 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
779 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
780 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
781 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
783 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
784 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
785 5:00 - ALMT 1957 Mar # Alma-Ata Time
786 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
787 5:00 1:00 ALMST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
788 5:00 - ALMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
789 6:00 E-EurAsia ALM%sT
790 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
791 4:00 - AKT 1957 Mar # Aktyubinsk Time
792 5:00 RussiaAsia AK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
793 4:00 1:00 AKTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
794 4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtobe Time
795 5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT
796 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Aktau
797 4:00 - SHET 1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko Time
798 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
799 4:00 1:00 AQTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
800 4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtau Time
801 5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT 1995 Sep lastSun
802 4:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT
804 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
805 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
806 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
807 Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00 1:00 S
808 Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
809 Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
810 Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
811 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
812 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
813 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
814 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
815 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
816 5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time
818 ###############################################################################
820 # Korea (North and South)
823 # According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
824 # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know
825 # at what time of day DST starts or ends.
828 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
829 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
830 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
831 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D
832 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S
834 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
835 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
839 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
840 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
843 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
847 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
848 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
851 ###############################################################################
854 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
855 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
859 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
860 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
861 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
867 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
868 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
869 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
870 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
871 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
872 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
873 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
874 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
875 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
876 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
877 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
878 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
879 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
880 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
881 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
882 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
883 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
884 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
885 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
886 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
887 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
888 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
889 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
890 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
891 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
892 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
893 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
897 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
898 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS
899 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
900 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
901 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 1880
902 6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
903 7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time
904 7:20 - MALT 1942 Feb 15
905 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
908 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
909 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
910 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
911 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942
912 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
917 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
918 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
919 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
920 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
924 # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
925 # Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
926 # both say that it has just one.
928 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
929 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
930 # General Information Mongolia
932 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
933 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
934 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
937 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
938 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
939 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
940 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
941 # of implementation may have been different....
942 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
943 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
944 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
946 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
947 # For now, we'll comment out the east zone (Choybalsan)
948 # and use Shanks's and the IATA's data for the daylight-saving rules.
949 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
950 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
951 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
952 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
953 # is good enough for our purposes.
955 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
956 Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
957 Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
958 Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
959 Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
960 Rule Mongol 1991 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
961 Rule Mongol 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
962 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25; go with Shanks.
963 Rule Mongol 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
964 Rule Mongol 1997 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
965 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
967 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
968 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
969 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
971 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
972 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
974 # We're not sure about this entry yet, so we'll omit it for now.
975 #Zone Asia/Choybalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
976 # 8:00 - CHOT 1978 # Choybalsan Time
977 # 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 19??
981 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
982 Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
984 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
987 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
988 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
992 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
993 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
995 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
996 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
997 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
998 5:00 - PKT # Pakistan Time
1002 # From Amos Shapir <amos@nsof.co.il> (1998-02-15):
1004 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1005 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1006 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1008 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1009 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1010 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1013 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1014 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1015 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1016 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1017 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1020 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1021 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1022 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1023 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1024 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1026 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1027 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1028 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1029 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1030 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1033 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1035 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1036 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1037 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1038 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1039 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1041 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1044 # From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
1045 # Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go
1046 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1047 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1048 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1049 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1050 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1051 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1052 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1053 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1054 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1056 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1057 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1059 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1060 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1061 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1062 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1064 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1065 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1066 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1068 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1069 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1070 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1071 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1072 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1074 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1075 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1076 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1077 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1078 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1079 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1080 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1081 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1083 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1084 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1086 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1087 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1088 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1089 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1091 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1092 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1098 # Howse writes (p 153) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
1099 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
1100 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1101 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1102 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1103 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1104 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1105 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1106 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1107 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1108 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844
1109 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1110 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1115 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1116 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1121 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1122 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1127 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:24 - LMT 1880
1128 6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
1129 7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time
1130 7:20 - MALT 1942 Feb 15
1131 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
1133 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1134 7:30 - SGT 1982 May # Singapore Time
1141 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1142 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1143 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1144 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1145 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1146 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1148 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1150 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1151 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1153 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1154 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1156 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1157 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1158 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1159 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1160 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1161 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1162 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1163 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1167 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1168 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1169 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1170 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1171 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1172 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1173 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1174 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1175 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1176 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1177 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1178 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1179 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1180 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1181 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1182 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1183 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1184 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1185 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1186 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1187 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1188 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1189 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1190 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1191 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1192 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1193 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1194 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1195 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1196 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1197 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1198 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1199 # ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
1200 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1201 Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1202 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1203 Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1204 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1205 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1210 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1211 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1212 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1213 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1214 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1215 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1218 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1219 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1220 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1225 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1226 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1227 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1228 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1229 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
1230 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1233 # United Arab Emirates
1234 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1235 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1239 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1240 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1241 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1242 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
1243 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
1244 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
1245 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1246 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1247 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1249 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1250 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1251 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1252 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1253 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1254 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1258 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
1259 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
1260 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
1262 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1263 Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
1264 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1270 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1271 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950