stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   6    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   7    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Lesser General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
  16    Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
  17    02111-1307 USA.  */
  18
  19 /*
  20  *      ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities        <stdlib.h>
  21  */
  22
  23 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  24
  25 #include <features.h>
  26
  27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  28 #define         __need_size_t
  29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  30 # define        __need_wchar_t
  31 # define        __need_NULL
  32 #endif
  33 #include <stddef.h>
  34
  35 __BEGIN_DECLS
  36
  37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  38 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  39
  40 #if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  41 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  42 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  43 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  44
  45 # ifdef __USE_BSD
  46
  47 /* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
  48    as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word.  */
  49
  50 #  if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
  51 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)                                                 \
  52   (__extension__ ({ union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; } __u;            \
  53                     __u.__in = (status); __u.__i; }))
  54 #  else
  55 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)   (*(int *) &(status))
  56 #  endif
  57
  58 /* This is the type of the argument to `wait'.  The funky union
  59    causes redeclarations with ether `int *' or `union wait *' to be
  60    allowed without complaint.  __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
  61    the actual function definitions.  */
  62
  63 #  if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
  64 #   define __WAIT_STATUS        void *
  65 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   void *
  66 #  else
  67 /* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later.  */
  68 typedef union
  69   {
  70     union wait *__uptr;
  71     int *__iptr;
  72   } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
  73 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   int *
  74 #  endif
  75
  76 # else /* Don't use BSD.  */
  77
  78 #  define __WAIT_INT(status)    (status)
  79 #  define __WAIT_STATUS         int *
  80 #  define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN    int *
  81
  82 # endif /* Use BSD.  */
  83
  84 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  85 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS(__WAIT_INT(status))
  86 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  87 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  88 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  89 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  90 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  91 # ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
  92 #  define WIFCONTINUED(status)  __WIFCONTINUED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  93 # endif
  94 #endif  /* X/Open and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  95
  96 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
  97 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  98 typedef struct
  99   {
 100     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
 101     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
 102   } div_t;
 103
 104 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
 105 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
 106 typedef struct
 107   {
 108     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
 109     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
 110   } ldiv_t;
 111 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
 112 #endif
 113 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 114
 115 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
 116 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 117 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
 118 __extension__ typedef struct
 119   {
 120     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
 121     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
 122   } lldiv_t;
 123 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
 124 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 125 #endif
 126
 127
 128 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
 129 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
 130
 131
 132 /* We define these the same for all machines.
 133    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
 134 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
 135 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
 136
 137
 138 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
 139 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
 140 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW __wur;
 141
 142
 143 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 144 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 145 extern double atof (__const char *__nptr)
 146      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 147 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 148 extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr)
 149      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 150 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 151 extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr)
 152      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 153 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 154
 155 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 156 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 157 /* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
 158 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr)
 159      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 160 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 161 #endif
 162
 163 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 164 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 165 extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 166                       char **__restrict __endptr)
 167      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 168 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 169
 170 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 171 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 172 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 173 extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 174                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 175
 176 extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 177                             char **__restrict __endptr)
 178      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 179 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 180 #endif
 181
 182 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 183 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 184 extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 185                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 186      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 187 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 188 extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 189                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 190      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 191 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 192
 193 #if defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_BSD
 194 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 195 __extension__
 196 extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 197                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 198      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 199 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 200 __extension__
 201 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 202                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 203      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 204 #endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */
 205
 206 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 207 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 208 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 209 __extension__
 210 extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 211                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 212      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 213 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 214 __extension__
 215 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 216                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 217      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 218 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 219 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC.  */
 220
 221
 222 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 223 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 224    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 225    information from several different locales.  Another application is
 226    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 227    upcoming ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 228    the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
 229    argument.
 230
 231    Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
 232    This is a proof-of-concept implementation.  */
 233
 234 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 235    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 236 # include <xlocale.h>
 237
 238 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 239    use as an additional parameter.  */
 240 extern long int strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 241                           char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 242                           __locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
 243
 244 extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 245                                     char **__restrict __endptr,
 246                                     int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 247      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
 248
 249 __extension__
 250 extern long long int strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 251                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 252                                 __locale_t __loc)
 253      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
 254
 255 __extension__
 256 extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 257                                           char **__restrict __endptr,
 258                                           int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 259      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;
 260
 261 extern double strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 262                         char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 263      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
 264
 265 extern float strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 266                        char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 267      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
 268
 269 extern long double strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 270                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 271                               __locale_t __loc)
 272      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
 273 #endif /* GNU */
 274
 275
 276 /* The internal entry points for `strtoX' take an extra flag argument
 277    saying whether or not to parse locale-dependent number grouping.  */
 278
 279 extern double __strtod_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 280                                  char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 281      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 282 extern float __strtof_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 283                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 284      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 285 extern long double __strtold_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 286                                        char **__restrict __endptr,
 287                                        int __group)
 288      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 289 #ifndef __strtol_internal_defined
 290 extern long int __strtol_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 291                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 292                                    int __base, int __group)
 293      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 294 # define __strtol_internal_defined      1
 295 #endif
 296 #ifndef __strtoul_internal_defined
 297 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 298                                              char **__restrict __endptr,
 299                                              int __base, int __group)
 300      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 301 # define __strtoul_internal_defined     1
 302 #endif
 303 #if defined __GNUC__ || defined __USE_ISOC99
 304 # ifndef __strtoll_internal_defined
 305 __extension__
 306 extern long long int __strtoll_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 307                                          char **__restrict __endptr,
 308                                          int __base, int __group)
 309      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 310 #  define __strtoll_internal_defined    1
 311 # endif
 312 # ifndef __strtoull_internal_defined
 313 __extension__
 314 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_internal (__const char *
 315                                                    __restrict __nptr,
 316                                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 317                                                    int __base, int __group)
 318      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 319 #  define __strtoull_internal_defined   1
 320 # endif
 321 #endif /* GCC */
 322
 323 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 324 /* Define inline functions which call the internal entry points.  */
 325
 326 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 327 __extern_inline double
 328 __NTH (strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
 329 {
 330   return __strtod_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 331 }
 332 __extern_inline long int
 333 __NTH (strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 334                int __base))
 335 {
 336   return __strtol_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 337 }
 338 __extern_inline unsigned long int
 339 __NTH (strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 340                 int __base))
 341 {
 342   return __strtoul_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 343 }
 344 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 345
 346 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 347 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 348 __extern_inline float
 349 __NTH (strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
 350 {
 351   return __strtof_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 352 }
 353 #  ifndef __LDBL_COMPAT
 354 __extern_inline long double
 355 __NTH (strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
 356 {
 357   return __strtold_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 358 }
 359 #  endif
 360 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 361 # endif
 362
 363 # ifdef __USE_BSD
 364 __extension__ __extern_inline long long int
 365 __NTH (strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 366                int __base))
 367 {
 368   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 369 }
 370 __extension__ __extern_inline unsigned long long int
 371 __NTH (strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 372                 int __base))
 373 {
 374   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 375 }
 376 # endif
 377
 378 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 379 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 380 __extension__ __extern_inline long long int
 381 __NTH (strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 382                 int __base))
 383 {
 384   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 385 }
 386 __extension__ __extern_inline unsigned long long int
 387 __NTH (strtoull (__const char * __restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 388                  int __base))
 389 {
 390   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 391 }
 392 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 393 # endif
 394
 395 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 396 __extern_inline double
 397 __NTH (atof (__const char *__nptr))
 398 {
 399   return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
 400 }
 401 __extern_inline int
 402 __NTH (atoi (__const char *__nptr))
 403 {
 404   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 405 }
 406 __extern_inline long int
 407 __NTH (atol (__const char *__nptr))
 408 {
 409   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 410 }
 411 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 412
 413 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 414 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 415 __extension__ __extern_inline long long int
 416 __NTH (atoll (__const char *__nptr))
 417 {
 418   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 419 }
 420 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 421 # endif
 422 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 423
 424
 425 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 426 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 427    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 428    next call.  */
 429 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW __wur;
 430
 431 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 432 extern long int a64l (__const char *__s)
 433      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 434
 435 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open.  */
 436
 437 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_BSD
 438 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 439
 440 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 441    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 442    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 443    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 444 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 445 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
 446
 447 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 448 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 449
 450 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 451    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 452    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 453    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 454 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 455                         size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 456
 457 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 458    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 459 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 460
 461
 462 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 463 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 464    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 465    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 466
 467 struct random_data
 468   {
 469     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 470     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 471     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 472     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 473     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 474     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 475     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 476   };
 477
 478 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 479                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 480
 481 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
 482      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 483
 484 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 485                         size_t __statelen,
 486                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 487      __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
 488
 489 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 490                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 491      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 492 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 493 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open || BSD. */
 494
 495
 496 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 497 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 498 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 499 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 500 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 501 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 502
 503 #ifdef __USE_POSIX
 504 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 505 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 506 #endif
 507
 508
 509 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 510 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 511
 512 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 513 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 514 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 515
 516 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 517 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 518 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 519      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 520
 521 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 522 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 523 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 524      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 525
 526 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 527 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 528 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
 529      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 530 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 531
 532 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 533 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
 534    type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
 535    have to allocate objects of this type.  */
 536 struct drand48_data
 537   {
 538     unsigned short int __x[3];  /* Current state.  */
 539     unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 540     unsigned short int __c;     /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 541     unsigned short int __init;  /* Flag for initializing.  */
 542     unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential formula.  */
 543   };
 544
 545 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 546 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 547                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 548 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 549                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 550                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 551
 552 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 553 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 554                       long int *__restrict __result)
 555      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 556 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 557                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 558                       long int *__restrict __result)
 559      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 560
 561 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 562 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 563                       long int *__restrict __result)
 564      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 565 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 566                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 567                       long int *__restrict __result)
 568      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 569
 570 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 571 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 572      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 573
 574 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 575                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 576
 577 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 578                       struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 579      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 580 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 581 #endif  /* Use SVID or X/Open.  */
 582
 583 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 584
 585 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 586 # define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 587 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 588 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 589 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 590 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 591 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 592      __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 593 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 594 #endif
 595
 596 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 597 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 598 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 599    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 600 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
 601      __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __attribute_warn_unused_result__;
 602 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 603 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 604 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 605
 606 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 607 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 608 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 609 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 610
 611 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
 612 # include <alloca.h>
 613 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */
 614
 615 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 616 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 617 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 618 #endif
 619
 620 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 621 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 622 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 623      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 624 #endif
 625
 626 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 627 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 628 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 629
 630
 631 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 632 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 633 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 634
 635 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 636 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 637    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 638 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 639      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 640 #endif
 641
 642 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 643 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 644    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
 645    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 646 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 647 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 648
 649 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 650 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 651 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 652    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 653 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 654 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 655 #endif
 656
 657
 658 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 659 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 660 extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 661 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 662
 663 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 664    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 665 extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name)
 666      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 667
 668 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 669 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 670 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 671    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 672 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 673 #endif
 674
 675 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
 676 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 677    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 678 extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
 679      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 680
 681 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 682 extern int unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 683 #endif
 684
 685 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 686 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 687    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 688    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 689 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 690 #endif
 691
 692
 693 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 694 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 695    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 696    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 697    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 698 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 699
 700 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 701    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 702    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 703    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 704    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.
 705
 706    This function is a possible cancellation points and therefore not
 707    marked with __THROW.  */
 708 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 709 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 710 # else
 711 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 712 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64)
 713      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 714 #  else
 715 #   define mkstemp mkstemp64
 716 #  endif
 717 # endif
 718 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 719 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 720 # endif
 721 #endif
 722
 723 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 724 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 725    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 726    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 727    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 728    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 729 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 730 #endif
 731
 732
 733 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 734 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.
 735
 736    This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
 737    __THROW.  */
 738 extern int system (__const char *__command) __wur;
 739 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 740
 741
 742 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 743 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 744    existing named file.  */
 745 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name)
 746      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 747 #endif
 748
 749 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 750 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  If RESOLVED is
 751    null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical name is
 752    PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 753    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars,
 754    returns the name in RESOLVED.  */
 755 extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
 756                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW __wur;
 757 #endif
 758
 759
 760 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 761 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 762 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 763 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);
 764
 765 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 766 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 767 # endif
 768 #endif
 769
 770 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 771 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 772    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 773 extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
 774                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
 775      __nonnull ((1, 2, 5)) __wur;
 776
 777 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 778    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 779 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 780                    __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));
 781
 782
 783 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 784 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 785 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 786 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 787
 788 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 789 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 790      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 791 #endif
 792
 793
 794 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 795 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 796    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 797 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 798 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 799      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 800 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 801      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 802 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 803
 804 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 805 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 806 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 807                                     long long int __denom)
 808      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 809 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 810 #endif
 811
 812
 813 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 814 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 815    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 816
 817 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 818    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 819    with the sign of the number.  */
 820 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 821                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 822
 823 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 824    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 825    the number.  */
 826 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 827                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 828
 829 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 830    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 831    be written to BUF.  */
 832 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 833      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 834
 835
 836 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 837 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 838 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 839                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 840      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 841 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 842                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 843      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 844 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 845      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 846
 847
 848 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 849    buffers.  */
 850 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 851                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 852                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 853 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 854                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 855                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 856
 857 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 858                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 859                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 860      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 861 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 862                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 863                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 864      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 865 # endif /* misc */
 866 #endif  /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
 867
 868
 869 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 870 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 871    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 872 extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
 873 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 874    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 875 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 876                    __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
 877 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 878    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 879 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW __wur;
 880
 881
 882 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 883 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 884                         __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 885 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 886 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 887                         __const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 888      __THROW;
 889 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 890
 891
 892 #ifdef __USE_SVID
 893 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 894    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 895    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 896    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 897 extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 898 #endif
 899
 900
 901 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 902 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 903    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 904    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 905    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 906    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 907    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 908 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 909                       char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
 910                       char **__restrict __valuep)
 911      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3)) __wur;
 912 #endif
 913
 914
 915 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 916 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 917 extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 918 #endif
 919
 920
 921 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 922
 923 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 924 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
 925 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __wur;
 926 #endif
 927
 928 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 929 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 930    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 931
 932 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 933 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 934
 935 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 936    Call after grantpt().  */
 937 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 938
 939 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
 940    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 941    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 942 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW __wur;
 943 #endif
 944
 945 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 946 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 947    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 948    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 949 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
 950      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 951
 952 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 953 extern int getpt (void);
 954 #endif
 955
 956 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 957 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 958    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 959    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 960 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
 961      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 962 #endif
 963
 964
 965 /* Define some macros helping to catch buffer overflows.  */
 966 #if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && !defined __cplusplus
 967 # include <bits/stdlib.h>
 968 #endif
 969 #ifdef __LDBL_COMPAT
 970 # include <bits/stdlib-ldbl.h>
 971 #endif
 972
 973 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 974 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 975
 976 __END_DECLS
 977
 978 #endif /* stdlib.h  */