1 GNU C Library NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2003-4-24
2 Copyright (C) 1992-2002,2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 See the end for copying conditions.
5 Please send GNU C library bug reports using the `glibcbug' script to
6 <bugs@gnu.org>. Please send questions and suggestions to <bug-glibc@gnu.org>.
10 * New functions `dladdr1' and `dlinfo' in <dlfcn.h> provide more ways to
11 interrogate the dynamic linker, compatible with the Solaris interface.
13 * ELF thread-local storage support (TLS) now works on PowerPC and PowerPC64;
14 implemented by Paul Mackerras, Steven Munroe, and Roland McGrath.
16 * getifaddrs new uses on Linux the netlink interface to get the information.
17 Implemented by Thorsten Kukuk.
19 * getaddrinfo now implements AI_V4MAPPED, AI_ALL, and AI_ADDRCONF.
20 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
24 * Thread-safe interfaces for many functions that access locale data
25 were added in version 2.3, but these features were omitted from NEWS.
26 Many functions have variants with an `_l' suffix that take a `locale_t'
27 object as a parameter rather than consulting the current locale.
28 The new functions `newlocale', `duplocale', and `freelocale' in <locale.h>
29 create and maintain `locale_t' objects. Additionally, the new function
30 `uselocale' sets "the current locale" (as used by functions not so
31 parameterized) set for an individual thread. These features were added
32 in version 2.3, implemented by Ulrich Drepper and Roland McGrath.
34 * The functions getresuid, getresgid, setresuid, and setresgid, which
35 have long been available on Linux, are now declared in <unistd.h>
36 and are now also available on the Hurd.
38 * ELF thread-local storage support (TLS) now works on x86-64.
40 * The new dynamic string token $LIB is expanded in shared library names.
41 This normally expands to lib, but on some 64-bit platforms to lib64 instead.
43 * Aldy Hernandez contributed complete software floating point support for
44 PowerPC machines with no FPU.
46 * fexecve is implemented on Linux.
48 * The `btowc' function should work at least twice as fast due to
49 specialized callbacks in the iconv modules. Implemented by Bruno Haible.
51 * With approriate thread add-ons cancelable functions are now implemented
52 in libc.so as well. No need to call the function in libpthread. This
53 change allowed to finally disable the incorrect and expensive handling
54 of weak definition in ld.so.
56 * Yet more PLT entries in libc.so have been removed. We finally arrived
57 at the bare minimum. Startup times improved appropriately.
59 * Support for the new Linux/x86 system call interface was added. The
60 AT_SYSINFO auxiliary vector entry is recognized and handled.
64 * Masahide Washizawa contributed iconv modules for IBM1163 and IBM1164
67 * iconv (the program and the interface) now accepts empty names (excluding
68 options like //TRANSLIT) to mean "use charset of current locale".
70 * localedef can now transliterate characters in strings which are not in
71 the provided charmap. The information from the input locale is used.
73 * Prelinking support was added for ELF targets. This requires additional
74 tools and recent versions of the GNU binutils. Contributed by Jakub Jelinek.
76 * Read-only stdio streams now use mmap to speed up operation by eliminating
77 copying and buffer underflows. To use add 'm' to the mode string of
78 the fopen/fdopen/freopen call. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
80 * The malloc functions were completely rewritten by Wolfram Gloger based
81 on Doug Lea's malloc-2.7.0.c.
83 * Isamu Hasegawa contributed a completely new and POSIX-conformant
84 implementation of regex.
86 * Bruno Haible upgraded the iconv and locale implementation to support
89 * Contents of the LC_* and LANG environment variables in the CEN style are
90 not recognized anymore. It never was used. Change by Ulrich Drepper.
92 * The runtime (ld.so, libc, libpthread for Linux) now can handle the ELF
93 thread-local storage (TLS) ABI on some platforms.
94 Changes by Ulrich Drepper. SH support by Kaz Kojima.
96 * Bruno Haible contributed iconv converters for ISO-2022-JP-3, SHIFT JIS-X0213,
97 EUC-JISX0213, and TSCII.
99 * New header <ifaddrs.h> with functions `getifaddrs' and `freeifaddrs':
100 BSD-compatible interface for getting all network interface addresses.
101 Implementation for IPv4 by Roland McGrath.
103 * Loading of locale data is faster due to the introduction of a locale
104 archive. Implemented by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
106 * Startup times are significantly reduced by not using exported functions
107 inside the library itself. Changes by Jakub Jelinek, Roland McGrath,
110 * Steven Munroe contributed a port to PowerPC64/Linux.
114 * The Hurd now uses the GNU libio implementation of stdio rather than the
115 old GNU stdio implementation, and uses a new ABI (libc.so.0.3).
117 * The Hurd on x86 now has the `ioperm' function and <sys/io.h> header file
118 with the same behavior as the Linux system call of the same name.
122 * Stephen Moshier implemented log2, log10, powl and cbrtl for the
123 128-bit long double format.
125 * Masahide Washizawa contributed iconv modules for IBM1132, IBM1133, IBM1160,
126 IBM1161, and IBM1162 charsets.
128 * Andreas Jaeger contributed a port to x86-64/Linux.
130 * Peter Bruin contributed a port to PowerPC/Hurd.
132 * libc functions using I/O streams now can handle wide-oriented streams
135 * optimizations in the dynamic linker. Binaries created by recent binutils
136 versions start up quicker due to reduced time spent on relocations.
138 * Support for use of gcc3 added by Jakub Jelinek and HJ Lu.
142 * Stephen Moshier implemented cosh, expm1, log1p, acos, sinh, tanh,
143 asinh, atanh, j0 for the 128-bit long double format.
145 * Bruno Haible updated all the code handling Unicode in some form to
148 * Speed of regex for single-byte locales is back to previous levels.
149 Patch by Isamu Hasegawa.
151 * Alpha, SPARC, and IA-64 now also using floating stacks.
153 * Startup time of internationalized applications greatly improved through
154 iconv cache. Use iconvconfig to generate the cache file.
155 Contributed by Ulrich Drepper.
157 * The IA-64 specific part of ld.so was rewritten to eliminate some pretty
158 severe performance problems. Patch by David Mosberger.
160 * The Hurd port got a lot more functionality like AIO, various stdio
161 extensions, etc. Mainly done by Roland McGrath.
163 * mtrace can now lookup symbols in shared libraries.
167 * Intel's IA-64 math library is largely integrated. It provides fast and
168 accurate implementatations for most basic and standard math functions
169 in float, double, and long double format.
171 * Stephen Moshier implemented j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn, lgamma, erf, erfc,
172 and asin for the 96-bit long double format and asin, log, tan for the
173 128-bit long double format.
175 * The beginning of a last-bit accurate math library by IBM Haifa were added.
176 The basic double functions exist today. Contributed by Abraham Ziv
177 <ziv@il.ibm.com>, Moshe Olshansky <olshansk@il.ibm.com>, Ealan Henis
178 <ealan@il.ibm.com>, and Anna Reitman <reitman@il.ibm.com>.
180 * An asynchronous name lookup library was added. The interface is designed
181 after POSIX AIO. The proposal was circulated beforehand to get comments.
182 No negative ones came in. Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
184 * Port to S390/64bit contributed by Martin Schwidefsky
185 <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>.
187 * David Mosberger <davidm@hpl.hp.com> implemented the setcontext family
188 of functions for Linux/IA-64.
190 * The RPC code is now thread safe. Threads can now use the same service
191 of different services at the same time. Patch by Eric Norum
192 <eric.norum@usask.ca> with some help by Ulrich Drepper.
194 * Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> implemented the setcontext
195 family of functions for Linux/S390.
197 * Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> implemented the setcontext family
198 of functions for Linux/x86.
200 * Port to Linux/CRIS contributed by Axis Communications.
204 * Lots of headers were cleaned up. Using the tool in the conform/ subdir
205 we can now check for namespace violations and missing declarations. The
206 result is that almost all headers are now Unix-compliant (as defined in
207 the upcoming XPG6). The negative side is that some programs might need
208 corrections, too, if they depend on the incorrect form of the headers in
209 previous versions which defined too many symbols and included too many
212 * regex now handles multibyte character sets correctly.
213 Contributed by Isamu Hasegawa <isamu@yamato.ibm.com>.
215 * iconv (the program) does now conform to the upcoming XPG6 and handles
216 charmaps. Instead of the charset names the path of charmaps can be
217 provided and the conversion happens based on this data.
218 Contributed by Ulrich Drepper.
220 * The locale program now provides detailed information about the installed
225 only lists the names of the supported locales
229 provides details such as country, language, and codeset name.
230 Contributed by Ulrich Drepper.
234 * The gencat program now parses the input file according to the charset
235 selected by the LC_CTYPE category. This is important for stateful
236 character sets. To make generating catalogs easier there is a way
237 to overwrite the charset selected by the locale: before the first
238 message or $ quote line the catalog can contain a line like
242 to select the charset (ISO-8859-2 in this case).
244 Implemented by Shinya Hanataka and Ulrich Drepper.
246 * New codeset conversion modules: IBM-922 (Estonia PC codeset),
247 IBM-1124 (Ukraine PC codeset), IBM-1129 (Vietnamese PC codeset).
248 Contributed by Masahide Washizawa <washi@jp.ibm.com>.
250 * Optimized string functions for Alpha ev6 and ev67 by Richard Henderson
251 <rth@redhat.com> and Rick Gorton <rick.gorton@alpha-processor.com>.
253 * The LANGUAGE environment variable is now ignored unless the locale is
254 changed from the default "C" locale.
256 * The usual bug fixes.
260 * Greg McGary added runtime support for bounds checking using gcc's
261 new -fbounded-pointers option. ix86 target is complete. PowerPC
264 * Thorsten Kukuk added secure mode support to nscd.
266 * The Berkeley db libraries have been removed.
268 Related, the nss_db module is now in a separate package since it
269 obviously requires a database library being available.
271 * Wide character I/O streams implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
273 * Functions from the extended socket API added by Ulrich Drepper.
275 * Functions feenableexcept and fedisableexcept to control the
276 behaviour of individual exceptions have been added by Andreas Jaeger.
278 * ldconfig program added by Andreas Jaeger and Jakub Jelinek.
280 * The resolver code has been updated from bind 8.2.3-T5B which supports
281 threads. The integration was done by Andreas Jaeger, Adam D. Bradley,
284 This change could in some situations effect backward compatibility. Since
285 now `_res' is a thread-local instead of a global variable, modifying it
286 in one thread does not have any effect in other threads.
288 The resolver library was also extended to allow IPv6 as the transport
289 protocol for the requests. This work was done by Stig Venaas.
291 * Compatibility code for K&R C compilers has been removed from the
292 header files. A ISO C compiler is needed to use the library
293 (conforming to either C89 or C99 standard).
295 * Complete rewrite of the localedef program to support multibyte character
296 sets. Implement handling of ISO 14651 and ISO 14652. Rewrite strcoll,
297 strxfrm, wcscoll, and wcsxfrm functions. Make isw*() functions work.
298 Implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
300 Bruno Haible significantly improved the generation and use of the data
301 structures for the wide character tables.
303 * Plural handling in gettext implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
305 * The utmp daemon has been removed.
307 * The port to MIPS-Linux has been finished by Andreas Jaeger.
309 * A port to Hitachi SH3 and SH4 has been contributed by Kazumoto Kojima
312 * POSIX clocks and timers implemented by Kaz Kylheku and Ulrich Drepper.
314 * POSIX barriers implemented by Kaz Kylheku.
316 * POSIX spawn function family implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
318 * POSIX spinlocks are now available.
320 * Timed wait functions for mutex, rwlock, and semaphores are implemented.
322 * the configure option --enable-kernel=X.Y.Z allows to strip out
323 compatibility for kernel versions before X.Y.Z. This is currently only
324 implemented for Linux.
326 * the sockaddr_in6 structure changed. The IPv6 working group added a new
327 field sin6_scope_id. This means that all programs using IPv6 should be
328 recompiled. Don't expect binary compatibility with previous glibc
331 * various conversion modules for IBM character sets contributed by
334 * IA-64 port by Jes Sorensen and HJ Lu.
336 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
337 Compiling the GNU C Library for Linux/ia64
338 ******************************************
340 Please refer to the file INSTALL in the same directory as you found
341 this file for general information about configuring and compiling
344 For general inquiries about glibc under Linux/ia64 please use the
345 following mailing list linux-ia64@linuxia64.org or one of the relevant
348 Recommended Tools for Compilation
349 =================================
351 In order for glibc-2.2 to build correctly on the ia64 you need at
352 least the following versions of the GNU tools (the :
354 * The Cygnus toolchain snapshot for the ia64 as of August 4
355 including the provided set of patches. It is however recommend
356 you use the October 24 toolchain snapshot or a more recent version.
358 OR alternatively you can try the following (the Cygnus toolchain is
359 the recommended solution):
361 * GCC and binutils, GAS and GNU LD out of CVS from
362 sources.redhat.com as of August 28, 2000 or later. The CVS tree
363 may require special patches to work properly on the ia64.
365 Configuring and compiling GNU Libc for Linux/ia64
366 =================================================
368 The library requires Linux kernel version 2.4.0-test4-000728 or
369 later to funtion properly. Besides that it support for debug libraries
370 is currently untested. Hence the following options
371 are required for configuring the library:
373 --disable-debug --enable-kernel=2.4.0
375 It is also important that you make sure the library picks up the
376 appropriate kernel header files, if you do not have recent enough
377 kernel headers in /usr/src/linux/include, you should use the
378 --with-headers=<path> option to specify the location.
380 As an example I personally use the following options to configure
385 --enable-kernel=2.4.0
389 --with-headers=/home/jes/linux/include
394 Jes Sorensen <jes@linuxcare.com>,
396 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
410 * New ISO C 9x function _Exit, imaxabs, and imaxdiv are added.
412 * New xdr functions are added; some rpc functions are now 64bit clean.
414 * Fixed a number of bugs and memory leaks (especially in NIS+ code).
416 * Fixed known incompatibilities with glibc 2.0.
418 * New functions lock64, strchrnul, rawmemchr, getutmp and getutmpx.
420 * Optimized a number of functions (especially the ELF dynamic loader).
422 * Update timezone data files.
424 * lots of charmaps corrections
426 * some new locale definitions and charmaps
431 * Richard Henderson corrected size of struct timeval on Linux/Alpha to
432 conform to POSIX member type requirements. Symbol versions have been
433 adjusted as needed within the library, and for direct use by applications,
434 but there is potential for problems if third-party libraries use
435 struct timeval as part of their interface. This does not present
436 a problem for X and other "essential" system libraries.
438 * An additional locale model to support C++ Standard Library locale
439 model and probably more was implemented by Ulrich Drepper.
441 * Eric Youngdale and Ulrich Drepper implemented versioning of objects on
444 * Miles Bader provided the `argp' function family to support hierachical
445 command line argument parsing, layered on top of getopt.
447 * strtod accepts new hexadecimal floating-point format from ISO C 9X.
449 * printf has two new specifiers %a and %A to print hexadecimal flaoting-point
452 * scanf recognizes the %a and %A format for scanning floating point numbers.
454 * the new headers <stdint.h> and <inttypes.h> from ISO C 9X provides
455 information and interfaces for the available integer types.
457 * about 130 new math functions were added to implement the ISO C9x math
460 * the new header <complex.h> contains definitions of the complex math
461 functions from ISO C 9X.
463 * the new header <tgmath.h> defines generic macros to use complex or
464 real valued functions.
466 * Thorsten Kukuk provided an implementation for NIS+, securelevel 0, 1 and 2.
468 * Andreas Jaeger provided a test suite for the math library.
470 * Mark Kettenis implemented the utmpx interface and an utmp daemon.
472 * Ulrich Drepper added character set conversion functions (iconv).
474 * Optimized string functions have been added.
476 * The localedata addon is now part of glibc.
478 * An implementation of profiling shared libraries was added by Ulrich Drepper.
480 * Thorsten Kukuk and Ulrich Drepper provided an implementation for a caching
481 daemon for NSS (nscd).
483 Missing a better place here are some numbers on improvements. Under
484 Linux 2.1.125 un-tar-ing the kernel sources takes
488 using local files 12.19s 6.88s 22.91s
490 using NIS 13.92s 8.91s 26.34s
492 using NIS & nscd 10.37s 7.34s 25.30s
494 using NIS+ 27.57s 30.37s 640.46s
496 using NIS+ & nscd 10.25s 7.83s 26.51s
498 using NIS & old nscd [1] 13.83s 8.32s 29.60s
500 Keep in mind that non-namelookup related operations dominate above times.
501 It was just a common complain that using NIS+ unpacking the kernel is
504 [1] The old nscd implementation is not available anymore since it was
505 distributed with glibc up to version 2.0.98 and thus is now replaced.
507 * Tim Waugh provided an implementation of the POSIX.2 wordexp function family.
509 * Mark Kettenis provided a Hesiod NSS module.
511 * The ELF dynamic loader knows how to process dynamic string tokens ($ORIGIN
512 and $PLATFORM) in RPATHs and similar strings (Ulrich Drepper).
514 * rcmd can now handle netgroups (Dick Streefland).
516 * A port to the ARM was contributed by Phil Blundell, Pat Beirne and Scott
519 * Support for the IPv6 protocol has been added to the socket API, as per the
520 latest draft standards.
522 * Support for Linux 2.2 has been added.
524 * Interface changes relative to the latest 2.0.x release:
525 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
526 addseverity NEW: Unix98
528 argp_err_exit_status NEW: argp, GNU ext
529 argp_error NEW: argp, GNU ext
530 argp_failure NEW: argp, GNU ext
531 argp_help NEW: argp, GNU ext
532 argp_parse NEW: argp, GNU ext
533 argp_program_bug_address NEW: argp, GNU ext
534 argp_program_version NEW: argp, GNU ext
535 argp_program_version_hook NEW: argp, GNU ext
536 argp_state_help NEW: argp, GNU ext
537 argp_usage NEW: argp, GNU ext
538 authdes_create NEW: Secure RPC
539 authdes_getucred NEW: Secure RPC
540 authdes_pk_create NEW: Secure RPC
541 backtrace NEW: GNU ext.
542 backtrace_symbols NEW: GNU ext.
543 backtrace_symbols_fd NEW: GNU ext.
547 cacoshf NEW: ISO C 9x
548 cacoshl NEW: ISO C 9x
558 casinhf NEW: ISO C 9x
559 casinhl NEW: ISO C 9x
564 catanhf NEW: ISO C 9x
565 catanhl NEW: ISO C 9x
567 cbc_crypt NEW: Secure RPC
580 clearerr_locked REMOVED
581 clntunix_create NEW: sunrpc ext
584 clog10f NEW: ISO C 9x
585 clog10l NEW: ISO C 9x
616 des_setparity NEW: Secure RPC
617 ecb_crypt NEW: Secure RPC
618 endutxent NEW: Unix98
630 feclearexcept NEW: ISO C 9x
631 fegetenv NEW: ISO C 9x
632 fegetexceptflag NEW: ISO C 9x
633 fegetround NEW: ISO C 9x
634 feholdexcept NEW: ISO C 9x
636 feraiseexcept NEW: ISO C 9x
637 ferror_locked REMOVED
638 fesetenv NEW: ISO C 9x
639 fesetexceptflag NEW: ISO C 9x
640 fesetround NEW: ISO C 9x
641 fetestexcept NEW: ISO C 9x
642 feupdateenv NEW: ISO C 9x
643 fflush_locked REMOVED
647 fgets_unlocked NEW: GNU ext.
648 fileno_locked REMOVED
661 fputs_unlocked NEW: GNU ext.
662 fread_unlocked NEW: GNU ext.
673 fwrite_unlocked NEW: GNU ext.
674 gai_strerror NEW: IPv6
678 getchar_locked REMOVED
680 getdate_err NEW: Unix98
681 getdate_r NEW: GNU ext.
683 getnameinfo NEW: IPv6
684 getnetname NEW: Secure RPC
686 getpt NEW: Unix98 PTY
688 getutxent NEW: Unix98
690 getutxline NEW: Unix98
692 globfree64 NEW: GNU ext.
693 gnu_get_libc_release NEW: GNU ext.
694 gnu_get_libc_version NEW: GNU ext.
695 grantpt NEW: Unix98 PTY
696 host2netname NEW: Secure RPC
698 iconv_close NEW: iconv
699 iconv_open NEW: iconv
700 if_freenameindex NEW: IPv6
701 if_indextoname NEW: IPv6
702 if_nameindex NEW: IPv6
703 if_nametoindex NEW: IPv6
704 in6addr_any NEW: IPv6
705 in6addr_loopback NEW: IPv6
706 inet6_isipv4mapped NEW: IPv6
707 isastream NEW: STREAMS
708 iswblank NEW: GNU ext.
709 key_decryptsession NEW: Secure RPC
710 key_decryptsession_pk NEW: Secure RPC
711 key_encryptsession NEW: Secure RPC
712 key_encryptsession_pk NEW: Secure RPC
713 key_gendes NEW: Secure RPC
714 key_get_conv NEW: Secure RPC
715 key_secretkey_is_set NEW: Secure RPC
716 key_setnet NEW: Secure RPC
717 key_setsecret NEW: Secure RPC
719 llrintf NEW: ISO C 9x
720 llrintl NEW: ISO C 9x
721 llround NEW: ISO C 9x
722 llroundf NEW: ISO C 9x
723 llroundl NEW: ISO C 9x
731 lroundf NEW: ISO C 9x
732 lroundl NEW: ISO C 9x
734 makecontext NEW: Unix98
735 mempcpy NEW: GNU ext.
738 modify_ldt NEW: kernel
742 nearbyint NEW: ISO C 9x
743 nearbyintf NEW: ISO C 9x
744 nearbyintl NEW: ISO C 9x
745 netname2host NEW: Secure RPC
746 netname2user NEW: Secure RPC
747 nexttoward NEW: ISO C 9x
748 nexttowardf NEW: ISO C 9x
749 nexttowardl NEW: ISO C 9x
753 passwd2des NEW: Secure RPC
759 printf_size NEW: GNU ext.
760 printf_size_info NEW: GNU ext.
761 profil_counter REMOVED
762 pthread_mutexattr_getkind_np REPLACED
763 pthread_mutexattr_setkind_np REPLACED
764 ptsname NEW: Unix98 PTY
765 ptsname_r NEW: Unix98 PTY
767 putchar_locked REMOVED
768 putgrent NEW: GNU ext.
771 pututxline NEW: Unix98
777 remquof NEW: ISO C 9x
778 remquol NEW: ISO C 9x
783 scalbln NEW: ISO C 9x
784 scalblnf NEW: ISO C 9x
785 scalblnl NEW: ISO C 9x
788 setcontext NEW: Unix98
790 setutxent NEW: Unix98
792 sigignore NEW: Unix98
793 sigqueue NEW: POSIX.1b
796 sigtimedwait NEW: POSIX.1b
797 sigwaitinfo NEW: POSIX.1b
799 sincosf NEW: GNU ext.
800 sincosl NEW: GNU ext.
804 strcasestr NEW: GNU ext.
805 strtoimax NEW: ISO C 9x
806 strtoumax NEW: ISO C 9x
807 strverscmp NEW: GNU ext.
808 svcauthdes_stats NEW: Secure RPC
809 svcunix_create NEW: sunrpc etx
810 svcunixfd_create NEW: sunrpc ext
811 swapcontext NEW: Unix98
812 tcgetsid NEW: Unix98 PTY
813 tdestroy NEW: GNU ext.
815 tgammaf NEW: ISO C 9x
816 tgammal NEW: ISO C 9x
823 unlockpt NEW: Unix98 PTY
825 user2netname NEW: Secure RPC
826 utmpxname NEW: Unix98
827 versionsort NEW: GNU ext.
828 versionsort64 NEW: GNU ext.
830 wcscasecmp NEW: GNU ext.
831 wcsncasecmp NEW: GNU ext.
832 wcsnlen NEW: GNU ext.
833 wcstoimax NEW: ISO C 9x
834 wcstoll NEW: ISO C 9x
835 wcstoull NEW: ISO C 9x
836 wcstoumax NEW: ISO C 9x
839 wordfree NEW: POSIX.2
840 write_profiling REMOVED
841 xdecrypt NEW: Secure RPC
842 xdr_authdes_cred NEW: Secure RPC
843 xdr_authdes_verf NEW: Secure RPC
844 xdr_cryptkeyarg NEW: Secure RPC
845 xdr_cryptkeyarg2 NEW: Secure RPC
846 xdr_cryptkeyres NEW: Secure RPC
847 xdr_getcredres NEW: Secure RPC
848 xdr_key_netstarg NEW: Secure RPC
849 xdr_key_netstres NEW: Secure RPC
850 xdr_keybuf NEW: Secure RPC
851 xdr_keystatus NEW: Secure RPC
852 xdr_netnamestr NEW: Secure RPC
853 xdr_sizeof NEW: Secure RPC
854 xdr_unixcred NEW: sunrpc ext
855 xencrypt NEW: Secure RPC
856 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
867 * inet_ntoa is thread-safe
869 * updwtmp is moved from libutil to libc
871 * rewrite of cbrt function
873 * update of timezone data
889 * fix complex problems in Berkeley DB code
895 * fixed lots of header problems (especially Linux/GNU specific)
897 * dynamic loader preserves all registers
899 * Roland McGrath provided support for handling of auxiliary objects in
900 the ELF dynamic loader.
902 * support for parallel builds is improved
906 * GNU extensions are no longer declared by default. To enable them you
907 must define the macro `_GNU_SOURCE' in your program or compile with
910 * The library has changed from using GNU ld symbol aliases to using weak
911 symbols where available. The ELF object file format supports weak
912 symbols; GNU ld also supports weak symbols in the a.out format. (There
913 is also now support for other GNU ld extensions in ELF. Use the
914 `--with-elf' option to configure to indicate you have ELF, and
915 `--with-gnu-ld' if using GNU ld.) This change resulted in the deletion
916 of many files which contained only symbol aliases, reducing the size of
917 the source and the compiled library; many other files were renamed to
918 less cryptic names previously occupied by the symbol alias files.
919 There is a new header file <elf.h> for programs which operate on
920 files in the ELF format.
922 * Converted to Autoconf version 2, so `configure' has more options.
923 Run `configure --help' to see the details.
925 * The library can now be configured to build profiling, highly-optimized
926 (but undebuggable), and/or shared libraries (ELF with GNU ld only). The
927 `--enable-profile', `--enable-omitfp', and `--enable-shared' options to
928 `configure' enable building these extra libraries. The shared library is
929 built by default when using both ELF and GNU ld. When shared libraries
930 are enabled, the new library `-ldl' is available for arbitrary run-time
931 loading of shared objects; its interface is defined in <dlfcn.h>. The
932 new header file <link.h> gives access to the internals of the run-time
933 dynamic linker, `ld.so'. The shell script `ldd' is similar to the
934 application of same name on other systems and it provides information
935 about dynamically linked binaries.
937 * The C library now provides the run-time support code for profiling
938 executables compiled with `-pg'. Programs can control the profiling code
939 through the interface in <sys/gmon.h>. The `gmon.out' files written by
940 the GNU C library can be read only by GNU `gprof' (from GNU binutils);
941 the support for this file format was contributed by David Mosberger-Tang.
943 * The math code has been replaced with a math library based on fdlibm from
944 Sun, and modified by JT Conklin and Ulrich Drepper with i387 support, by
945 Ian Taylor with `float' functions and by Ulrich Drepper with `long double'
946 functions. The math functions now reside in a separate library, so
947 programs using them will need to use `-lm' their linking commands.
949 * John C. Bowman contributed optimized ix87 assembler inline functions.
951 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed support for an `/etc/nsswitch.conf'
952 mechanism similar to that found in Solaris 2. This is now used for the
953 group, passwd, hosts, networks, services, protocols, rpc, ethers,
954 shadow, netgroup, publickey, and alias databases. The `nsswitch.conf'
955 file controls what services are used for each individual database. This
956 works by loading shared libraries with names specified in `nsswitch.conf',
957 so service modules can be changed or added at any time without even
958 relinking any program. Currently there are the file, db, and NIS based
959 NSS services available.
961 * The new functions `strtoq' and `strtouq' parse integer values from
962 strings, like `strtol' and `strtoul', but they return `long long int' and
963 `unsigned long long int' values, respectively (64-bit quantities).
965 * The new functions `strtof' and `strtold' parse floating-point values from
966 strings, like `strtod', but they return `float' and `long double' values,
967 respectively (on some machines `double' and `long double' are the same).
969 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed new implementations of the floating-point
970 printing and reading code used in the `printf' family of functions and
971 `strtod', `strtof', and `strtold'. These new functions are perfectly
972 accurate, and much faster than the old ones.
974 * The implementation of the POSIX locale model was completely rewritten by
975 Ulrich Drepper. This includes the new programs `localedef' and `locale'
976 to compile the POSIX locale definition.
978 * The former dummy implementations of the strcoll and strxfrm function are
979 now replaced by fully functional code contributed by Ulrich Drepper. The
980 collation information comes from the POSIX locale definitions.
982 * The new header <langinfo.h> defines an interface for accessing
983 various locale-dependent data (using the locale chosen with `setlocale').
985 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed a new suite of functions for operation on
986 wide-character and multibyte-character strings, in <wchar.h>;
987 and classification and case conversion of wide characters, in <wctype.h>.
988 These new functions are conforming to the ISO C, Amendement 1 specification.
990 * There is now a second implementation of the standard I/O library available.
991 It comes from GNU libg++ as was written by Per Bothner, heavily modified
992 by Hongjiu Lu and made thread safe by Ulrich Drepper.
994 * You can now use positional parameter specifications in format strings
995 for the `printf' and `scanf' families of functions. For example,
996 `printf ("Number %2$d, Mr %1$s\n", "Jones", 6);'' prints
997 ``Number 6, Mr Jones''. This is mainly useful when providing different
998 format strings for different languages, whose grammars may dictate
999 different orderings of the values being printed. To support this
1000 feature, the interface for `register_printf_handler' has changed; see
1001 the header file <printf.h> for details.
1003 * The `printf' and `scanf' families of functions now understand a new
1004 formatting flag for numeric conversions: the ' flag (e.g. %'d or %'f) says
1005 to group numbers as indicated by the locale; for `scanf' and friends, this
1006 says to accept as valid only a number with all the proper grouping
1007 separators in the right places. In the default "C" locale, numbers are
1008 not grouped; but locales for specific countries will define the usual
1009 conventions (i.e. separate thousands with `,' in the US locale).
1011 * The pgrp functions have been regularized, slightly incompatibly but much
1012 less confusingly. The core functions are now `getpgid' and `setpgid',
1013 which take arguments for the PID to operate on; the POSIX.1 `getpgrp' (no
1014 argument) and BSD `setpgrp' (identical to `setpgid') functions are
1015 provided for compatibility. There is no longer an incompatible `getpgrp'
1016 with an argument declared under _BSD_SOURCE; no BSD code uses it.
1018 * The new header file <fts.h> and suite of functions simplify programs that
1019 operate on directory trees. This code comes from 4.4 BSD.
1021 * The resolver code has been updated from the BIND 4.9.5-P1 release.
1022 Parts of the code were heavily modified by Ulrich Drepper to fit in the
1023 NSS scheme used in glibc.
1025 * There is a new malloc debugging hook `__memalign_hook'.
1027 * There are new typedefs `ushort' for `unsigned short int' and `uint' for
1028 `unsigned int' in <sys/types.h>. These are for compatibility only and
1029 their use is discouraged.
1031 * The `-lmcheck' library to enable standard malloc debugging hooks is now
1032 done differently, so that it works even without GNU ld.
1034 * New function `euidaccess' checks allowed access to a file like `access',
1035 but using the effective IDs instead of the real IDs.
1037 * The time zone data files have been updated for the latest and greatest
1038 local time conventions of the countries of the world.
1040 * The new function `dirfd' extracts the file descriptor used by a DIR stream;
1043 * The new functions `ecvt', `fcvt', and `gcvt' provide an obsolete interface
1044 for formatting floating-point numbers. They are provided only for
1045 compatibility; new programs should use `sprintf' instead. There are
1046 also equivalent function for the `long double' floating-point type and
1047 all functions also exist in a reentrant form.
1049 * The new auxiliary library `-lutil' from 4.4 BSD contains various
1050 functions for maintaining the login-record files (primarily of use to
1051 system programs such as `login'), and convenient functions for
1052 allocating and initializing a pseudo-terminal (pty) device.
1054 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed new support for System V style
1055 shared memory and IPC on systems that support it.
1057 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed several miscellaneous new functions found
1058 in System V: The `hsearch' family of functions provide an effective
1059 implementation of hash tables; `a64l' and `l64a' provide a very simple
1060 binary to ASCII mapping; `drand48' and friends provide a 48-bit random
1063 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed new reentrant counterparts for the
1064 `random' and `hsearch' families of functions; `random_r', `hsearch_r', etc.
1066 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed new, highly-optimized versions of several
1067 string functions for the i486/Pentium family of processors.
1069 * Ulrich Drepper has updated the Linux-specific code, based largely
1070 on work done in Hongjiu Lu's version of GNU libc for Linux.
1071 The GNU library now supports Linux versions 2.0.10 and later,
1072 using the ELF object file format (i[3456]86-*-linux).
1074 * Andreas Schwab has ported the C library to Linux/m68k (m68k-*-linux).
1076 * David Mosberger-Tang and Richard Henderson have ported the C library
1077 to Linux/Alpha (alpha-*-linux). Richard Henderson contributed the
1078 dynamic linking support for ELF/Alpha.
1080 * Richard Henderson contributed several Alpha optimized assembler function
1081 for arithmetic and string handling.
1083 * Ulrich Drepper has contributed a new set of message catalog functions to
1084 support multiple languages using the <libintl.h> interface, for use with
1085 his new package GNU gettext. Translation volunteers have contributed
1086 catalogs of the library's messages in Spanish, German, and Korean.
1088 * For compatibility with XPG4, Ulrich Drepper has contributed the `gencat'
1089 program and the `catgets' function for reading the catalog files it
1090 creates. (The <libintl.h> interface is preferred; we include the
1091 <nl_types.h> interface using `catgets' only for source compatibility with
1092 programs already written to use it.)
1094 * New header file <values.h> gives SVID-compatible names for <limits.h>
1097 * Various new macros, declarations, and small header files for compatibility
1100 * New function `group_member' is a convenient way to check if a process has
1101 a given effective group ID.
1103 * When using GCC 2.7 and later, the socket functions are now declared in a
1104 special way so that passing an argument of type `struct sockaddr_in *',
1105 `struct sockaddr_ns *', or `struct sockaddr_un *' instead of the generic
1106 `struct sockaddr *' type, does not generate a type-clash warning.
1108 * New function `error' declared in header file <error.h> is a convenient
1109 function for printing error messages and optionally exiting; this is the
1110 canonical function used in GNU programs. The new functions `err', `warn',
1111 and friends in header file <err.h> are the canonical 4.4 BSD interface for
1112 doing the same thing.
1114 * The <glob.h> interface has several new flags from 4.4 BSD that extend the
1115 POSIX.2 `glob' function to do ~ and {...} expansion.
1117 * New function `unsetenv' complements `setenv' for compatibility with 4.4 BSD.
1118 `clearenv' which is used in POSIX.9 is also available.
1120 * New function `getsid' returns session ID number on systems that support it.
1122 * We have incorporated the 4.4 BSD `db' library (version 1.85). New header
1123 files <db.h> and <mpool.h> provide a rich set of functions for several
1124 types of simple databases stored in memory and in files, and <ndbm.h> is
1125 an old `ndbm'-compatible interface using the `db' functions. Link with
1126 `-ldb' to get these functions.
1128 * New macro `strdupa' copies a string like `strdup', but uses local stack
1129 space from `alloca' instead of dynamic heap space from `malloc'.
1131 * New function `strnlen' is like `strlen' but searches only a given maximum
1132 number of characters for the null terminator. `stpncpy', `strndup' and
1133 `strndupa' are similar variants for the `stpcpy', `strdup' and `strdupa'
1136 * New function `statfs' in header <sys/statfs.h>.
1138 * The new <argz.h> and <envz.h> interfaces contributed by Miles Bader
1139 provide convenient functions for operating on blocks of null-terminated
1142 * A new suite of functions in <utmp.h> handle all the details of reading
1143 and writing the utmp file.
1145 * An implementation of the NIS/YP(tm) based NSS service was contributed by
1148 * Paul Eggert and Ulrich Drepper modified the `strftime' function to be
1149 completely POSIX compliant and also implemented the extended functionality
1150 to handle alternate digit representation and alternate era date formats.
1152 * Ulrich Drepper provided an implementation of the `strptime' function
1153 defined in XPG4.2 which transforms a string into a `struct tm' value.
1155 * Paul Eggert provided the tzselect shell script as part of the timezone
1156 code. The shell script makes it easy to select the correct timezone
1159 * The implementation of the malloc family of functions is completely replaced
1160 by a new implementation by Doug Lea with many improvements by Wolfram Gloger.
1161 The implementation uses the mmap function (if available) and it is
1162 optimized for the use in multi threaded programs.
1164 * Ulrich Drepper contributed a MD5 "encryption" for the crypt family of
1165 functions. This new functionality is usable by specifying a special
1166 salt string and it is compatible with implementation on *BSD systems.
1168 * Lots of functions from the XPG4.2 standard were added by Ulrich Drepper:
1169 `getsubopt' to handle second level command line options, `bsd_signal'
1170 to access BSD style `signal' functionality, the obsolete `regexp' style
1173 * the `lchown' function is available on system which support this
1176 * The implementation of the shadow password handling function was contributed
1179 * David Mosberger-Tang changed the SunRPC implementation to be 64bit safe.
1181 * POSIX.1g support was added. The <sys/select.h> header is available,
1182 `isfdtype' and `pselect' are implemented. Craig Metz contributed an
1183 implementation of `getaddrinfo'.
1187 * For cross-compilation you should now set `BUILD_CC' instead of `HOST_CC'.
1189 * New header file <fstab.h> and new functions `getfsspec', `getfsent' and
1190 friends, for parsing /etc/fstab. This code comes from 4.4 BSD.
1192 * The new function `daemon' from 4.4 BSD is useful for server programs that
1193 want to put themselves in the background.
1195 * Joel Sherrill has contributed support for several standalone boards that
1196 run without an operating system.
1198 * `printf', `scanf' and friends now accept a `q' type modifier for long
1199 long int as well as `ll'. Formats using these might be `%qu' or `%lld'.
1201 * All of the code taken from BSD (notably most of the math and networking
1202 routines) has been updated from the BSD 4.4-Lite release.
1204 * The resolver code has been updated from the BIND-4.9.3-BETA9 release.
1206 * The new functions `getdomainname' and `setdomainname' fetch or change the
1207 YP/NIS domain name. These are system calls which exist on systems which
1210 * The time zone data files have been updated for the latest international
1213 * The SunRPC programs `portmap' and `rpcinfo' are now installed in
1214 $(sbindir) (usually /usr/local/sbin) instead of $(bindir).
1218 * The C library now includes support for Sun RPC, from Sun's free
1219 RPCSRC-4.0 distribution. The `portmap', `rpcinfo', and `rpcgen' programs
1220 are included. (There is still no support for YP.)
1222 * Tom Quinn has contributed a port of the C library to SGI machines running
1223 Irix 4 (mips-sgi-irix4).
1225 * The new `lockf' function is a simplified interface to the locking
1226 facilities of `fcntl', included for compatibility.
1228 * New time functions `timegm', `timelocal', and `dysize' for compatibility.
1230 * New header file <sys/timeb.h> and new function `ftime' for compatibility.
1232 * New header files <poll.h> and <sys/poll.h> and new function `poll' for
1235 * The error message printed by `assert' for a failed assertion now includes
1236 the name of the program (if using GNU ld) and the name of the calling
1237 function (with versions of GCC that support this).
1239 * The `psignal' function is now declared in <signal.h>, not <stdio.h>.
1241 * The library now includes the <sys/mman.h> header file and memory
1242 management functions `mmap', `munmap', `mprotect', `msync', and
1243 `madvise', on systems that support those facilities.
1245 * The interface for `mcheck' has changed slightly: the function called to
1246 abort the program when an allocation inconsistency is detected now takes
1247 an argument that indicates the type of failure. The new function
1248 `mprobe' lets you request a consistency check for a particular block at
1249 any time (checks are normally done only when you call `free' or `realloc'
1252 * It is now possible to easily cross-compile the C library, building on one
1253 system a library to run on another machine and/or operating system. All
1254 you need to do is set the variable `HOST_CC' in `configparms' to the
1255 native compiler for programs to run on the machine you are building on (a
1256 few generator programs are used on Unix systems); set `CC' to the
1259 * The new function `fexecve' (only implemented on the GNU system) executes
1260 a program file given a file descriptor already open on the file.
1264 * Brendan Kehoe has contributed most of a port to the DEC Alpha
1265 running OSF/1 (alpha-dec-osf1). He says it is 75% complete.
1267 * You can set the variable `libprefix' in `configparms' to specify a prefix
1268 to be prepended to installed library files; this makes it easy to install
1269 the GNU C library to be linked as `-lgnuc' or whatever.
1271 * The new `stpncpy' is a cross between `stpcpy' and `strncpy': It
1272 copies a limited number of characters from a string, and returns the
1273 address of the last character written.
1275 * You no longer need to check for whether the installed `stddef.h' is
1276 compatible with the GNU C library. configure now checks for you.
1278 * You can now define a per-stream `fileno' function to convert the
1279 stream's cookie into an integral file descriptor.
1281 * ``malloc (0)'' no longer returns a null pointer. Instead, it
1282 allocates zero bytes of storage, and returns a unique pointer which
1283 you can pass to `realloc' or `free'. The behavior is undefined if
1284 you dereference this pointer.
1286 * The C library now runs on Sony NEWS m68k machines running either
1287 NewsOS 3 or NewsOS 4.
1289 * The new `syscall' function is a system-dependent primitive function
1290 for invoking system calls. It has the canonical behavior on Unix
1291 systems, including unreliable return values for some calls (such as
1292 `pipe', `fork' and `getppid').
1294 * The error code `EWOULDBLOCK' is now obsolete; it is always defined
1295 to `EAGAIN', which is the preferred name. On systems whose kernels
1296 use two distinct codes, the C library now translates EWOULDBLOCK to
1297 EAGAIN in every system call function.
1301 * The GNU C Library Reference Manual is now distributed with the library.
1302 `make dvi' will produce a DVI file of the printed manual.
1303 `make info' will produce Info files that you can read on line using C-h i
1304 in Emacs or the `info' program.
1305 Please send comments on the manual to bug-glibc-manual@gnu.org.
1307 * The library now supports SVR4 on i386s (i386-unknown-sysv4).
1309 * Brendan Kehoe has contributed a port to Sun SPARCs running Solaris 2.
1311 * Jason Merrill has contributed a port to the Sequent Symmetry running
1312 Dynix version 3 (i386-sequent-dynix).
1314 * The library has been ported to i386s running SCO 3.2.4 (also known as SCO
1315 ODT 2.0; i386-unknown-sco3.2.4) or SCO 3.2 (i386-unknown-sco3.2).
1317 * New function `memory_warnings' lets you arrange to get warnings when
1318 malloc is running out of memory to allocate, like Emacs gives you.
1320 * The C library now contains the relocating allocator used in Emacs 19 for
1321 its editing buffers. This allocator (ralloc) minimizes allocation
1322 overhead and fragmentation by moving allocated regions around whenever it
1323 needs to. You always refer to a ralloc'd region with a "handle" (a
1324 pointer to a pointer--an object of type `void **').
1326 * There is a new `printf' format: `%m' gives you the string corresponding
1327 to the error code in `errno'.
1329 * In `scanf' formats, you can now use `%as' or `%a[' to do the normal `%s'
1330 or `%[' conversion, but instead of filling in a fixed-sized buffer you
1331 pass, the `a' modifier says to fill in a `char **' you pass with a
1334 * The `fnmatch' function supports the new flag bits `FNM_LEADING_DIR' and
1335 `FNM_CASEFOLD'. `FNM_LEADING_DIR' lets a pattern like `foo*' match a
1336 name like `foo/bar'. `FNM_CASEFOLD' says to ignore case in matching.
1338 * `mkstemp' is a traditional Unix function to atomically create and open a
1339 uniquely-named temporary file.
1343 * The standard location for the file that says what the local timezone is
1344 has changed again. It is now `/usr/local/etc/localtime' (or more
1345 precisely, `${prefix}/etc/localtime') rather than `/etc/localtime'.
1347 * The distribution no longer contains any files with names longer than 14
1350 * `struct ttyent' has two new flag bits: TTY_TRUSTED and TTY_CONSOLE.
1351 These are set by the new `trusted' and `console' keywords in `/etc/ttys'.
1353 * New functions `ttyslot' and `syslog' from 4.4 BSD.
1357 * The configuration process has changed quite a bit. The `configure'
1358 script is now used just like the configuration scripts for other GNU
1359 packages. The `sysdeps' directory hierarchy is much rearranged.
1360 The file `INSTALL' explains the new scheme in detail.
1362 * The header files no longer need to be processed into ANSI C and
1363 traditional C versions. There is just one set of files to install, and
1364 it will work with ANSI or old C compilers (including `gcc -traditional').
1366 * Brendan Kehoe and Ian Lance Taylor have ported the library to the
1367 MIPS DECStation running Ultrix 4.
1369 * The Sun 4 startup code (crt0) can now properly load SunOS 4 shared libraries.
1370 Tom Quinn contributed the initial code. The GNU C library can NOT yet be
1371 made itself into a shared library.
1373 * Yet further improved support for the i386, running 4.3 BSD-like systems
1374 (such as Mach 3 with the Unix single-server), or System V.
1376 * New function `strncasecmp' to do case-insensitive string comparison
1377 with limited length.
1379 * New function `strsep' is a reentrant alternative to `strtok'.
1381 * New functions `scandir' and `alphasort' for searching directories.
1383 * New function `setenv' is a better interface to `putenv'.
1385 * Ian Lance Taylor has contributed an implementation of the SVID `ftw'
1386 function for traversing a directory tree.
1388 * The GNU obstack package is now also part of the C library.
1389 The new function `open_obstack_stream' creates a stdio stream that
1390 writes onto an obstack; `obstack_printf' and `obstack_vprintf' do
1391 formatted output directly to an obstack.
1393 * Miscellaneous new functions: reboot, nice, sigaltstack (4.4 BSD only),
1394 cfmakeraw, getusershell, getpass, swab, getttyent, seteuid, setegid.
1396 * `FNM_FILE_NAME' is another name for `FNM_PATHNAME', used with `fnmatch'.
1398 * The new functions `strfry' and `memfrob' do mysterious and wonderful
1399 things to your strings.
1401 * There are some new test programs: test-fseek, testmb, and testrand.
1403 * Some work has been done to begin porting the library to 4.4 BSD and Linux.
1404 These ports are not finished, but are a good starting place for really
1405 supporting those systems.
1407 * `/etc/localtime' is now the standard location for the file that says what
1408 the local timezone is, rather than `/usr/local/lib/zoneinfo/localtime'.
1409 This follows the general principle that `/etc' is the place for all local
1410 configuration files.
1412 * The C library header files now use `extern "C"' when used by the C++
1413 compiler, so the C library should now work with C++ code.
1415 * The header file <bstring.h> is gone. <string.h> now declares bcopy,
1416 bcmp, bzero, and ffs. (Update: nowadays these functions are declared
1419 * Mike Haertel (of GNU e?grep and malloc fame) has written a new sorting
1420 function which uses the `merge sort' algorithm, and is said to be
1421 significantly faster than the old GNU `qsort' function. Merge sort is
1422 now the standard `qsort' function. The new algorithm can require a lot
1423 of temporary storage; so, the old sorting function is called when the
1424 required storage is not available.
1426 * The C library now includes Michael Glad's Ultra Fast Crypt, which
1427 provides the Unix `crypt' function, plus some other entry points.
1429 * The code and header files taken from 4.4 BSD have been updated with the
1430 latest files released from Berkeley.
1432 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1433 Copyright information:
1435 Copyright (C) 1992-1999,2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
1437 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
1438 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
1439 copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved,
1440 thus giving the recipient permission to redistribute in turn.
1442 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
1443 of this document, or of portions of it,
1444 under the above conditions, provided also that they
1445 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them.
1448 version-control: never