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1 # @(#)asia 8.18
2 # <pre>
4 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
9 #
10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
13 #
14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
19 #
20 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
28 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
29 #
30 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
31 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
32 # Corrections are welcome!
33 # std dst
34 # LMT Local Mean Time
35 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
36 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
37 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
38 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
39 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
40 # 5:30 IST India
41 # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
42 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
43 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
44 # 8:00 CST China
45 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
46 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
47 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
48 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
49 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
50 #
51 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
53 # From Guy Harris:
54 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
55 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
56 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
57 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
59 ###############################################################################
61 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
62 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
63 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
64 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
65 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
67 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
68 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
69 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
79 # Afghanistan
80 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
81 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
82 4:00 - AFT 1945
83 4:30 - AFT
85 # Armenia
86 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
87 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
88 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
89 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
90 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
91 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
92 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
93 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
94 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
95 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
96 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
97 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
98 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
99 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
100 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
101 4:00 - AMT 1997
102 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
104 # Azerbaijan
105 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
106 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
107 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
109 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
110 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
111 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
112 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
113 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
114 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
115 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
116 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
117 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
118 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
119 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
121 # Bahrain
122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
124 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
125 3:00 - AST
127 # Bangladesh
128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
130 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
131 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
132 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
133 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
134 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
135 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
137 # Bhutan
138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
139 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
140 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
141 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
143 # British Indian Ocean Territory
144 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
145 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
146 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
147 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
148 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
151 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
152 6:00 - IOT
154 # Brunei
155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
157 7:30 - BNT 1933
158 8:00 - BNT
160 # Burma / Myanmar
161 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
162 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
163 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
164 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
165 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
166 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
168 # Cambodia
169 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
170 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
171 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
172 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
173 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
174 7:00 - ICT
176 # China
178 # From Guy Harris:
179 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
181 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
182 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
183 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
184 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
185 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
186 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
187 #
188 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
189 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
190 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
191 #
192 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
193 # 1987 mid-April - ??
195 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
196 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
197 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
199 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
200 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
201 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
202 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
203 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
204 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
205 # pre-1980 time zones.
207 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
208 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
209 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
210 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
211 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
212 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
213 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
214 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
216 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
217 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
218 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
219 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
220 #
221 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
222 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
223 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
224 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
225 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
226 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
227 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
228 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
229 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
230 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
233 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
234 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
235 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
236 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
237 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
238 8:00 - CST 1940
239 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
240 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
241 8:00 PRC C%sT
242 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
243 # most of China
244 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
245 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
246 8:00 PRC C%sT
247 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
248 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
249 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
250 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
251 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
252 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
253 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
254 8:00 PRC C%sT
255 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
256 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
257 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
258 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
259 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
260 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
261 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
262 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
263 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
264 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
265 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
266 8:00 PRC C%sT
267 # Kunlun Time
268 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
269 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
270 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
271 # and Yarkand.
272 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
273 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
274 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
275 8:00 PRC C%sT
277 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
278 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
279 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
280 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
281 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
282 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
283 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
284 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
285 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
286 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
287 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
288 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
289 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
290 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
291 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
292 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
293 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
294 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
295 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
296 8:00 HK HK%sT
299 ###############################################################################
301 # Taiwan
303 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
304 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
305 # have any other information.
307 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
308 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
309 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
310 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
311 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
312 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
313 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
314 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
315 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
316 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
317 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
318 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
319 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
320 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
321 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
323 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
324 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
325 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
326 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
327 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
328 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
329 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
330 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
331 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
332 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
333 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
334 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
335 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
336 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
337 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
338 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
339 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
340 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
341 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
342 8:00 PRC C%sT
345 ###############################################################################
347 # Cyprus
348 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
349 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
350 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
351 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
352 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
353 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
354 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
355 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
356 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
357 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
358 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
359 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
360 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
361 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
362 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
364 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
365 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
366 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
368 # Georgia
369 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
370 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
371 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
372 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
373 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
374 #
375 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
376 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
377 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
378 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
379 #
380 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
381 #
382 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
383 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
384 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
385 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
386 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
387 # of integration into Europe.
389 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
390 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
391 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
392 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
393 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
394 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
395 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
396 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
397 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
400 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
401 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
402 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
403 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
404 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
405 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
406 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
407 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
408 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
409 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
410 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
411 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
412 4:00 - GET
414 # East Timor
416 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
418 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
419 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
420 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
421 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
422 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
423 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
424 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
425 # conflicts with their way of life.
427 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
428 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
429 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
431 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
432 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
433 # (2000-08-16)</a>:
434 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
435 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
436 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
437 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
439 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
440 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
441 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
442 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
443 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
444 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
445 9:00 - TLT
447 # India
448 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
449 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
450 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
451 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
452 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
453 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
454 5:30 - IST
455 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
456 # Andaman Is
457 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
458 # Nicobar Is
460 # Indonesia
461 #
462 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
463 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
464 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
465 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
466 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
467 #
468 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
469 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
470 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
471 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
472 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
473 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
474 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
475 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
476 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
477 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
478 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
479 # switched on 1945-09-23.
480 #
481 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
482 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
483 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
484 # but this must be a typo.
485 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
486 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
487 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
488 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
489 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
490 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
491 7:30 - WIT 1964
492 7:00 - WIT
493 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
494 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
495 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
496 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
497 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
498 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
499 7:30 - WIT 1964
500 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
501 7:00 - WIT
502 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
503 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
504 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
505 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
506 8:00 - CIT
507 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
508 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
509 9:30 - CST 1964
510 9:00 - EIT
512 # Iran
514 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
515 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
516 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
517 #
518 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
519 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
520 #
521 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
522 #
523 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
524 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
525 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
526 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
527 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
528 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
529 #
530 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
531 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
532 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
533 # Shahrivar.
534 #
535 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
536 #
537 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
538 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
539 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
540 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
541 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
542 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
543 #
544 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
545 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
546 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
547 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
548 # plan to change that law....
549 #
550 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
551 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
552 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
553 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
554 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
555 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
556 #
557 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
558 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
559 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
560 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
561 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
562 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
563 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
564 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
565 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
566 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
567 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
568 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
569 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
570 #
571 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
572 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
573 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
574 #
575 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
576 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
577 # daylight saving time ...
578 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
579 #
580 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
581 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
582 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
583 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
584 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
585 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
586 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
587 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
588 #
589 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
590 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
591 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
592 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
593 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
594 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
595 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
596 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
597 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
598 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
599 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
600 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
601 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
602 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
603 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
604 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
605 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
606 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
607 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
608 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
609 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
610 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
611 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
612 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
613 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
614 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
615 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
616 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
617 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
618 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
619 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
620 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
621 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
622 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
623 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
624 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
625 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
626 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
627 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
628 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
629 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
630 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
631 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
632 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
633 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
634 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
635 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
636 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
637 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
638 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
639 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
640 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
641 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
642 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
643 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
644 3:30 Iran IR%sT
647 # Iraq
648 #
649 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
650 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
651 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
652 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
653 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
654 #
655 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
656 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
657 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
658 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
659 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
660 #
661 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
663 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
664 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
665 # news sources (in Arabic):
666 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
667 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
668 # </a>
669 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
670 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
671 # </a>
672 #
673 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
674 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
675 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
676 # </a>
678 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
679 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
680 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
681 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
682 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
683 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
684 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
685 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
686 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
687 #
688 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
689 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
690 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
691 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
692 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
693 3:00 - AST 1982 May
694 3:00 Iraq A%sT
697 ###############################################################################
699 # Israel
701 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
702 #
703 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
704 # different abbreviations in use:
705 #
706 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
707 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
708 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
709 #
710 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
711 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
712 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
713 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
714 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
715 # settings in Israeli computers.
716 #
717 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
718 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
719 # family is from India).
721 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
722 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
723 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
724 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
725 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
726 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
727 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
728 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
729 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
730 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
731 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
732 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
733 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
734 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
735 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
736 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
737 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
738 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
739 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
740 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
741 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
742 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
743 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
744 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
745 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
746 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
747 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
748 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
749 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
750 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
751 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
753 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
754 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
755 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
756 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
757 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
758 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
759 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
760 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
761 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
762 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
764 # From Ephraim Silverberg
765 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
766 # and 2005-02-17):
768 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
769 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
770 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
771 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
772 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
773 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
774 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
775 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
776 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
777 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
778 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
779 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
780 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
781 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
782 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
783 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
784 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
785 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
786 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
787 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
788 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
789 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
791 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
792 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
793 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
794 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
795 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
796 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
797 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
798 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
799 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
800 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
801 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
803 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
804 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
805 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
807 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
808 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
809 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
810 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
811 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
813 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
814 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
815 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
816 #
817 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
818 #
819 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
820 #
821 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
822 #
823 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
824 #
825 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
827 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
828 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
829 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
830 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
831 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
832 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
833 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
834 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
835 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
837 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
838 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
839 # years 2001-2004 as well.
840 #
841 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
842 #
843 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
844 #
845 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
846 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
847 #
848 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
850 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
851 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
852 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
853 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
854 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
855 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
856 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
857 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
858 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
859 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
860 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
862 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
863 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
864 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
865 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
866 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
867 #
868 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
869 #
870 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
872 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
873 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
874 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
875 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
876 # to generate the transitions in this list.
877 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
878 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
879 #
880 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
881 #
882 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
883 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
884 # springtime transitions explicitly.
886 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
887 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
888 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
889 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
890 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
891 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
892 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
893 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
894 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
895 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
896 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
897 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
898 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
899 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
900 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
901 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
902 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
903 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
904 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
905 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
906 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
907 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
908 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
909 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
910 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
911 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
912 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
913 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
914 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
915 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
916 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
917 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
918 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
919 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
920 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
921 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
922 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
923 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
924 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
925 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
926 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
927 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
928 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
929 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
931 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
932 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
933 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
934 2:00 Zion I%sT
938 ###############################################################################
940 # Japan
942 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
944 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
945 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
946 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
947 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
949 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
950 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
951 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
952 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
953 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
954 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
955 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
956 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
957 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
958 # wanted to keep it.)
960 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
961 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
962 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
963 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
964 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
965 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
966 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
967 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
968 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
969 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
970 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
972 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
973 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
974 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
975 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
976 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
977 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
978 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
980 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
981 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
982 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
983 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
984 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
985 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
986 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
987 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
988 # standard....
989 #
990 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
991 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
993 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
994 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
995 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
997 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
998 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
999 9:00 - JST 1896
1000 9:00 - CJT 1938
1001 9:00 Japan J%sT
1002 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1004 # Jordan
1005 #
1006 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1007 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1008 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1009 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1010 # all year round.
1011 #
1012 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1013 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1014 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1015 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1016 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1017 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1018 #
1019 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1020 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1021 #
1022 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1023 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1024 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1025 #
1026 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1027 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1028 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1029 #
1030 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1031 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1032 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1033 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1034 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1035 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1036 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1037 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1038 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1039 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1040 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1041 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1042 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1043 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1044 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1045 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1046 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1047 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1048 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1049 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1050 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1051 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1052 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
1053 Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1054 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1055 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1056 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1057 Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1058 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1059 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1060 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1063 # Kazakhstan
1065 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1066 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1067 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1068 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1069 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1070 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1072 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1073 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1074 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1075 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1076 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1077 #
1078 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1079 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1080 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1082 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1083 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1084 # </a>
1085 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1086 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1087 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1088 #
1089 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1090 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1091 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1092 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1093 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1094 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1095 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1096 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1097 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1099 #
1100 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1101 #
1102 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1103 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1104 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1105 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1106 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1107 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1108 6:00 - ALMT
1109 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1110 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1111 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1112 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1113 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1114 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1115 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1116 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1117 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1118 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1119 6:00 - QYZT
1120 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1121 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1122 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1123 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1124 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1125 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1126 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1127 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1128 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1129 5:00 - AQTT
1130 # Mangghystau
1131 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1132 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1133 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1134 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1135 5:00 - FORT 1963
1136 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1137 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1138 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1139 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1140 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1141 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1142 5:00 - AQTT
1143 # West Kazakhstan
1144 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1145 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1146 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1147 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1148 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1149 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1150 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1151 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1152 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1153 5:00 - ORAT
1155 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1156 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1158 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1159 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1160 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1161 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1162 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1163 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1164 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1165 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1167 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1168 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1169 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1170 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1171 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1172 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1173 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1174 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1175 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1176 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1177 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1178 6:00 - KGT
1180 ###############################################################################
1182 # Korea (North and South)
1184 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1185 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1186 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1187 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1188 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1189 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1191 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1192 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1193 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1194 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1195 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1196 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1198 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1199 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1200 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1201 9:00 - KST 1928
1202 8:30 - KST 1932
1203 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1204 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1205 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1206 9:00 ROK K%sT
1207 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1208 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1209 9:00 - KST 1928
1210 8:30 - KST 1932
1211 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1212 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1213 9:00 - KST
1215 ###############################################################################
1217 # Kuwait
1218 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1219 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1220 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1221 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1222 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1223 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1224 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1225 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1226 # so for now we assume no DST.
1227 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1228 3:00 - AST
1230 # Laos
1231 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1232 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1233 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1234 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1235 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1236 7:00 - ICT
1238 # Lebanon
1239 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1240 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1241 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1242 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1243 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1244 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1245 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1246 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1247 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1248 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1249 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1250 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1251 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1252 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1253 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1254 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1255 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1256 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1257 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1258 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1259 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1260 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1261 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1262 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1263 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1264 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1265 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1266 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1268 # Malaysia
1269 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1270 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1271 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1272 #
1273 # peninsular Malaysia
1274 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1275 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1276 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1277 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1278 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1279 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1280 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1281 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1282 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1283 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1284 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1285 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1286 # Sabah & Sarawak
1287 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1288 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1289 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1290 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1291 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1292 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1293 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1294 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1295 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1296 8:00 - MYT
1298 # Maldives
1299 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1300 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1301 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1302 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1304 # Mongolia
1306 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1307 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1308 # both say that it has just one.
1310 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1311 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1312 # General Information Mongolia
1313 # </a> (1999-09)
1314 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1315 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1316 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1317 # eight hours."
1319 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1320 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1321 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1322 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1323 # of implementation may have been different....
1324 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1325 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1326 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1328 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1329 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1330 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1331 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1332 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1333 # is good enough for our purposes.
1335 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1336 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1337 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1338 # there are three time zones.
1339 #
1340 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1341 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1342 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1343 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1344 #
1345 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1347 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1348 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1349 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1350 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1351 #
1352 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1353 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1354 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1356 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1357 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1358 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1359 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1360 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1361 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1362 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1363 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1364 # He also found
1365 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1366 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1367 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1368 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1369 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1370 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1371 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1372 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1374 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1375 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1376 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1377 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1379 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1380 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1381 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1382 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1383 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1384 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1385 #
1386 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1387 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1388 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1389 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1390 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1391 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1393 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1394 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1395 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1396 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1397 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1398 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1400 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1401 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1402 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1403 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1404 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1405 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1406 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1407 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1408 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1409 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1410 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1411 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1412 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1413 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1414 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time
1416 # Nepal
1417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1418 Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1419 5:30 - IST 1986
1420 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1422 # Oman
1423 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1424 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1425 4:00 - GST
1427 # Pakistan
1429 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1430 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1431 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1432 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1433 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1434 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1436 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1437 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1438 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1439 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1440 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1441 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1442 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1443 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1444 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1445 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1446 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1448 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1449 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1450 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1452 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1453 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1454 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1455 #
1456 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1457 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1458 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1459 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1460 #
1461 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1462 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1465 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1466 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1467 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1468 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1469 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1470 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1471 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1472 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1473 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1474 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1476 # Palestine
1478 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1479 #
1480 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1481 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1482 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1483 #
1484 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1485 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1486 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1487 # though.
1488 #
1489 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1490 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1491 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1492 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1493 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1494 # East Jerusalem.
1495 #
1496 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1497 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1498 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1499 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1500 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1501 #
1502 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1503 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1504 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1505 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1506 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1507 # Jordanian one).
1508 #
1509 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1510 #
1511 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1512 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1513 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1514 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1515 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1516 #
1517 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1518 # have one).
1520 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1521 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1522 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1523 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1524 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1525 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1526 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1527 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1528 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1529 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1530 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1532 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1533 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1534 #
1535 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1536 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1537 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1538 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1540 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1541 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1542 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1543 # Holiday havoc
1544 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1545 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1546 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1547 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1548 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1550 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1551 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1553 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1554 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1555 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1556 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1557 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1559 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
1560 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
1561 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
1562 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
1563 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
1564 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
1565 # the West Bank.
1567 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
1568 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
1569 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
1570 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
1571 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
1572 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
1573 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
1574 # because of the Ramadan.
1576 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
1577 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
1578 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
1580 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
1581 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
1582 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
1583 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
1584 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
1585 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
1587 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1588 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1589 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1590 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1591 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1592 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1593 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1594 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1596 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1597 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1598 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1599 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1600 Rule Palestine 2006 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1601 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1602 Rule Palestine 2007 max - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
1604 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1605 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1606 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1607 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1608 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
1609 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1610 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1612 # Paracel Is
1613 # no information
1615 # Philippines
1616 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1617 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1618 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1619 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1620 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1622 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1623 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
1624 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
1625 # rainy season begins. See
1626 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
1627 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
1628 #
1629 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
1630 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
1631 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
1632 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
1633 # but no details]
1635 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1636 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1637 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1638 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1639 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1640 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1641 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1642 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1643 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1644 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1645 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1646 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
1647 8:00 Phil PH%sT
1649 # Qatar
1650 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1651 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1652 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
1653 3:00 - AST
1655 # Saudi Arabia
1656 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1657 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1658 3:00 - AST
1660 # Singapore
1661 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1662 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1663 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1664 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1665 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1666 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1667 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1668 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1669 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1670 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1671 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1672 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
1673 8:00 - SGT
1675 # Spratly Is
1676 # no information
1678 # Sri Lanka
1679 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1680 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1681 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1682 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1683 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1684 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1685 #
1686 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1687 # by Shamindra in
1688 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1689 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1690 # </a>:
1691 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1692 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1694 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
1695 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
1696 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
1697 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
1699 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
1700 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
1701 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
1702 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
1703 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
1704 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
1705 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
1706 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
1708 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
1709 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
1710 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
1711 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
1712 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
1713 #
1714 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
1715 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
1716 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
1717 #
1718 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
1719 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
1720 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
1721 # item....
1722 #
1723 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
1724 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
1725 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
1726 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
1727 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
1728 #
1729 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
1730 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
1731 # all computers.
1733 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1734 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
1735 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
1737 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1738 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1739 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1740 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1741 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1742 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1743 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1744 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1745 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
1746 5:30 - IST
1748 # Syria
1749 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1750 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1751 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1752 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1753 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1754 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1755 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1756 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1757 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1758 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1759 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1760 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1761 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1762 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1763 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1764 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1765 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1766 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1767 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1768 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1769 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1770 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1771 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1772 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1773 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1774 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1775 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1776 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1777 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1778 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1779 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1780 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1781 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
1782 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
1783 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
1784 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1785 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1786 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1787 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1788 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
1789 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
1790 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
1791 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1792 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1793 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
1794 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
1795 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
1796 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
1797 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
1798 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
1799 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
1800 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
1801 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
1802 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
1803 #
1804 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
1805 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
1806 #
1807 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
1808 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
1809 #
1810 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
1811 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
1812 #
1813 # which using Google's translate tools says:
1814 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
1815 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
1816 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
1817 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1819 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
1820 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
1821 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
1822 # are now using:
1823 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
1824 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
1825 # Variation
1826 # Syrian Arab
1827 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
1828 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
1829 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
1831 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
1832 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
1833 # Agency (SANA)...
1834 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
1835 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
1836 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
1837 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
1838 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
1839 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
1840 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
1842 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
1843 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
1844 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
1845 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
1846 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
1848 Rule Syria 2008 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1849 Rule Syria 2008 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1851 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1852 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1853 2:00 Syria EE%sT
1855 # Tajikistan
1856 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1857 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1858 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1859 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1860 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1861 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1862 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1864 # Thailand
1865 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1866 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1867 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1868 7:00 - ICT
1870 # Turkmenistan
1871 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1872 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1873 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1874 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1875 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1876 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
1877 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1878 5:00 - TMT
1880 # United Arab Emirates
1881 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1882 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1883 4:00 - GST
1885 # Uzbekistan
1886 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1887 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1888 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1889 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
1890 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
1891 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
1892 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1893 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1894 5:00 - UZT
1895 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1896 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1897 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1898 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1899 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1900 5:00 - UZT
1902 # Vietnam
1904 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
1905 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
1906 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
1908 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1909 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1910 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
1911 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1912 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1913 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1914 7:00 - ICT
1916 # Yemen
1917 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1918 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
1919 3:00 - AST