stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   6    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   7    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Lesser General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
  16    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  *      ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities        <stdlib.h>
  20  */
  21
  22 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  23
  24 #define __GLIBC_INTERNAL_STARTING_HEADER_IMPLEMENTATION
  25 #include <bits/libc-header-start.h>
  26
  27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  28 #define         __need_size_t
  29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  30 # define        __need_wchar_t
  31 # define        __need_NULL
  32 #endif
  33 #include <stddef.h>
  34
  35 __BEGIN_DECLS
  36
  37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  38 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  39
  40 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  41 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  42 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  43 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  44
  45 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  46 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS (status)
  47 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG (status)
  48 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG (status)
  49 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED (status)
  50 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED (status)
  51 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED (status)
  52 # ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
  53 #  define WIFCONTINUED(status)  __WIFCONTINUED (status)
  54 # endif
  55 #endif  /* X/Open or XPG7 and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  56
  57 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
  58 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  59 typedef struct
  60   {
  61     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
  62     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
  63   } div_t;
  64
  65 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
  66 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
  67 typedef struct
  68   {
  69     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
  70     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
  71   } ldiv_t;
  72 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
  73 #endif
  74 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
  75
  76 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
  77 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
  78 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
  79 __extension__ typedef struct
  80   {
  81     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
  82     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
  83   } lldiv_t;
  84 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
  85 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
  86 #endif
  87
  88
  89 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
  90 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
  91
  92
  93 /* We define these the same for all machines.
  94    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
  95 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
  96 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
  97
  98
  99 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
 100 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
 101 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW __wur;
 102
 103
 104 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 105 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 106 extern double atof (const char *__nptr)
 107      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 108 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 109 extern int atoi (const char *__nptr)
 110      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 111 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 112 extern long int atol (const char *__nptr)
 113      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 114 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 115
 116 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 117 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 118 /* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
 119 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (const char *__nptr)
 120      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 121 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 122 #endif
 123
 124 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 125 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 126 extern double strtod (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 127                       char **__restrict __endptr)
 128      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 129 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 130
 131 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 132 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 133 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 134 extern float strtof (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 135                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 136
 137 extern long double strtold (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 138                             char **__restrict __endptr)
 139      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 140 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 141 #endif
 142
 143 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 144 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 145 extern long int strtol (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 146                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 147      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 148 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 149 extern unsigned long int strtoul (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 150                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 151      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 152 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 153
 154 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 155 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 156 __extension__
 157 extern long long int strtoq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 158                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 159      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 160 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 161 __extension__
 162 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 163                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 164      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 165 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 166
 167 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 168 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 169 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 170 __extension__
 171 extern long long int strtoll (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 172                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 173      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 174 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 175 __extension__
 176 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 177                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 178      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 179 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 180 #endif /* ISO C99 or use MISC.  */
 181
 182 /* Convert a floating-point number to a string.  */
 183 #if __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_BFP_EXT)
 184 extern int strfromd (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
 185                      double __f)
 186      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 187
 188 extern int strfromf (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
 189                      float __f)
 190      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 191
 192 extern int strfroml (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
 193                      long double __f)
 194      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 195 #endif
 196
 197
 198 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 199 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 200    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 201    information from several different locales.  Another problem is
 202    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 203    ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 204    the functions using locale data exist which take an additional
 205    argument.
 206
 207    Attention: even though several *_l interfaces are part of POSIX:2008,
 208    these are not.  */
 209
 210 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 211    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 212 # include <xlocale.h>
 213
 214 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 215    use as an additional parameter.  */
 216 extern long int strtol_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 217                           char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 218                           __locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 219
 220 extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 221                                     char **__restrict __endptr,
 222                                     int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 223      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 224
 225 __extension__
 226 extern long long int strtoll_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 227                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 228                                 __locale_t __loc)
 229      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 230
 231 __extension__
 232 extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 233                                           char **__restrict __endptr,
 234                                           int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 235      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 236
 237 extern double strtod_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 238                         char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 239      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 240
 241 extern float strtof_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 242                        char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 243      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 244
 245 extern long double strtold_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
 246                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 247                               __locale_t __loc)
 248      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 249 #endif /* GNU */
 250
 251
 252 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 253 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 254 __extern_inline int
 255 __NTH (atoi (const char *__nptr))
 256 {
 257   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 258 }
 259 __extern_inline long int
 260 __NTH (atol (const char *__nptr))
 261 {
 262   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 263 }
 264 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 265
 266 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 267 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 268 __extension__ __extern_inline long long int
 269 __NTH (atoll (const char *__nptr))
 270 {
 271   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 272 }
 273 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 274 # endif
 275 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 276
 277
 278 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 279 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 280    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 281    next call.  */
 282 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW __wur;
 283
 284 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 285 extern long int a64l (const char *__s)
 286      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 287
 288 #endif  /* Use misc || extended X/Open.  */
 289
 290 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 291 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 292
 293 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 294    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 295    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 296    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 297 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 298 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
 299
 300 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 301 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 302
 303 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 304    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 305    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 306    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 307 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 308                         size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 309
 310 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 311    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 312 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 313
 314
 315 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 316 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 317    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 318    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 319
 320 struct random_data
 321   {
 322     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 323     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 324     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 325     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 326     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 327     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 328     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 329   };
 330
 331 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 332                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 333
 334 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
 335      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 336
 337 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 338                         size_t __statelen,
 339                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 340      __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
 341
 342 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 343                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 344      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 345 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 346 #endif  /* Use extended X/Open || misc. */
 347
 348
 349 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 350 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 351 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 352 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 353 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 354 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 355
 356 #ifdef __USE_POSIX199506
 357 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 358 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 359 #endif
 360
 361
 362 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
 363 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 364
 365 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 366 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 367 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 368
 369 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 370 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 371 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 372      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 373
 374 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 375 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 376 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 377      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 378
 379 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 380 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 381 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
 382      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 383 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 384
 385 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 386 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
 387    type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
 388    have to allocate objects of this type.  */
 389 struct drand48_data
 390   {
 391     unsigned short int __x[3];  /* Current state.  */
 392     unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 393     unsigned short int __c;     /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 394     unsigned short int __init;  /* Flag for initializing.  */
 395     __extension__ unsigned long long int __a;   /* Factor in congruential
 396                                                    formula.  */
 397   };
 398
 399 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 400 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 401                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 402 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 403                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 404                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 405
 406 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 407 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 408                       long int *__restrict __result)
 409      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 410 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 411                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 412                       long int *__restrict __result)
 413      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 414
 415 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 416 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 417                       long int *__restrict __result)
 418      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 419 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 420                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 421                       long int *__restrict __result)
 422      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 423
 424 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 425 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 426      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 427
 428 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 429                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 430
 431 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 432                       struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 433      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 434 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 435 #endif  /* Use misc or X/Open.  */
 436
 437 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 438
 439 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 440 # define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 441 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 442 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 443 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 444 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 445 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 446      __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 447 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 448 #endif
 449
 450 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 451 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 452 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 453    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 454 /* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if realloc returns
 455    the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
 456    between objects pointed by the old and new pointers.  */
 457 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
 458      __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__;
 459 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 460 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 461 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 462
 463 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 464 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 465 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 466 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 467
 468 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 469 # include <alloca.h>
 470 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 471
 472 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K) \
 473     || defined __USE_MISC
 474 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 475 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
 476 #endif
 477
 478 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 479 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 480 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 481      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 482 #endif
 483
 484 #ifdef __USE_ISOC11
 485 /* ISO C variant of aligned allocation.  */
 486 extern void *aligned_alloc (size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 487      __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __attribute_alloc_size__ ((2)) __wur;
 488 #endif
 489
 490 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 491 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 492 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 493
 494
 495 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 496 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 497
 498 #if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
 499 /* Register a function to be called when `quick_exit' is called.  */
 500 # ifdef __cplusplus
 501 extern "C++" int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void))
 502      __THROW __asm ("at_quick_exit") __nonnull ((1));
 503 # else
 504 extern int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 505 # endif
 506 #endif
 507 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 508
 509 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 510 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 511    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 512 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 513      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 514 #endif
 515
 516 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 517 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 518    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered,
 519    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 520 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 521
 522 #if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
 523 /* Call all functions registered with `at_quick_exit' in the reverse
 524    of the order in which they were registered and terminate program
 525    execution with STATUS.  */
 526 extern void quick_exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 527 #endif
 528 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 529
 530 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 531 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 532 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 533    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 534 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 535 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 536 #endif
 537
 538
 539 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 540 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 541 extern char *getenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 542 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 543
 544 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 545 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 546    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 547 extern char *secure_getenv (const char *__name)
 548      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 549 #endif
 550
 551 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
 552 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 553 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 554    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 555 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 556 #endif
 557
 558 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 559 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 560    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 561 extern int setenv (const char *__name, const char *__value, int __replace)
 562      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 563
 564 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 565 extern int unsetenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 566 #endif
 567
 568 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 569 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 570    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 571    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 572 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 573 #endif
 574
 575
 576 #if defined __USE_MISC \
 577     || (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K8)
 578 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 579    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 580    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 581    Always returns TEMPLATE, it's either a temporary file name or a null
 582    string if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 583 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 584 #endif
 585
 586 #if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
 587 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 588    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 589    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 590    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 591    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.
 592
 593    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 594    marked with __THROW.  */
 595 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 596 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 597 # else
 598 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 599 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64)
 600      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 601 #  else
 602 #   define mkstemp mkstemp64
 603 #  endif
 604 # endif
 605 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 606 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 607 # endif
 608 #endif
 609
 610 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 611 /* Similar to mkstemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
 612    XXXXXX.  The length of the suffix is specified in the second
 613    parameter.
 614
 615    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 616    marked with __THROW.  */
 617 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 618 extern int mkstemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 619 # else
 620 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 621 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen),
 622                        mkstemps64) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 623 #  else
 624 #   define mkstemps mkstemps64
 625 #  endif
 626 # endif
 627 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 628 extern int mkstemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen)
 629      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 630 # endif
 631 #endif
 632
 633 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
 634 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 635    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 636    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 637    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 638    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 639 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 640 #endif
 641
 642 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 643 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE similar to
 644    mkstemp.  But allow the caller to pass additional flags which are
 645    used in the open call to create the file..
 646
 647    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 648    marked with __THROW.  */
 649 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 650 extern int mkostemp (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 651 # else
 652 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 653 extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemp, (char *__template, int __flags), mkostemp64)
 654      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 655 #  else
 656 #   define mkostemp mkostemp64
 657 #  endif
 658 # endif
 659 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 660 extern int mkostemp64 (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 661 # endif
 662
 663 /* Similar to mkostemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
 664    XXXXXX.  The length of the suffix is specified in the second
 665    parameter.
 666
 667    This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
 668    marked with __THROW.  */
 669 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 670 extern int mkostemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
 671      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 672 # else
 673 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 674 extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen,
 675                                    int __flags), mkostemps64)
 676      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 677 #  else
 678 #   define mkostemps mkostemps64
 679 #  endif
 680 # endif
 681 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 682 extern int mkostemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
 683      __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 684 # endif
 685 #endif
 686
 687
 688 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 689 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.
 690
 691    This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
 692    __THROW.  */
 693 extern int system (const char *__command) __wur;
 694 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 695
 696
 697 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 698 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 699    existing named file.  */
 700 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (const char *__name)
 701      __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 702 #endif
 703
 704 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 705 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  If RESOLVED is
 706    null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical name is
 707    PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 708    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars,
 709    returns the name in RESOLVED.  */
 710 extern char *realpath (const char *__restrict __name,
 711                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW __wur;
 712 #endif
 713
 714
 715 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 716 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 717 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 718 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (const void *, const void *);
 719
 720 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 721 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 722 # endif
 723 #endif
 724 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 725 typedef int (*__compar_d_fn_t) (const void *, const void *, void *);
 726 #endif
 727
 728 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 729 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 730    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 731 extern void *bsearch (const void *__key, const void *__base,
 732                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
 733      __nonnull ((1, 2, 5)) __wur;
 734
 735 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 736 # include <bits/stdlib-bsearch.h>
 737 #endif
 738
 739 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 740    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 741 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 742                    __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));
 743 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 744 extern void qsort_r (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 745                      __compar_d_fn_t __compar, void *__arg)
 746   __nonnull ((1, 4));
 747 #endif
 748
 749
 750 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 751 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 752 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 753 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 754
 755 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 756 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 757      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 758 #endif
 759
 760
 761 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 762 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 763    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 764 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 765 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 766      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 767 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 768      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 769 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 770
 771 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 772 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 773 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 774                                     long long int __denom)
 775      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
 776 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 777 #endif
 778
 779
 780 #if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) \
 781     || defined __USE_MISC
 782 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 783    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 784
 785 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 786    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 787    with the sign of the number.  */
 788 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 789                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 790
 791 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 792    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 793    the number.  */
 794 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 795                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 796
 797 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 798    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 799    be written to BUF.  */
 800 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 801      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 802 #endif
 803
 804 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 805 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 806 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 807                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 808      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 809 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 810                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 811      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
 812 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 813      __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
 814
 815
 816 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 817    buffers.  */
 818 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 819                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 820                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 821 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 822                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 823                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 824
 825 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 826                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 827                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 828      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 829 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 830                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 831                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 832      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 833 #endif  /* misc */
 834
 835
 836 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 837 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 838    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 839 extern int mblen (const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 840 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 841    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 842 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 843                    const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 844 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 845    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 846 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
 847
 848
 849 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 850 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 851                         const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 852 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 853 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 854                         const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 855      __THROW;
 856 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 857
 858
 859 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 860 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 861    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 862    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 863    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 864 extern int rpmatch (const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
 865 #endif
 866
 867
 868 #if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
 869 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 870    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 871    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 872    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 873    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 874    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 875 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 876                       char *const *__restrict __tokens,
 877                       char **__restrict __valuep)
 878      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3)) __wur;
 879 #endif
 880
 881
 882 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 883 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 884 extern void setkey (const char *__key) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 885 #endif
 886
 887
 888 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 889
 890 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2KXSI
 891 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
 892 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __wur;
 893 #endif
 894
 895 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 896 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 897    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 898
 899 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 900 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 901
 902 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 903    Call after grantpt().  */
 904 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 905
 906 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave associated with
 907    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 908    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 909 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW __wur;
 910 #endif
 911
 912 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 913 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 914    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 915    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 916 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
 917      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 918
 919 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 920 extern int getpt (void);
 921 #endif
 922
 923 #ifdef __USE_MISC
 924 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 925    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 926    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 927 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
 928      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 929 #endif
 930
 931 #if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K
 932 /* Return the index into the active-logins file (utmp) for
 933    the controlling terminal.  */
 934 extern int ttyslot (void) __THROW;
 935 #endif
 936
 937 #include <bits/stdlib-float.h>
 938
 939 /* Define some macros helping to catch buffer overflows.  */
 940 #if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && defined __fortify_function
 941 # include <bits/stdlib.h>
 942 #endif
 943 #ifdef __LDBL_COMPAT
 944 # include <bits/stdlib-ldbl.h>
 945 #endif
 946
 947 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 948 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 949
 950 __END_DECLS
 951
 952 #endif /* stdlib.h  */