2 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
4 # Notes are at the end of this file
6 ###############################################################################
10 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
11 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
12 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
13 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
14 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
15 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
16 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
17 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
18 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
19 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
20 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
22 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
24 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
28 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
30 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
31 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
32 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
33 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
34 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
35 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
39 # From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
40 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
41 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
42 # Queensland ceased to.
44 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
45 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
46 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
47 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
50 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
51 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
52 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
53 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
54 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
55 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
56 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
57 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
60 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
66 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
67 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
68 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
69 Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
70 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
71 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
72 Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule AS 1990 1994 even Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
74 Rule AS 1990 1994 odd Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
75 Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
76 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
77 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
83 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
84 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
85 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
86 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
87 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
88 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
89 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
90 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
91 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
92 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
93 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
94 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
95 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
96 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
97 Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
98 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
99 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
100 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
101 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
102 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
103 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
109 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
110 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
111 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
112 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
113 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
114 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
115 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
116 Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
117 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
118 Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
119 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
120 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
125 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
126 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
127 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
128 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
129 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
130 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
131 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
132 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
133 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
134 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
135 Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
136 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
137 Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
139 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
142 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
143 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
150 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
151 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
152 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
153 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
154 Rule LH 1986 1991 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
155 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 -
156 Rule LH 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
157 Rule LH 1992 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
158 Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
159 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
163 # Australian miscellany
165 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
166 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
167 # no information; probably like Australia/Perth
170 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
174 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
175 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
176 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
177 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
178 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Macquarie Island follows Tasmanian practice
179 # irrespective of any local use of DST. This is unclear; ignore it for now.
181 # Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga
185 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
186 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
187 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
192 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
193 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
194 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
195 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
196 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
197 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
203 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
206 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
207 Rule Fiji 1998 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
208 Rule Fiji 1999 max - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
209 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
210 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
211 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
214 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
215 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
216 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
217 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
218 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
219 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
220 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
221 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
225 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
226 Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
230 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
231 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
232 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
233 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
234 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
237 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
238 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
243 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
244 Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
245 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
249 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
250 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
251 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
253 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
255 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
259 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
260 Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
261 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
263 Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
264 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
265 Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
266 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
267 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
268 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
273 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
274 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
275 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
276 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
281 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
282 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
283 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
284 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
285 # Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
286 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
287 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
288 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
292 ###############################################################################
296 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
297 # Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
298 # 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
299 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
300 Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
301 Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
302 Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
303 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
304 Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
305 # Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
306 # didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
307 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
308 Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
309 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
310 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
311 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
312 Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
313 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
314 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
315 Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
316 Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
317 Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
318 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
319 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
320 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
322 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
326 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
327 # and scientific personnel have wintered
330 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
331 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
332 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
333 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
335 ###############################################################################
339 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
340 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
341 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
342 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
346 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
347 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
348 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
349 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
352 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
353 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
354 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
358 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
359 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
360 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
363 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
364 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
365 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
366 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
369 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
371 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
372 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
373 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
374 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
377 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
379 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
380 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
383 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
384 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
385 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
386 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
389 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
390 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
391 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
394 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
395 Rule Tonga 1999 max - Oct Sat>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
396 Rule Tonga 2000 max - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 0 -
397 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
398 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
399 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
404 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
405 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
406 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
409 # US minor outlying islands
412 # uninhabited since World War II
413 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
416 # uninhabited since 1958
417 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
421 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
427 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
428 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
429 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
430 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
433 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
437 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
438 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
442 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
443 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
444 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
445 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
446 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
447 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
448 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
449 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
450 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
451 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
454 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
455 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
456 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
458 ###############################################################################
462 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
463 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
464 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
466 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
467 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
468 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
469 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
471 # Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
472 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
473 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
474 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
475 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
477 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
478 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
480 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
481 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
482 # I found in the UCLA library.
484 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
485 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
487 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
488 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
489 # Corrections are welcome!
491 # LMT Local Mean Time
492 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
494 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
495 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
497 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
498 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
499 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
502 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
504 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
505 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
507 ###############################################################################
511 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
512 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
513 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
514 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
515 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
516 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
517 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
518 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
519 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
521 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
522 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
523 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
524 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
525 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
526 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
527 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
529 # From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992):
530 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
531 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
532 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
533 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
535 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
536 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
537 # Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
538 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
539 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
540 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
541 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
543 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05):
545 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
546 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
547 # relevant entries in this database.
549 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
550 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
551 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
554 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
555 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
558 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
559 # Standard Time Act, 1898
564 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
565 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
567 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
569 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
571 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
572 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
573 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
577 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
578 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
580 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
581 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
582 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
583 # # before reaching parliament.
585 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
587 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
588 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
589 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
590 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
592 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
593 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
594 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
596 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
597 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
598 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
600 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
603 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
604 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
605 # it matches what was used in the past.
607 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
608 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
609 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
610 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
613 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
614 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
617 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
619 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
620 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
621 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
622 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
624 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
625 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
628 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
629 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
630 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
631 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
633 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
634 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
635 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
638 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
639 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
640 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
642 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
643 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
646 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
647 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
649 # South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
651 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
652 # The rules from version 7.1 follow.
653 # There are lots of differences between these rules and
654 # the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
655 # and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
656 # current DST ending dates, no worries.
658 # Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
659 # Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
660 # Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
661 # Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
662 # Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
663 # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
664 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
665 # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
666 # 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
669 # From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
670 # I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
671 # that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
672 # original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
673 # that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
674 # The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
675 # that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
679 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
680 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
681 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
682 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
684 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
685 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
688 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
690 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
691 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
692 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
693 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
695 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
696 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
697 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
698 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
700 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
701 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
702 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
703 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
706 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
707 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
708 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
709 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
711 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
712 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
713 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
714 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
716 # From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
717 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
718 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
719 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
723 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
724 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
725 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
728 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
729 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
730 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
731 # (but nothing new about that).
733 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
734 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
735 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
736 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
737 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
738 # instead of the first Sunday in October.
742 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
743 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
744 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
749 # From Arthur David Olson:
750 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
751 # Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz),
753 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
754 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
755 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
756 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
757 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
758 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
760 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
761 # The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
762 # <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
764 # </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
765 # The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
766 # publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See:
767 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
768 # Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
771 # From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
772 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
773 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
774 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
775 # Two months more daylight saving
777 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
779 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
780 # See the following official NSW source:
781 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
782 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
785 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
786 # daylight saving next year. See:
787 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
788 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
789 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
791 # Victoria will following NSW. See:
792 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
793 # Vic to extend daylight saving
796 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
797 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
798 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
801 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
802 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
803 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
804 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
805 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
806 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
807 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
808 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
809 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
811 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
812 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
813 # Broken Hill to be behind the times
816 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
817 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
818 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
822 # From John Basser (1989-01-04):
823 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
825 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
826 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
829 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
830 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
831 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
832 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
833 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
834 # # presently available.
835 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
837 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
838 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
839 # [followed by other Rules]
843 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
844 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
846 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
847 # hour ahead of NSW time.
849 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
850 # For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1991.
851 # Lord Howe is part of NSW, so we'll guess it has used the same transition
852 # times as NSW since 1991, even though Shanks writes that Lord Howe went
853 # with Victoria when NSW and Victoria disagreed in 1982.
855 ###############################################################################
857 # New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1
858 # Elz says "no guarantees"
860 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
861 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
862 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
863 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
864 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
866 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
867 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
868 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
869 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
872 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
873 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
874 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
875 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
877 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
878 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
880 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
881 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
882 # rather than the October 1 value.
884 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
885 # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
886 # Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight
887 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
888 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
889 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
891 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
892 # Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
893 # usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999)
894 # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
895 # Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990.
897 ###############################################################################
901 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
902 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
903 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
905 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
906 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
907 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
908 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
910 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
911 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
912 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
913 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
914 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
919 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
923 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
924 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
925 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
926 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
930 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
931 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
932 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
933 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
934 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
938 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
939 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
940 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
941 # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
945 # Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
946 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
947 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
949 # Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01;
950 # ignore this for now.
952 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
953 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
954 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
955 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
957 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
958 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
962 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
963 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
964 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
966 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
967 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
968 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
970 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
971 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
972 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
974 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
975 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
978 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
979 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
980 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
981 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
985 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
986 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
987 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
988 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
989 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
993 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
994 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
995 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
996 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
998 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
999 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1000 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1003 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1004 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1005 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1006 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1007 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1008 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1010 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1011 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1012 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1014 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1015 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1016 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1017 # minutes we have lost?"
1019 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1020 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1021 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1023 # From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
1024 # Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1026 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1027 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1028 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1029 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1030 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1033 # From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09):
1034 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1036 # I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>:
1037 # <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1038 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1041 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1042 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1043 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1044 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1046 # From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20):
1047 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
1048 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1050 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1051 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1052 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1053 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1054 # set back an hour on the closing date."
1055 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1057 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1058 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1059 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.