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1 # @(#)asia 7.81
3 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
8 #
9 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
10 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
11 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
12 #
13 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
14 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
15 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
16 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
17 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
18 #
19 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
20 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
21 #
22 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
23 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
24 # I found in the UCLA library.
25 #
26 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
27 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
28 #
29 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
30 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
31 # Corrections are welcome!
32 # std dst
33 # LMT Local Mean Time
34 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
35 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
36 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
37 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
38 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
39 # 5:30 IST India
40 # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
41 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
42 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
43 # 8:00 CST China
44 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
45 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
46 # 9:00 JST Japan
47 # 9:00 KST Korea
48 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
49 #
50 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
52 # From Guy Harris:
53 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
54 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
55 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
56 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
58 ###############################################################################
60 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
61 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
62 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
63 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
64 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
65 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
66 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
67 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
68 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
69 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
77 # Afghanistan
78 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
79 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
80 4:00 - AFT 1945
81 4:30 - AFT
83 # Armenia
84 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
85 # Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
86 # then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
87 # Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
88 # <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
89 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
90 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
91 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
92 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
93 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
94 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
95 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
96 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
97 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
98 4:00 - AMT 1997
99 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
101 # Azerbaijan
102 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
103 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 S
104 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 1:00 0 -
105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
106 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
107 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
108 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
109 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
110 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
111 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
112 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
113 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
115 # Bahrain
116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
117 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
118 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
119 3:00 - AST
121 # Bangladesh
122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
124 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
125 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
126 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
127 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
128 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
129 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
131 # Bhutan
132 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
133 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
134 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
135 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
137 # British Indian Ocean Territory
138 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
139 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
140 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
141 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
142 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
143 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
144 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
145 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
146 6:00 - IOT
148 # Brunei
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
151 7:30 - BNT 1933
152 8:00 - BNT
154 # Burma / Myanmar
155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
157 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
158 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
159 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
160 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
162 # Cambodia
163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
164 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
165 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
166 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
167 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
168 7:00 - ICT
170 # China
172 # From Guy Harris:
173 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
175 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
176 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
177 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
178 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
179 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
180 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
181 #
182 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
183 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
184 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
185 #
186 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
187 # 1987 mid-April - ??
189 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
190 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
191 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
193 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
194 # Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
195 # observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
196 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
197 # Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
199 # From Shanks:
200 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
201 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
202 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
203 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
204 Rule PRC 1949 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
205 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
206 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
207 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
208 #
209 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
210 #
211 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
212 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
213 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
214 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949):
215 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
216 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
217 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
218 8:00 - CST 1940
219 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
220 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
221 8:00 PRC C%sT
222 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
223 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
224 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
225 8:00 PRC C%sT
226 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
227 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
228 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
229 8:00 PRC C%sT
230 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
231 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
232 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
233 8:00 PRC C%sT
234 # Kunlun Time
235 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
236 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
237 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
238 8:00 PRC C%sT
240 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
241 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
242 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
243 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
244 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
245 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
246 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
247 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
248 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
249 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
250 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
251 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
252 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
253 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
254 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
255 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
256 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
258 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
259 8:00 HK HK%sT
262 ###############################################################################
264 # Taiwan
266 # Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
267 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
268 # have any other information.
270 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
271 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
272 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
273 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
274 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
275 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
276 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
277 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
278 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
279 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
280 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
281 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
282 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
283 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
284 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
286 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
287 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
288 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
289 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
290 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
291 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
292 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
293 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
294 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
295 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
296 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
297 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
298 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
299 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
300 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
301 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
302 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
303 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
304 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
305 8:00 PRC C%sT
308 ###############################################################################
310 # Cyprus
311 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
312 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
313 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
314 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
315 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
316 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
317 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
318 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
319 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
320 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
321 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
322 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
323 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
324 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
325 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
327 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
328 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
329 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
331 # Georgia
332 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-19):
333 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
334 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
335 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
336 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
337 #
338 # From Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org>, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
339 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
340 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
341 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
342 #
343 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
344 #
345 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
346 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
347 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
348 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
349 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
350 # of integration into Europe.
352 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
353 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
354 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
355 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
356 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
357 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
358 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
359 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
360 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
361 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
362 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
363 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT
365 # East Timor
367 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
368 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
369 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
370 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
371 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
372 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
373 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
374 # conflicts with their way of life.
376 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
377 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
378 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
380 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
381 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
382 # (2000-08-16)</a>:
383 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
384 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
385 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
386 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
388 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
389 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
390 8:00 - TPT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
391 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
392 9:00 - TPT 1976 May 3
393 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
394 9:00 - TPT
396 # India
397 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
398 Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
399 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
400 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
401 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
402 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
403 5:30 - IST
404 # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
405 # Andaman Is
406 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
407 # Nicobar Is
409 # Indonesia
410 #
411 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks:
412 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
413 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
414 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
415 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
416 #
417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
418 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
419 # Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
420 # but this must be a typo.
421 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
422 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
423 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
424 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
425 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
426 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
427 7:30 - WIT 1964
428 7:00 - WIT
429 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
430 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
431 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
432 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
433 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
434 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
435 7:30 - WIT 1964
436 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
437 7:00 - WIT
438 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
439 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
440 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
441 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
442 8:00 - CIT
443 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
444 9:00 - EIT 1944
445 9:30 - CST 1964
446 9:00 - EIT
448 # Iran
450 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
451 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
452 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
453 #
454 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
455 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
456 #
457 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
458 #
459 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
460 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
461 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
462 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
463 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
464 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
465 #
466 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
467 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
468 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
469 # Shahrivar.
470 #
471 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
472 #
473 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
474 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
475 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
476 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
477 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
478 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
480 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-15)
481 # Go with Shanks before September 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
482 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates.
483 # The Persian calendar is based on the sun, and dates after around 2050
484 # are approximate; stop after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
485 #
486 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
487 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
488 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
489 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
490 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
491 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
492 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
493 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
494 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
495 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
496 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
497 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
498 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
499 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
500 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
501 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
502 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
503 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
504 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
505 Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
506 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
507 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
508 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
509 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
510 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
511 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
512 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
513 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
514 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
515 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
516 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
517 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
518 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
519 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
520 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
521 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
522 Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
523 Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
524 Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
525 Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
526 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
527 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
528 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
529 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
530 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
531 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
532 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
533 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
534 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
535 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
536 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
537 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
538 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
539 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
540 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
541 3:30 Iran IR%sT
544 # Iraq
545 #
546 # From Jonathan Lennox <lennox@cs.columbia.edu> (2000-06-12):
547 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
548 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
549 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
550 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
551 #
552 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
553 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
554 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
555 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
556 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
557 #
558 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
560 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
561 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
562 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
563 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
564 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
565 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
566 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
567 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
568 # Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
569 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
570 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
571 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
572 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
573 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
574 3:00 - AST 1982 May
575 3:00 Iraq A%sT
578 ###############################################################################
580 # Israel
582 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
583 #
584 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
585 # different abbreviations in use:
586 #
587 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
588 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
589 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
590 #
591 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
592 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
593 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
594 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
595 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
596 # settings in Israeli computers.
597 #
598 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
599 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
600 # family is from India).
602 # From Shanks:
603 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
604 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
605 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
606 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
607 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
608 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
609 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
610 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
611 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
612 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
613 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
614 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
615 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
616 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
617 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
618 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
619 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
620 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
621 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
622 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
623 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
624 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
625 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
626 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
627 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
628 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
629 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
630 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
631 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
632 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
633 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
634 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
635 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
636 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
637 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
638 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
639 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
640 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
641 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
642 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
643 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
645 # From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim@cs.huji.ac.il>
646 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
647 # and 2005-02-17):
649 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
650 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
651 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
652 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
653 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
654 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
655 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
656 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
657 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
658 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
659 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
660 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
661 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
662 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
663 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
664 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
665 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
666 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
667 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
668 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
669 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
670 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
672 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
673 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
674 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
675 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
676 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
677 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
678 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
679 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
680 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
681 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
682 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
684 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
685 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
686 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
688 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
689 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
690 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
691 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
692 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
694 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
695 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
696 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
697 #
698 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
699 #
700 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
701 #
702 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
703 #
704 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
705 #
706 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
708 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
709 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
710 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
711 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
712 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
713 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
714 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
715 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
716 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
718 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
719 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
720 # years 2001-2004 as well.
721 #
722 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
723 #
724 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
725 #
726 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
727 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
728 #
729 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
731 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
732 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
733 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
734 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
735 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
736 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
737 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
738 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
739 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
740 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
741 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
743 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
744 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
745 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
746 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
747 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
748 #
749 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
750 #
751 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
753 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
754 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
755 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
756 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
757 # to generate the transitions in this list.
758 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
759 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
760 #
761 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
762 #
763 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
764 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
765 # springtime transitions explicitly.
767 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
768 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
769 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
770 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
771 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
772 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
773 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
774 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
775 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
776 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
777 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
778 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
779 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
780 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
781 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
782 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
783 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
784 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
785 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
786 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
787 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
788 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
789 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
790 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
791 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
792 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
793 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
794 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
795 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
796 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
797 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
798 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
799 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
800 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
801 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
802 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
803 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
804 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
805 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
806 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
807 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
808 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
809 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
810 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
812 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
813 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
814 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
815 2:00 Zion I%sT
819 ###############################################################################
821 # Japan
823 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
825 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-03-06):
826 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
827 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
828 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
829 # Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows:
830 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
831 #Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
832 #Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
833 #Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
834 #Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
835 # but the only locations using it were US military bases.
836 # We go with Shanks and omit daylight saving in those years for Asia/Tokyo.
838 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
839 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
840 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
841 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
842 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
843 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
844 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
846 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
847 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
848 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
849 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
850 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
851 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
852 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
853 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
854 # standard....
855 #
856 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
857 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
859 # Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki)
860 # use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
862 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
863 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
864 9:00 - JST 1896
865 9:00 - CJT 1938
866 9:00 - JST
867 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
869 # Jordan
870 #
871 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
872 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
873 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
874 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
875 # all year round.
876 #
877 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
878 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
879 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
880 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
881 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
882 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
883 #
884 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
885 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
886 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
887 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
888 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
889 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
890 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
891 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
892 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
893 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
894 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
895 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
896 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
897 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
898 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
899 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
900 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
901 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
902 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
903 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
904 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
905 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
906 Rule Jordan 1999 max - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
907 Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
908 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
909 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
910 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
912 # Kazakhstan
913 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
914 # Andrew Evtichov <evti@chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
915 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
916 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
917 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
918 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
919 #
920 # From Paul Eggert (2001-10-18):
921 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
922 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
923 # Go with Shanks, who has them always using RussiaAsia rules.
924 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks:
925 #
926 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
927 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
928 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
929 #
930 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
931 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
932 # </a>
933 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
934 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
935 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
936 #
937 #
938 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
939 #
940 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
941 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
942 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
943 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
944 6:00 - ALMT 1992
945 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
946 6:00 - ALMT
947 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
948 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
949 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
950 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
951 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
952 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
953 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
954 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
955 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
956 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
957 6:00 - QYZT
958 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
959 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
960 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
961 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
962 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
963 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
964 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
965 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
966 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
967 5:00 - AQTT
968 # Mangghystau
969 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
970 # so include time stamps before 1963.
971 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
972 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
973 5:00 - FORT 1963
974 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
975 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
976 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
977 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
978 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
979 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
980 4:00 - AQTT
981 # West Kazakhstan
982 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
983 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
984 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
985 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
986 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
987 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
988 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
989 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
990 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
991 4:00 - ORAT
993 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
994 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
995 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
996 Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
997 Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
998 Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
999 Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1000 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1001 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1002 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1003 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1004 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1005 5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time
1007 ###############################################################################
1009 # Korea (North and South)
1011 # From Guy Harris:
1012 # According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
1013 # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know
1014 # at what time of day DST starts or ends.
1016 # From Shanks:
1017 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1018 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1019 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1020 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D
1021 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S
1023 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1024 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1025 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1026 9:00 - KST 1928
1027 8:30 - KST 1932
1028 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1029 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1030 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1031 9:00 ROK K%sT
1032 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1033 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1034 9:00 - KST 1928
1035 8:30 - KST 1932
1036 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1037 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1038 9:00 - KST
1040 ###############################################################################
1042 # Kuwait
1043 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1044 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1045 3:00 - AST
1047 # Laos
1048 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1049 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1050 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1051 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1052 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1053 7:00 - ICT
1055 # Lebanon
1056 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1057 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1058 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1059 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1060 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1061 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1062 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1063 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1064 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1065 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1066 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1067 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1068 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1069 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1070 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1071 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1072 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1073 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1074 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1075 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1076 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1077 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1078 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1079 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1080 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1081 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1082 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1083 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1085 # Malaysia
1086 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1087 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1088 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1089 #
1090 # peninsular Malaysia
1091 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1092 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1093 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1094 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1095 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1096 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1097 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1098 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1099 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1100 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1101 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1102 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1103 # Sabah & Sarawak
1104 # From Paul Eggert (2003-11-01):
1105 # The data here are mostly from Shanks, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1106 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1107 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1108 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1109 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1110 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1111 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1112 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1113 8:00 - MYT
1115 # Maldives
1116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1117 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1118 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1119 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1121 # Mongolia
1123 # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
1124 # Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
1125 # both say that it has just one.
1127 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1128 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1129 # General Information Mongolia
1130 # </a> (1999-09)
1131 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1132 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1133 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1134 # eight hours."
1136 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1137 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1138 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1139 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1140 # of implementation may have been different....
1141 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1142 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1143 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1145 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1146 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1147 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1148 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1149 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1150 # is good enough for our purposes.
1152 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1153 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1154 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1155 # there are three time zones.
1156 #
1157 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1158 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1159 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1160 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1161 #
1162 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1164 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar <ganbold@micom.mng.net> (2004-04-17):
1165 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1166 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1167 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1168 #
1169 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1170 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1171 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1173 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1174 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1175 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1176 # IATA SSIM says 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, but Shanks (1995) lists
1177 # them at 02:00s, and McDow says the 2001 switches also occurred at 02:00.
1178 # Also, IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks through 1998.
1179 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1180 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1181 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1182 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1183 Rule Mongol 2001 max - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1184 Rule Mongol 2002 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1187 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1188 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1189 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1190 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1191 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1192 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1193 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1194 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1195 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1196 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1197 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1198 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1199 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1200 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time
1202 # Nepal
1203 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1204 Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1205 5:30 - IST 1986
1206 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1208 # Oman
1209 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1210 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1211 4:00 - GST
1213 # Pakistan
1215 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1216 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1217 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1218 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1219 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1220 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1222 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1223 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1224 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1225 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1226 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1227 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1228 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1229 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1230 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1231 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1232 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1234 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1235 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1236 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1238 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1239 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1240 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1241 #
1242 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1243 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1244 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1245 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1246 #
1247 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1248 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1251 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1252 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1253 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1254 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1255 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1256 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1257 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1258 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1259 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1260 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1262 # Palestine
1264 # From Amos Shapir <amos@nsof.co.il> (1998-02-15):
1265 #
1266 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1267 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1268 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1269 #
1270 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1271 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1272 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1273 # though.
1274 #
1275 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1276 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1277 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1278 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1279 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1280 # East Jerusalem.
1281 #
1282 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1283 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1284 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1285 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1286 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1287 #
1288 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1289 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1290 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1291 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1292 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1293 # Jordanian one).
1294 #
1295 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1296 #
1297 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1298 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1299 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1300 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1301 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1302 #
1303 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1304 # have one).
1306 # From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
1307 # Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go
1308 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1309 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1310 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1311 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1312 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1313 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1314 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1315 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1316 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1318 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1319 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1320 #
1321 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1322 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1323 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1324 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1326 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1327 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1328 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1329 # Holiday havoc
1330 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1331 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1332 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1333 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1334 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1336 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1337 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1338 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1339 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1340 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1341 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1342 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1343 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1345 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1346 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1348 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1349 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1350 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1351 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1352 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
1353 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1354 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1356 # Paracel Is
1357 # no information
1359 # Philippines
1360 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1361 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1362 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1363 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1364 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
1365 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1366 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1367 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1368 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1369 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1370 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1371 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1372 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1373 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1374 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1375 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1376 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
1377 8:00 Phil PH%sT
1379 # Qatar
1380 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1381 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1382 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
1383 3:00 - AST
1385 # Saudi Arabia
1386 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1387 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1388 3:00 - AST
1390 # Singapore
1391 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1392 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1393 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1394 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1395 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1396 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1397 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1398 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1399 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1400 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1401 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1402 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
1403 8:00 - SGT
1405 # Spratly Is
1406 # no information
1408 # Sri Lanka
1409 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1410 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1411 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1412 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1413 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1414 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1415 #
1416 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1417 # by Shamindra in
1418 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1419 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1420 # </a>:
1421 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1422 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1424 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1425 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1426 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1427 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1428 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1429 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1430 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1431 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1432 6:00 - LKT
1434 # Syria
1435 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1436 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1437 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1438 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1439 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1440 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1441 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1442 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1443 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1444 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1445 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1446 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1447 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1448 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1449 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1450 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1451 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1452 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1453 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1454 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1455 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1456 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1457 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1458 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1459 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1460 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1461 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1462 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1463 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1464 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1465 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1466 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1467 # ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
1468 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1469 Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1470 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1471 Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1472 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1473 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1474 2:00 Syria EE%sT
1476 # Tajikistan
1477 # From Shanks.
1478 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1479 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1480 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1481 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1482 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1483 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1485 # Thailand
1486 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1487 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1488 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1489 7:00 - ICT
1491 # Turkmenistan
1492 # From Shanks.
1493 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1494 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1495 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1496 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1497 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
1498 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1499 5:00 - TMT
1501 # United Arab Emirates
1502 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1503 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1504 4:00 - GST
1506 # Uzbekistan
1507 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1508 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1509 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1510 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
1511 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
1512 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
1513 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1514 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1515 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1516 5:00 - UZT
1517 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1518 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1519 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1520 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1521 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1522 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993
1523 5:00 - UZT
1525 # Vietnam
1526 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
1527 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
1528 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
1529 # From Shanks:
1530 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1531 Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
1532 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1533 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1534 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1535 7:00 - ICT
1537 # Yemen
1538 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1539 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
1540 3:00 - AST