| blob | a5d0ab59f5d99610169491bcb5ada62f0fd500b6 |
1 # @(#)asia 7.23
3 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
8 #
9 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
10 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
11 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
12 # Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
13 #
14 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
15 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
16 # I found in the UCLA library.
17 #
18 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
19 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
20 # Oxford University Press (1980).
21 #
22 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
23 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
24 # Corrections are welcome!
25 # std dst
26 # LMT Local Mean Time
27 # LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
28 # 2:00 EET EET DST Eastern European Time
29 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
30 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
31 # 3:00 BSK BSD Baku (was 4:00)*
32 # 3:30 IST IDT Iran
33 # 4:00 AMST AMDT Armenia (was 3:00) (was YSK, YSD)*
34 # 4:00 TBSK TBSD Tbilisi (was 3:00)*
35 # 4:00 GST GDT Gulf*
36 # 4:30 AFT Afghanistan*
37 # 5:00 ASK ASD Aktau (was SHSK, SHSD)*
38 # 5:00 ASK ASD Ashkhabad (was 4:00)*
39 # 5:00 BSK BSD Bishkek (was 6:00) (was FSK, FSD)*
40 # 5:00 PKT Pakistan*
41 # 5:00 TSK TSD Tashkent (was 6:00)*
42 # 5:30 IST IST India
43 # 5:45 NPT Nepal*
44 # 6:00 AASK AASD Alma-Ata (was 5:00)*
45 # 6:00 BGT Bengal, Bangladesh*
46 # 6:00 DSK DSD Dushanbe (was 5:00)*
47 # 6:30 BMT Burma*
48 # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
49 # 7:00 JVT Java*
50 # 8:00 BNT Borneo, Brunei*
51 # 8:00 CST CDT China
52 # 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong
53 # 8:00 PST PDT Philippines*
54 # 8:00 SGT Singapore
55 # 8:00 UST UDT Ulan Bator*
56 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
57 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
58 # 9:00 MLT Moluccas*
59 # 9:30 CST Australian Central Standard Time
60 #
61 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
62 #
63 # See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
65 # From Guy Harris:
66 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
67 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
68 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
69 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
71 ###############################################################################
73 # These rules for Russia are stolen from the `europe' file.
74 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K
78 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
80 # Afghanistan
81 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
82 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
83 4:00 - GST 1945
84 4:30 - AFT
86 # Armenia
87 # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-04):
88 # Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
89 # but usno1995 has Armenia at 4:00 (with DST), and Edgar Der-Danieliantz
90 # <edd@AIC.NET> reported today that Yerevan probably won't use DST this year,
91 # though it did use DST in 1995. We guess Yerevan stayed in sync with Moscow
92 # between 1990 and 1995, but stopped using DST in 1996.
93 # Der-Danieliantz also asked for a better abbreviation than `YSK'
94 # after independence. Apparently no abbreviation is in common use;
95 # use `AMST/AMDT' since `AM' is the ISO country code for Armenia.
96 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
97 Rule Armenia 1992 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 S
98 Rule Armenia 1992 1995 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
99 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
100 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
101 3:00 - YSK 1957 Mar
102 4:00 RussiaAsia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
103 3:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
104 3:00 - AMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
105 4:00 Armenia AM%sT 1996
106 4:00 - AMST
108 # Azerbaijan
109 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
110 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
111 3:00 - BSK 1957 Mar
112 4:00 RussiaAsia BS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
113 3:00 1:00 BSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
114 3:00 - BSK
115 # Shanks has Baku using Russian DST rules after 1991,
116 # but usno1995 has Azerbaijan with no DST. Go with usno1995.
118 # Bahrain
119 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
120 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al-Manamah
121 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
122 3:00 - AST
124 # Bangladesh
125 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
126 Zone Asia/Dacca 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
127 5:53 - CMT 1941 Oct # Calcutta Mean Time
128 6:30 - BMT 1942 May 15
129 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
130 6:30 - BMT 1951 Sep 30
131 6:00 - BGT
133 # Bhutan
134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
135 Zone Asia/Thimbu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15
136 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
137 6:00 - BGT
139 # British Indian Ocean Territory
140 # From Whitman:
141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
142 Zone Indian/Chagos 5:00 - PKT
144 # Brunei
145 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
146 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
147 7:30 - BNT 1933
148 8:00 - BNT
150 # Burma / Myanmar
151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
152 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
153 6:25 - RMT 1920
154 6:30 - BMT 1942 May
155 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
156 6:30 - BMT
158 # Cambodia
159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
160 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
161 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT
162 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
163 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
164 7:00 - ICT
166 # People's Republic of China
168 # From Guy Harris:
169 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
171 # From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
172 # No they don't. See TIME mag, February 17, 1986 p.52. Even though
173 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
174 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
175 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
176 # the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
177 #
178 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
179 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
180 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
181 #
182 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
183 # 1987 mid-April - ??
185 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
186 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
187 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
189 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
190 # Shanks writes that China switched from the Chinese calendar on 1912 Feb 12.
191 # He also writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
192 # observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
193 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
194 # Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
196 # From Shanks (1991):
197 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
198 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
199 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
200 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
201 Rule PRC 1949 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
202 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
203 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
204 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
205 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
206 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928
207 8:30 - MAT 1932 Mar # Manchuria
208 8:00 - CST 1940
209 9:00 - KST 1966 May
210 8:30 - MAT 1980 May
211 8:00 PRC C%sT
212 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
213 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
214 8:00 PRC C%sT
215 Zone Asia/Chungking 7:06:20 - LMT 1928
216 7:00 - ICT 1980 May
217 8:00 PRC C%sT
218 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
219 6:00 - URT 1980 May # Urumqi
220 8:00 PRC C%sT
221 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928
222 5:30 - ETT 1940 # Eastern Turkestan
223 5:00 - ETT 1980 May
224 8:00 PRC C%sT
226 ###############################################################################
228 # Republic of China
230 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
231 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
232 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
233 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
234 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
235 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
236 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
237 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
238 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
239 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
240 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
241 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
242 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
243 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896
244 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
246 ###############################################################################
247 # Hong Kong
248 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
249 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
250 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
251 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
252 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
253 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
254 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
255 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
256 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
257 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
258 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
259 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
260 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
261 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
262 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
263 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
264 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
265 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
266 8:00 HK HK%sT
268 # Macao
269 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
270 Rule Macao 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
271 Rule Macao 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S
272 Rule Macao 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
273 Rule Macao 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
274 Rule Macao 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
275 Rule Macao 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
276 Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
277 Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S
278 Rule Macao 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
279 Rule Macao 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
280 Rule Macao 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S
281 Rule Macao 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D
282 Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
283 Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
284 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
285 Zone Asia/Macao 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
286 8:00 Macao C%sT
289 ###############################################################################
291 # Cyprus
292 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
293 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 " DST"
294 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
295 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
296 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
297 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
298 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
299 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
300 Rule Cyprus 1979 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
301 Rule Cyprus 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 " DST"
302 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
303 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
304 2:00 Cyprus EET%s
306 # Georgia
307 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-19):
308 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
309 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
310 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
311 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
312 #
313 # From Paul Eggert (1995-11-13):
314 # usno1995 has Georgia at 4:00. Guess that Georgia stopped transitions
315 # after spring 1994 (thus sticking at 4:00).
316 # Most likely we're still missing some rule changes between 1991 and 1994.
317 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
318 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
319 2:59 - LST 1924 May 2
320 3:00 - TBSK 1957 Mar
321 4:00 RussiaAsia TBS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
322 3:00 1:00 TBSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
323 3:00 RussiaAsia TBS%s 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
324 4:00 - TBSK
326 # India
327 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
328 Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880
329 5:53 - CMT 1941 Oct # Calcutta Mean Time
330 6:30 - BMT 1942 May 15
331 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
332 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
333 5:30 - IST
334 # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
335 # Andaman Is
336 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
337 # Nicobar Is
339 # Indonesia
340 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
341 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
342 7:07 - JMT 1924 Jan 1 0:13
343 7:20 - JVT 1932 Nov
344 7:30 - JVT 1942 Mar 23
345 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
346 7:30 - JVT 1948 May
347 8:00 - JVT 1950 May
348 7:30 - JVT 1964
349 7:00 - JVT
350 Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
351 7:58 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar Mean Time
352 8:00 - BNT 1942 Feb 9
353 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug
354 8:00 - BNT
355 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
356 9:00 - MLT 1944
357 9:30 - CST 1964
358 9:00 - MLT
360 # Iran
361 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
362 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
363 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
364 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
365 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
366 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
367 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
368 3:26 - TMT 1946
369 3:30 - IST 1977 Nov
370 4:00 Iran G%sT 1979
371 3:30 Iran I%sT
373 # Iraq
374 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
375 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
376 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
377 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
378 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
379 Rule Iraq 1985 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
380 Rule Iraq 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
381 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
382 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
383 2:58 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time
384 3:00 - AST 1982 May
385 3:00 Iraq A%sT
388 ###############################################################################
390 # Israel
392 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
393 # ISRAEL 2 H AHEAD OF UTC
394 # ISRAEL 3 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 10 - SEP 3
396 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
397 #
398 # Shanks gives the following rules for Jerusalem from 1918 through 1991.
399 # After 1989 Shanks often disagrees with Silverberg; we go with Silverberg.
401 # From Shanks (1991):
402 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
403 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
404 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
405 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
406 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
407 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
408 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
409 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
410 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
411 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
412 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
413 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
414 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
415 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
416 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
417 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
418 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
419 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
420 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
421 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
422 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
423 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
424 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
425 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
426 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
427 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
428 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
429 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
430 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
431 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
432 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
433 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
434 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
435 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
436 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
437 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
438 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
439 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
440 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
441 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
442 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
443 #Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 D
444 #Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 2 0:00 0 S
445 #Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
446 #Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
447 #Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 10 0:00 1:00 D
448 #Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
450 # From Ephraim Silverberg (1996-01-02):
451 #
452 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
453 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
454 # Each year they decide anew what havoc to wreak on the country. However,
455 # there is a "supposed" set of rules which is subject to change depending
456 # on the party the Minister of Interior, the size of the coalition
457 # government, the phase of the moon and the direction of the wind. Hence,
458 # changes may need to be made on a semi-annual basis. One thing is entrenched
459 # in law, however: that there must be at least 150 days of daylight savings
460 # time annually. Ever since 1993, the change to daylight savings time has
461 # been from midnight Thursday night to 1 a.m. Friday morning and the change
462 # back to standard time on Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time
463 # to 11 p.m. standard time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the
464 # change back to standard time takes place on Sunday night instead of Saturday
465 # night to avoid conflicts with the Jewish New Year.
467 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
468 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
469 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S
470 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
471 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0:00 S
472 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
473 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S
474 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
475 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0:00 S
476 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
477 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0:00 S
479 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
480 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
481 # calling the switchboard at 972-2-701411 and asking for the spokeswoman.
483 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
484 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
485 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0:00 S
486 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
487 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S
489 # The dates for 1996-1998 were also obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman
490 # for the Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The official announcement
491 # can be viewed (in Hebrew) at the following URL:
492 #
493 # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/misc/timezones/announcements/1996-1998.ps.gz
494 #
495 # Emptor Caveat: The dates for the years 1996-1998 were originally announced
496 # on August 31, 1995, by the previous Minister of Interior. The new Minister
497 # of Interior changed the dates on January 1, 1996, to take into account the
498 # desires of certain portions of Israeli society (the next election is in the
499 # Fall of 1996). After this (1996) year's Daylight Savings Time is over, the
500 # new minister has announced that a study will be conducted as to the wishes of
501 # the populace regarding the length of Daylight Savings Time and the Interior
502 # Committee will meet to review the results of the study and make any necessary
503 # changes to the 1997-1998 dates. Never a dull moment in the State of Israel.
505 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
506 Rule Zion 1996 1998 - Mar Fri>=14 0:00 1:00 D
507 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0:00 S
508 Rule Zion 1997 1998 - Oct Sun>=14 0:00 0:00 S
510 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
511 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
512 2:21 - JMT 1918
513 2:00 Zion I%sT
516 ###############################################################################
518 # Japan
520 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
522 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-03-06):
523 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
524 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
525 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
526 # Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows:
527 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
528 #Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
529 #Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
530 #Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
531 #Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
532 # but the only locations using it were US military bases.
533 # We go with Shanks and omit daylight saving in those years for Asia/Tokyo.
534 #
535 # The same news article also reports that Japan is likely to go on DST in 1996
536 # as follows, where I've guessed the AT and LETTER/S columns:
537 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
538 #Rule Japan 1996 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
539 #Rule Japan 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
541 # From Shanks (1991):
542 # Japan switched from the Japanese calendar on 1893 Jan 1.
543 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
544 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:19:04 - LMT 1896
545 9:00 - JST
546 # If Japan adopts DST in 1996, replace the above line with the following lines:
547 # 9:00 - JST 1996
548 # 9:00 Japan J%sT
549 # and uncomment the two `Rule' lines commented out above.
551 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
552 # Shanks says that the far southern Ryukyu Is (Nansei-Shoto) are 8:00,
553 # but we haven't confirmed this.
554 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
555 #Zone Asia/Ishigaki 8:16:36 - LMT 1896
556 # 8:00 - CST
557 # There is no information for Marcus.
558 # Other Japanese possessions are probably like Asia/Tokyo.
560 # Jordan
561 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
562 # Most likely Shanks is merely guessing dates from 1992 on.
563 # From Shanks (1991):
564 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
565 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
566 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
567 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
568 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
569 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
570 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
571 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
572 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
573 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
574 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
575 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
576 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST"
577 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 " DST"
578 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST"
579 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
580 Rule Jordan 1992 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
581 Rule Jordan 1992 max - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
582 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
583 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
584 2:00 Jordan EET%s
586 # Kazakhstan
587 # From Paul Eggert (1996-04-19):
588 # Andrew Evtichov <evti@chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
589 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aktau is the biggest city
590 # in western Kazakhstan. Follow Shanks before 1991, Evtichov afterwards.
591 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
592 Zone Asia/Alma-Ata 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Almaty
593 5:00 - AASK 1957 Mar
594 6:00 RussiaAsia AAS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
595 5:00 1:00 AASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
596 5:00 - AASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
597 6:00 RussiaAsia AAS%s
598 Zone Asia/Aktau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Aqtau
599 4:00 - SHSK 1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko
600 5:00 RussiaAsia SHS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
601 4:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
602 4:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
603 5:00 RussiaAsia AS%s
605 # Kirgizstan
606 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
607 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
608 5:00 - FSK 1957 Mar # Frunze
609 6:00 RussiaAsia FS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
610 5:00 1:00 FSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
611 5:00 RussiaAsia BS%s
613 ###############################################################################
615 # Korea
617 # From Guy Harris:
618 # According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
619 # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know
620 # at what time of day DST starts or ends.
622 # From Shanks (1991):
623 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
624 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
625 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
626 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D
627 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S
629 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
630 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
631 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
632 9:00 - KST 1928
633 8:30 - KST 1932
634 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
635 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
636 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
637 9:00 ROK K%sT
638 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
639 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
640 9:00 - KST 1928
641 8:30 - KST 1932
642 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
643 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
644 9:00 - KST
646 ###############################################################################
648 # Kuwait
649 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
650 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
651 3:00 - AST
653 # Laos
654 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
655 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
656 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT
657 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
658 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
659 7:00 - ICT
661 # Lebanon
662 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
663 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST"
664 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
665 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
666 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
667 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
668 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
669 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
670 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
671 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
672 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
673 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
674 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
675 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
676 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
677 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
678 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
679 Rule Lebanon 1984 max - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
680 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
681 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
682 Rule Lebanon 1990 max - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
683 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
684 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
685 2:00 Lebanon EET%s
687 # Malaysia
688 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
689 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 1880
690 6:55 - SMT 1905 Jun
691 7:00 - SGT 1933
692 7:20 - SGT 1942 Feb 15
693 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
694 7:20 - SGT 1950
695 7:30 - SGT 1982 May
696 8:00 - SGT
698 # Maldives
699 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
700 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
701 4:54 - MMT 1960
702 5:00 - PKT
704 # Mongolia
705 # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones,
706 # but usno1995 and http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif
707 # both say that it has just one.
708 # Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones
709 # till we know what their principal towns are.
710 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
711 Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 T
712 Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
713 Rule Mongol 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 T
714 Rule Mongol 1985 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 S
715 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
716 #Zone Asia/Dariv 6:14:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
717 # 6:00 - DST 1978
718 # 7:00 Mongol D%sT
719 Zone Asia/Ulan_Bator 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
720 7:00 - UST 1978
721 8:00 Mongol U%sT
722 #Zone Asia/Baruun-Urt 7:33:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
723 # 8:00 - BST 1978
724 # 9:00 Mongol B%sT
726 # Nepal
727 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
728 Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
729 5:30 - IST 1986
730 5:45 - NPT
732 # Oman
733 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
734 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
735 4:00 - GST
737 # Pakistan
738 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
739 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
740 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
741 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
742 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
743 5:00 - PKT
745 # Palestine
746 # These rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
747 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
748 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
749 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
750 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
751 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
752 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
753 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 max - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
754 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
755 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
756 2:00 - EET 1957 May 10
757 2:00 EgyptAsia EET%s 1967 Jun 30
758 2:00 Zion I%sT
759 # This will undoubtedly change soon.
761 # Paracel Is
762 # no information
764 # Philippines
765 # Howse writes (p 162) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
766 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
767 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
768 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
769 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S
770 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D
771 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
772 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
773 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
774 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
775 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844
776 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
777 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May
778 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
779 8:00 Phil P%sT
781 # Qatar
782 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
783 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah
784 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
785 3:00 - AST
787 # Saudi Arabia
788 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
789 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
790 3:00 - AST
792 # Singapore
793 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
794 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:24 - LMT 1880
795 6:55 - SMT 1905 Jun
796 7:00 - SGT 1933
797 7:20 - SGT 1942 Feb 15
798 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
799 7:20 - SGT 1950
800 7:30 - SGT 1982 May
801 8:00 - SGT
803 # Spratly Is
804 # no information
806 # Sri Lanka
807 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
808 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
809 5:20 - JMT 1906
810 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
811 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
812 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
813 5:30 - IST
815 # Syria
816 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
817 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST"
818 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
819 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 " DST"
820 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
821 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
822 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
823 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
824 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
825 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 " DST"
826 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
827 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
828 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
829 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 " DST"
830 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
831 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 " DST"
832 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
833 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
834 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
835 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 " DST"
836 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
837 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
838 Rule Syria 1990 max - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
839 Rule Syria 1990 max - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
840 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
841 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920
842 2:00 Syria EET%s
844 # Tajikistan
845 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
846 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
847 5:00 - DSK 1957 Mar
848 6:00 RussiaAsia DS%s 1991
849 6:00 - DSK
850 # Shanks has Dushanbe at 5:00 (6:00 summer) after 1991 Sep 29 3:00,
851 # but usno1995 has it at 6:00. Go with usno1995.
853 # Thailand
854 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
855 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
856 6:42 - BMT 1920 Apr
857 7:00 - ICT
859 # Turkmenistan
860 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
861 Zone Asia/Ashkhabad 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2
862 4:00 - ASK 1957 Mar
863 5:00 RussiaAsia AS%s 1991
864 5:00 - ASK
865 # Shanks has Ashkhabad at 4:00 (5:00 summer) after 1991 Sep 20 3:00,
866 # but usno has it at 5:00. Go with usno1995.
868 # United Arab Emirates
869 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
870 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
871 4:00 - GST
873 # Uzbekistan
874 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
875 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
876 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar
877 6:00 RussiaAsia TS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
878 5:00 1:00 TSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
879 5:00 - TSK
880 # Shanks has Tashkent using DST after 1991, but usno1995 says they don't.
881 # Go with usno1995.
882 # http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif claims that
883 # Uzbekistan has two time zones, but we lack data about this.
885 # Vietnam
886 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
887 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
888 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
889 # From Shanks (1991):
890 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
891 Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
892 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT
893 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
894 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
895 7:00 - ICT
897 # Yemen
898 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
899 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
900 3:00 - AST