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1 # @(#)antarctica 7.18
3 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
4 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
5 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
6 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
7 # </a>
8 # and
9 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
10 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
11 # </a>
12 # for information.
13 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
14 #
15 # Except for the French entries,
16 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
17 # FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
19 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
20 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
21 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
22 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
23 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
24 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
25 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
26 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
27 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
28 Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
29 Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
30 Rule ChileAQ 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
31 Rule ChileAQ 1970 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
32 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S
33 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
34 Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
35 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
38 # Argentina - year-round bases
39 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
40 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
41 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
42 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
43 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
44 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
45 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
47 # Australia - territories
48 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
49 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
50 # <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
51 # Margaret Turner reports
52 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
53 # presumably this is when they have visitors.
54 #
55 # year-round bases
56 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
57 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
58 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
59 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
60 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
61 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969
62 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
63 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 13
64 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
65 0 - ___ 1969 Feb
66 7:00 - DAVT
67 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb 13
68 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time
69 # References:
70 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
71 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
72 # </a>
73 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
74 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
75 # </a>
76 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
77 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
78 # </a>
80 # Brazil - year-round base
81 # Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4
83 # Chile - year-round bases
84 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
85 # Frei, King George Is, -6214-05848, since 1969
86 # O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
87 # Prat, -6230-05941
89 # China - year-round bases
90 # Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20
91 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26
93 # France - year-round bases
94 #
95 # From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20):
96 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
97 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
98 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
99 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
100 # from Tasmania.
101 #
102 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
103 #
104 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
105 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
106 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
107 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
108 #
109 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
110 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
111 #
112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
113 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
114 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
115 #
116 # year-round base in the main continent
117 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
118 #
119 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
120 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
121 #
122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1947
124 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
125 0 - ___ 1956 Nov
126 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
127 # Reference:
128 # <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html">
129 # Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03)
130 # </a>
133 # Germany - year-round base
134 # Georg von Neumayer
136 # India - year-round base
137 # Dakshin Gangotri
139 # Japan - year-round bases
140 # Dome Fuji
141 # Syowa
142 #
143 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
144 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. [See]
145 # <a href="http://www.crl.go.jp/uk/uk201/basyo.htm">[reference in Japanese]</a>
146 # and information from KAMO Hiroyasu <wd@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp>.
147 #
148 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
149 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
150 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
152 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 29
153 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
154 # See:
155 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
156 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
157 # </a>
159 # S Korea - year-round base
160 # King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988
162 # New Zealand - claims
163 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
164 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
165 #
166 # year-round base
167 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
168 #
169 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
170 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
171 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
172 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
173 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
174 Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
175 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
176 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
177 Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
179 # Norway - territories
180 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
181 #
182 # claims
183 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
185 # Poland - year-round base
186 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
188 # Russia - year-round bases
189 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
190 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
191 # Molodezhnaya
192 # Novolazarevskaya
193 # Vostok
195 # S Africa - year-round bases
196 # Marion Island
197 # Sanae
199 # UK
200 #
201 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
202 # South Orkney Islands
203 # scientific station from 1903
204 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
205 # South Shetland Islands
206 # whaling station at Deception I 1912/1931
207 # scientific station from 1943;
208 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
209 # and a garrison was deployed briefly
210 #
211 # year-round bases
212 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
213 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06
214 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
216 # Uruguay - year round base
217 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
219 # USA - year-round bases
220 #
221 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
222 #
223 # From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06):
224 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
225 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
226 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
227 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
228 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
229 #
230 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
231 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965
232 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
233 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
234 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
235 #
236 #
237 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956
238 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
239 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - ___ 1956
240 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
241 #
242 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, since 1957-01-23
243 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
244 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
245 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
246 #
247 # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27):
248 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
249 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
250 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
251 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
252 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
253 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
254 #
255 # From Susan Smith
256 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
257 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
258 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
259 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
260 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
261 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
262 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
263 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
264 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
265 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
266 #
267 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole